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Nuclear Protein in Testis (NUT)-rearranged tumors comprise predominantly NUT carcinoma but also include certain lymphomas, leukemias, skin appendage tumors, and sarcomas. Although histologically diverse, all are genetically identified by oncogenic rearrangement in the NUTM1 gene. Many fusion partners occur, and NSD3 is NUT carcinoma's third most common partner. Herein, we present a case of a 26-year-old man with an NSD3::NUTM1 fusion sarcoma. The patient presented at the age of 13 months with a scalp nodule. Over the next 24 years, he experienced five local recurrences and ultimately expired of a rapidly progressive recurrence. His treatment included surgical resections, radiation, and various chemotherapies. Deceptively, the clinical presentation and histopathology aligned with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, a diagnosis rendered at initial resection with concurrence by a national soft tissue tumor expert. The patient's exceptionally long survival could be due to NSD3 as the fusion partner, aided by the initial small tumor size and young patient age. Thus, this case expands NUT fusion sarcomas' histologic and immunohistochemical profile to include mimicking a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). Additionally, it indicates that the NSD3::NUTM1 fusion can drive sarcoma genesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of increasing consumption of herbivorous livestock products, competition between humans and animals for food, and increasing environmental constraints, it is necessary to solve the problem of sustainable development of China's livestock industry and increase the protection and development of the grassland livestock industry while making good use of production resources in agricultural areas in order to explore the development potential of the herbivorous livestock industry in agricultural areas. The Converting Food Crops to Forage Crops Policy (CFFP), as an important measure of agricultural supply-side structural reform, aims to develop a high-quality forage industry and a high-quality herbivorous livestock industry. However, over the years of policy implementation, few studies have examined the impact effects of the policy on the development of the regional herbivorous livestock industry. To fill this research gap and provide theoretical support for subsequent policy implementation, the study used the synthetic control method to examine the impact of policy implementation on the development of herbivorous livestock production in the pilot counties in Hebei Province from 2010 to 2020. The study discovered that the policy's implementation encouraged the expansion of herbivorous livestock production in the pilot counties, but the policy's effects on various regions and livestock species varied due to the influence of local production bases and resource endowments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legumes are the second most important family of crop plants. One defining feature of legumes is their unique ability to establish a nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis with soil bacteria known as rhizobia. Since domestication from their wild relatives, crop legumes have been under intensive breeding to improve yield and other agronomic traits but with little attention paid to the belowground symbiosis traits. Theoretical models predict that domestication and breeding processes, coupled with high−input agricultural practices, might have reduced the capacity of crop legumes to achieve their full potential of nitrogen fixation symbiosis. Testing this prediction requires characterizing symbiosis traits in wild and breeding populations under both natural and cultivated environments using genetic, genomic, and ecological approaches. However, very few experimental studies have been dedicated to this area of research. Here, we review how legumes regulate their interactions with soil rhizobia and how domestication, breeding and agricultural practices might have affected nodulation capacity, nitrogen fixation efficiency, and the composition and function of rhizobial community. We also provide a perspective on how to improve legume-rhizobial symbiosis in sustainable agricultural systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disc brakes have been applied in various automobiles widely and their braking performance has vitally important effects on the safe operation of automobiles. Although numerous researches have been conducted to find out the influential law and mechanism of working condition parameters like braking pressure, initial braking speed, and interface temperature on braking performance of disc brakes, the influence of magnetic field is seldom taken into consideration. In this paper, based on the novel automotive frictional-magnetic compound disc brake, the influential law of magnetic field on braking performance was investigated deeply. First, braking simulation tests of disc brakes were carried out, and then dynamic variation laws and mechanisms of braking torque and interface temperature were discussed. Furthermore, some parameters including average braking torque, trend coefficient and fluctuation coefficient of braking torque, average temperature, maximum temperature rise, and the time corresponding to the maximum temperature rise were extracted to characterize the braking performance of disc brakes. Finally, the influential law and mechanism of excitation voltage on braking performance were analyzed through braking simulation tests and surface topography analysis of friction material. It is concluded that the performance of frictional-magnetic compound disc brake is prior to common brake. Magnetic field is greatly beneficial for improving the braking performance of frictional-magnetic compound disc brake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legumes are able to form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria called rhizobia. The result of this symbiosis is to form nodules on the plant root, within which the bacteria can convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia that can be used by the plant. Establishment of a successful symbiosis requires the two symbiotic partners to be compatible with each other throughout the process of symbiotic development. However, incompatibility frequently occurs, such that a bacterial strain is unable to nodulate a particular host plant or forms nodules that are incapable of fixing nitrogen. Genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate symbiotic specificity are diverse, involving a wide range of host and bacterial genes/signals with various modes of action. In this review, we will provide an update on our current knowledge of how the recognition specificity has evolved in the context of symbiosis signaling and plant immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the most significant parameter for evaluating the friction state of disc brakes, the friction coefficient was characterized solely by its average and stability coefficient, which cannot accurately represent its dynamic variation characteristics during braking. In this article, a new characterization parameter set consisting of an overall and a partial characteristic parameters subset was established to characterize the dynamic variation in friction coefficient of disc brakes. Moreover, the influence of braking conditions on these new parameter sets was studied by