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EMT dysfunction is a dominant mechanisms of hypospadias. Thus, identification of EMT‐related lncRNAs based on transcriptome sequencing data of hypospadias might provide novel molecular markers and therapeutic targets for hypospadias. First, the microarray data related to hypospadias were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Besides, the differentially expressed lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) related to EMT were screened to construct lncRNA‐mRNA co‐expression interaction pairs. In addition, the microRNA (miRNA) prediction analysis was performed through bioinformatics methods to construct a ceRNA network. Moreover, function prediction and function enrichment and pathway analyses were also performed. Finally, the core EMT‐related lncRNAs were verified based on mRNA expression changes and cell functions. A total of 6 EMT‐related lncRNAs were identified and 123 mRNA‐lncRNA co‐expression interaction pairs were screened in this study. Additionally, a ceRNA regulatory network comprising 17 mRNAs, 4 lncRNAs, and 28 miRNAs was constructed based on the prediction of hypospadias‐related miRNAs. The validation results of the dataset GSE121712 revealed that only BEX1 was positively correlated with the expression of the lncRNA GNAS‐AS1 (r = 0.874, P < 0.01), both of which had high expression. The cell experiment results demonstrated that interfering with the expression of GNAS‐AS1 significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and EMT of cells. Importantly, it was confirmed that GNAS‐AS1 can serve as a ceRNA and play an important role in the EMT of hypospadias. Hence, it may be considered as a potential target in the treatment of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous catalysts for catalytic ozonation are elaborately designed with commendable intrinsic activity, while their industrial applications are limited by inadequate mass transfer of ozone (O3). In this work, it is demonstrated that engineering the surface aerophilicity of heterogeneous catalyst enables fast mass transfer of O3 reactant, giving rise to much enhanced catalytic ozonation performance. Taking active 4A zeolite catalyst as an example, the aerophilicity of spherical 4A zeolite can be greatly enhanced by coating polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with low surface energy, and the optimized sample exhibits a 99.5% removal of atrazine (ATZ) within 20 min (corresponding to a k of 0.269 min−1), much better than 4A zeolite without surface aerophilicity engineering (k≈0.156 min−1). The PTFE coating does not change the ozone activation mechanism and degradation pathways for ATZ, further demonstrating that the enhanced ozonation activity is attributed to the enhanced mass transfer process. In addition, the general applicability of this surface aerophilicity and the potential ozonation application for industrial wastewater treatment are both demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs)-based nanoreactors have attracted broad interest in many fields due to their void-confinement effects. However, the inherent drawback of conventional nanoreactors is the lack of internal active sites, which limits their widespread utilization. Herein, we report the construction of hierarchical COF (EB-TFP) nanoreactor with pre-synthesized polyoxometalates (POM, [PV2W10O40]5− (PV2W10)) clusters encapsulated inside of COF (POM@COF). PV2W10@EB-TFP anchors nucleophilic-group (Br− ions) and PV2W10 anion cluster within the COF framework via electrostatic interactions, which not only simplifies the reaction system but also enhances catalytic efficiency. The reaction performance of the PV2W10@EB-TFP nanoreactor can be tuned to achieve excellent catalytic activity in CO2 cycloaddition reaction (CCR) for ∼ 97.63% conversion and ∼ 100% selectivity under visible light irradiation. A mechanistic study based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations and in-situ characterization was also carried out. In summary, we have reported a method for achieving the uniform dispersion of POM single clusters into COF nanoreactor, demonstrating the potential of POM@COF nanoreactor for synergistic photothermal catalytic CO2 cycloaddition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing efficient and bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting conforms to the concept of energy conservation and emission reduction but remains challenging now. Herein, the fabrication of a heterostructure by anchoring cobalt‐polyoxometalates (Co‐POM) on NiFe layered double hydroxide (NiFe‐LDH) nanoplates in situ on nickel foam (NF) is first reported (Co‐POM@LDH/NF). The surface area, electron transfer ability, and stability of the heterostructure are increased due to the synergistic effect between Co‐POM and NiFe‐LDH. Particularly, Co‐POM@LDH/NF can deliver a current density of 100 mA cm−2 with an overpotential of only 220 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 226 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1.0 m KOH electrolytes. Impressively, the