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Rapid tissue reconstruction in acute and chronic injuries are challengeable, the inefficient repair mainly due to the difficulty in simultaneous promoting the regeneration of peripheral nerves and vascular, which are closely related. Main clinical medication strategy of tissue repair depends on different cytokines to achieve nerves, blood vessels or granulation tissue regeneration, respectively. However, their effect is still limited to single aspect with biorisk exists upon long-time use. Herein, for the first time, we have demonstrated that NA isolated from Malania oleifera has potential to simultaneously promote both neurogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. First, NA was identified by NMR and FTIR structural characterization analysis. In a model of oxidative stress in neural cells induced by hydrogen peroxide, the cells viability of RSC96 and PC12 were protected from oxidative stress injury by NA. Similarly, based on the rat wound healing model, effective blood vessel formation and wound healing can be observed in tissue staining under NA treatment. In addition, according to the identification of nerve and vascular related markers in the wound tissue, the mechanism of NA promoting nerve regeneration lies in the upregulation of the secretion NGF, NF-200 and S100 protein, and NA treatment was also able to up-regulate VEGF and CD31 to directly promote angiogenesis during wound healing. This study provides an important candidate drug molecules for acute or chronic wound healing and nerve vascular synchronous regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collagen has been widely applied as a functional biomaterial in regulating tissue regeneration and drug delivery by participating in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, intercellular signal transmission, tissue formation, and blood coagulation. However, traditional extraction of collagen from animals potentially induces immunogenicity and requires complicated material treatment and purification steps. Although semi-synthesis strategies such as utilizing recombinant E. coli or yeast expression systems have been explored as alternative methods, the influence of unwanted by-products, foreign substances, and immature synthetic processes have limited its industrial production and clinical applications. Meanwhile, macromolecule collagen products encounter a bottleneck in delivery and absorption by conventional oral and injection vehicles, which promotes the studies of transdermal and topical delivery strategies and implant methods. This review illustrates the physiological and therapeutic effects, synthesis strategies, and delivery technologies of collagen to provide a reference and outlook for the research and development of collagen as a biodrug and biomaterial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The actual process of using a resin to glue can optimize many shortcomings in the basic traditional process of welding a motor core. For example, the use of a resin for gluing can lead to a reduction in iron loss, improve rigidity, reduce processing times, and improve product quality. When using a gluing method, the biggest challenge is the distribution of the resin; therefore, resin distribution is very much important. This experiment used fine mesh nets to eventually improve the unbalanced state of resin distribution. In this research, in order to predict real flow behavior during gluing, computer-aided engineering was used for computer simulation. The results of the simulation showed that the illustrated trend of the filling process was very much similar to the actual experimental results. The simulation results could mostly predict defects and make effective improvements, which can lead to a significant reduction in the money and time spent on experiments. The simulation results of the dipping process also showed that the distribution of resin with fine mesh nets was more even than without fine mesh nets. Fine mesh nets can eventually improve an over-flow problem, which, ultimately, causes bumps. In this research, a simulation analysis of the gluing process of a motor core with fine mesh nets was conducted, and the results show that the resin distribution and the flow front of the runner were more even than those without fine mesh nets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most rotators and stators of motors or generators as well as the cores of transformers are produced by laminated plates of electric steel to reduce the energy loss caused by eddy current. Therefore, it is essential to predict as well as improve the shearing quality of the electric steel plates and thus help increase the efficiency of the machines. Most investigations overlook the planar anisotropy in the numerical analysis of the shearing process. The simplified 2-D analysis was adopted instead of the 3-D analysis. In this work, DEFORM 3D analysis is used which takes into account the anisotropy of the plate material. Normalized Cockcroft & Latham damage criterion is used in determining the occurrence of fracture during the shearing. The result shows that the 3-D analysis predicts well in the burnish depth while roughly in rollover due to insufficient resolution of the element size. The 2-D analysis tends to underestimate the burnish depth attributed to the improper selection of lower critical damage values and predicts scattered rollover.

A new scheme of a double-variable-curvature microlens (DVCM) employing a single-step grinding technique with fully automated fabrication for efficient coupling between high-power 980-nm laser diodes and single-mode fibers is proposed and demonstrated. The grinded fiber endface exhibited a double-variable curvature in the major axis, and was clearly observed for both major and minor axes after slight fusion polish. The perfect aspherical shape of the DVCM results in less grinding offset of 0.2 \mum and better curvature radii control that leads to high average coupling efficiency of 83%. This clearly indicates that the performance of the DVCM can achieve high average coupling efficiency better than any other grinding techniques to form asymmetric microlenses. The versatility in double-variable-curvature design, fully automated fabrication, and the excellent performance of aspherical microlens makes the proposed DVCM extremely attractive for use in many lightwave interconnection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A motor core is formed by stacking iron sheets on top of each other. Traditionally, there are two stacking methods, riveting and welding, but these two methods will increase iron loss and reduce usage efficiency. The use of resin is the current developmental trend in the technology used to join iron sheets, which has advantages including lowering iron loss, smoothing magnetic circuits, and generating higher rigidity. The flow behavior of resin in gluing technology is very important because it affects the dipping of iron sheets and the stacking of iron sheets with resin. In this study, a set of analytical processes is proposed to predict the flow behavior of resin through the use of computer-aided engineering (CAE) tools. The research results are compared with the experimental results to verify the accuracy of the CAE tools in predicting resin flow. CAE tools can be used to predict results, modify modules for possible defects, and reduce the time and costs associated with experiments. The obtained simulation results showed that the filling trend was the same as that for the experimental results, where the error between the simulation results for the final dipping process and the target value was 0.6%. In addition, the position of air traps is also simulated in the dipping process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant-derived nucleic acids, especially small RNAs have been proved by increasing evidence in the pharmacological activities and disease treatment values in macrophage meditated anti-tumor performance, immune regulating functions and antiviral activities. But the uptake, application and delivery strategies of RNAs as biodrugs are different from the small molecules and recombinant protein drugs. This article summarizes the reported evidence for cross-kingdom regulation by plant derived functional mRNAs and miRNAs. Based on that, their involvement and potentials in macrophage-mediated anti-tumor/inflammatory therapies are mainly discussed, as well as the load prospect of plant RNAs in viruses and natural exosome vehicles, and their delivery to mammalian cells through macrophage were also summarized. This review is to provide evidence and views for the plant derived RNAs as next generation of drugs with application potential in nucleic acid-based bio-therapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Liu, Chen, Zhang, Yan, Yan, Zhu and Peng.)

A new scheme of asymmetric elliptic-cone-shaped microlens (AECSM) employing a single-step fabrication technique for efficient coupling between the high-power 980-nm laser diodes and the single-mode fibers is proposed. The AECSMs are fabricated by asymmetrically shaping the fiber during the single-step grinding process and elliptically lensing the fiber tip during the fusing process. A maximum coupling efficiency of 85% and a high-average coupling efficiency of 71% have been demonstrated for a 980-nm laser diode with a high aspect ratio of 5. In comparison with the previous works on asymmetric fiber microlenses fabricated by the multi-step processes with complicated fabrication, the advantages of the AECSM structure for achieving high coupling are a single-step fabrication, a reproducible process, and a high-yield output. Therefore, this AECSM can form different aspect ratios of asymmetric elliptical microlenses to match the far field of the high-power diode lasers that is suitable for use in commercial high-power pump laser modules.