tribological experiments. Several simulated braking experiments were carried out and the dynamic variation rules were observed. Secondly, a new characterization parameter set including eight parameters (mean value, stability coefficient, energy coefficient, end point of rapid rising, starting and end points of the up-tail, trend coefficient, and catastrophe coefficient) was established. Finally, the influence of initial braking velocity and braking pressure on these parameters and its mechanism was analyzed by braking experiments. It is concluded that the parameter set established in this article can be used to characterize the dynamic variation rules of the friction coefficient of disc brakes more objectively and comprehensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to establish a new temperature set for characterizing the frictional temperature rise (FTR) of disc brakes. The FTR produced by braking is an important factor which directly affects the tribological properties of disc brakes. Presently, most existing researches characterize the FTR only by several static parameters such as average temperature or maximum temperature, which cannot reflect accurately the dynamic characteristics of temperature variation in the process of braking. In this paper, a new temperature parameter set was extracted and the influences of braking conditions on these parameters were investigated by experiments. Design/methodology/approach – First, several simulated braking experiments of disc brakes were conducted to reveal the dynamic variation rules and mechanisms of the FTR in braking. Second, the characteristic parameter subset of the FTR was extracted with five significant parameters, namely, initial temperature, average temperature, end temperature, maximum temperature and the ratio of maximum temperature time. Furthermore, the fitting parameter subset of the FTR was constructed based on the temperature rise curve. Finally, the influence and mechanisms of initial braking velocity and braking pressure on the new temperature parameter set were investigated through braking experiments. Findings – This paper extracted a new temperature parameter set including a characteristic parameter subset and a fitting parameter subset and revealed the influences of braking conditions on it by experiments. Originality/value – The results showed that the new temperature parameter set extracted in this paper can characterize the dynamic characteristics of disc brake’s FTR variations more objectively and comprehensively. The research results will provide a theoretical basis for extracting the fault feature of friction properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temperature difference between hot flowing production (including petroleum & natural gas) and fluid in the sealed annuli leads to annular pressure buildup (APB). The pressure increase could be very high due to the low compressibility of the annulus fluid, thereby endangering the well integrity and casing safety, especially in the HPHT (high pressure high temperature) subsea wells. In this paper, a semi-steady state model is presented to predict APB; the model takes several crucial factors into account, such as the differences of annulus temperature with depths, heat transfer diverseness at various well sections, and the ratio change between isobaric thermal expansion and the isothermal compressibility. The results of the case study demonstrate that APB is directly influenced by production rate, well depth, and annular length. In these factors, APB is most sensitive to the production rate. The higher the production rate, the higher pressure increase in the annuli becomes. The model provides a practical APB prediction method that is beneficial to well integrity and casing safety during petroleum and natural gas production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of tin foil and Ni coatings on microstructures, mechanical properties, and the interfacial reaction mechanism was investigated during laser welding/brazing of Al/Cu lap joints. In the presence of a Zn-based filler, tin foil as well as Ni coating strengthened the Al/Cu joints. The tin foil only slightly influenced the joint strength. It considerably improved the spreading/wetting ability of the weld filler; however, it weakened the bonding between the seam and the Al base metal. The Ni coating considerably strengthened the Al/Cu lap joints; the highest tensile strength was 171 MPa, which was higher by 15.5% than that of a joint without any interlayer. Microstructure analysis revealed that composite layers of Ni3Zn14–(τ2 Zn–Ni–Al ternary phase)–(α-Zn solid solution)–Al3Ni formed at the fusion zone (FZ)/Cu interface. Based on the inferences about the microstructures at the interfaces, thermodynamic results were calculated to analyze the interfacial reaction mechanism. The diffusion of Cu was limited by the Ni coating and the mutual attraction between the Al and Ni atoms. The microstructure comprised Zn, Ni, and Al, and they replaced the brittle Cu–Zn intermetallic compounds, successfully strengthening the bonding of the FZ/Cu interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Zn-based metals exhibits prominent advantages to produce customized biodegradable implants. However, massive evaporation occurs during laser melting of Zn so that it becomes a critical issue to modulate laser energy input and gas shielding conditions to eliminate the negative effect of evaporation fume during the LPBF process. In this research, two numerical models were established to simulate the interaction between the scanning laser and Zn metal as well as the interaction between the shielding gas flow and the evaporation fume, respectively. The first model predicted the evaporation rate under different laser energy input by taking the effect of evaporation on the conservation of energy, momentum, and mass into consideration. With the evaporation rate as the input, the second model predicted the elimination effect of evaporation fume under different conditions of shielding gas flow by taking the effect of the gas circulation system including geometrical design and flow rate. In the case involving an adequate laser energy input and an optimized shielding gas flow, the evaporation fume was efficiently removed from the processing chamber during the LPBF process. Furthermore, the influence of evaporation on surface quality densification was discussed by comparing LPBF of pure Zn and a Titanium alloy. The established numerical analysis not only helps to find the adequate laser energy input and the optimized shielding gas flow for the LPBF of Zn based metal, but is also beneficial to understand the influence of evaporation on the LPBF process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• When pump power of 10 W, the Q-switched Tm: YAG double-pulse laser with output energy of 3.6 mJ at repetition rate of 100 Hz is obtained. The central wavelength is 2014.16 nm. Theory and experiment of Tm: YAG 2 μm double-pulse laser output based on the two-step signal of acousto-optic Q-switch is presented for the first time. As pump power of 10 W, a Q-switched Tm: YAG double-pulse laser is achieved with output energy of 3.6 mJ at 2014.16 nm and repetition rate of 100 Hz. The pulse width of the first pulse is 416 ns, and that of the second is 407 ns. The interval between the two pulses is 1 ms. The beam quality is M2 x = 1.39 and M2 y = 1.34. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]