outstanding stability of Co‐POMs in heterostructures is verified by the experimental observations after electrolysis, indicating the successful construction of stable POMs‐based heterogeneous electrocatalysts. More attractively, the electrolyzer composed by Co‐POM@LDH/NF as anode and cathode shows a much lower operating voltage of 1.51 V at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting. This study provides a feasible and extensible idea for the design of the POM‐based heterostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study deals with the state observer design for a class of linear time‐delay distributed parameter systems (DPSs) modeled by a parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) via mobile sensors. Initially, under the assumption that the spatial domain is decomposed into multiple subdomains according to the number of mobile sensors, the estimation scheme including a state observer and the guidance of mobile sensors is proposed for the linear time‐delay DPS. Then, by using Lyapunov direct technique and the projection modification algorithm, a design of the state observer plus mobile sensor guidance laws is developed, such that the resulting state estimation error system is exponentially stable and the mobile sensor guidance can improve the transient response of state estimation error. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water electrolysis is currently a major technique to produce clean hydrogen, which is regarded as a promising and sustainable energy carrier. The efficiency of water electrolysis is highly dependent on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the anode. The evaluation of an OER electrocatalyst is frequently carried out on a three-electrode system in a container of electrolyte. Herein, we found that the electrode positions in the electrolyte container could significantly affect the data acquisition of OER performance. After a detailed investigation, we reveal that the difference of the OER activity of an electrocatalyst at a different position is originated from their different iRu drop and the gas diffusion resistance. For the first time, this work evokes concerns on the accurate evaluation of electrocatalysts regarding the electrode position. For fair comparisons and reliable results, it is strongly suggested to keep the electrode position unchanged in the electrochemical measurements. In addition, the establishment of a standard electrolyzer setup for electrocatalysis evaluation in the electrochemical community is also called for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the process of an acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) necessitates the use of Iridium dioxygen (IrO2), which is both expensive and incredibly scarce on Earth. Ruthenium dioxygen (RuO2) offers high activity for acidic OERs and presents a potential substitution for IrO2. Nevertheless, its practical application is hindered by its relatively poor stability. In this study, we have developed Mn–doped RuO2 (Mn–RuO2) nanoarrays that are anchored on a titanium (Ti) mesh utilizing a two–step methodology involving the preparation of MnO2 nanoarrays followed by a subsequent Ru exchange and annealing process. By precisely optimizing the annealing temperature, we have managed to attain a remarkably low overpotential of 217 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The enhanced catalytic activity of our Mn–RuO2 nanoarrays can be attributed to the electronic modification brought about by the high exposure of active sites, Mn dopant, efficient mass transfer, as well as the efficient transfer of electrons between the Ti mesh and the catalyst arrays. Furthermore, these self–supported Mn–RuO2 nanoarrays demonstrated excellent long–term stability throughout a chronoamperometry test lasting for 100 h, with no discernible changes observed in the Ru chemical states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water electrolysis is a compelling method for the production of environmentally friendly hydrogen, minimizing carbon emissions. The electrolysis of water heavily relies on an effective and steady oxygen evolution reaction (OER) taking place at the anode. Herein, we introduce a highly promising catalyst for OER called CoSe2@NiFeOOH arrays, which are supported on nickel foam. This catalyst, referred to as CoSe2@NiFeOOH/NF, is fabricated through a two-step process involving the selenidation of a Co-based porous metal organic framework and subsequent electrochemical deposition on nickel foam. The CoSe2@NiFeOOH/NF catalyst demonstrates outstanding activity for the OER in an alkaline electrolyte. It exhibits a low overpotential (η) of 254 mV at 100 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 73 mV dec−1, and excellent high stability. The good performance of CoSe2@NiFeOOH/NF can be attributed to the combination of the high conductivity of the inner layer and the synergistic effect between CoSe2 and NiFeOOH. This study offers an effective method for the fabrication of highly efficient catalysts for an OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]