1. The Importance of Understanding the Stages of COVID-19 in Treatment and Trials
- Author
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Daniel G. Arkfeld, Glenn Ehresmann, Denise Brennan-Rieder, Michael P. Dubé, Leland Shapiro, Gilles Hayem, Paul E. Marik, Iraldo Bello Rivero, Neha Nanda, David Sawcer, Vicente Soriano, David Peng, Pierre Kory, Eivind H Vinjevoll, Joseph Varon, Vito M. Campese, Diana L. Hanna, Antonio Lobo-Ferreira, Marco Confalonieri, Binh Ngo, Jose Iglesias, Stephen Ditmore, Oriol Mitjà, Maria Carmela Piccirillo, Fred R. Sattler, April Amstrong, Daniel O. Griffin, Cristina Mussini, Rajkumar Dasgupta, Nicolas Peschanski, Gino K. In, Ivan F H Hung, Miroslaw Smorgorzewski, Marc Rendell, Preet M. Chaudhary, O Griffin, Daniel, Brennan-Rieder, Denise, Ngo, Binh, Kory, Pierre, Confalonieri, Marco, Shapiro, Leland, Iglesias, Jose, Dube, Michael, Nanda, Neha, K In, Gino, Arkfeld, Daniel, Chaudhary, Preet, M Campese, Vito, L Hanna, Diana, Sawcer, David, Ehresmann, Glenn, Peng, David, 3, Miroslaw Smorgorzewski, Amstrong, April, H Vinjevoll 8, Eivind, 3, Rajkumar Dasgupta, R Sattler 3, Fred, 9, Cristina Mussini, Mitjà 10, Oriol, Soriano, Vicente, Peschanski 12, Nicola, Hayem 13, Gille, Carmela Piccirillo 14, Maria, Lobo-Ferreira 15, António, B Rivero 16, Iraldo, H Hung 17, Ivan F, Rendell 18, Marc, Ditmore 19, Stephen, Varon 20, Joseph, and Marik, Paul
- Subjects
Multiple stages ,medicine.medical_specialty ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Time Factors ,Phases ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Secondary infection ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Disease ,030312 virology ,Cytokine storm ,Virus Replication ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pharmacotherapy ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Intensive care medicine ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,0303 health sciences ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2. Phases. Cytokine storm. Antivirals. Immunotherapy ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Antivirals ,medicine.disease ,COVID-19 Drug Treatment ,Infectious Diseases ,RNA, Viral ,Immunotherapy ,Cytokine Release Syndrome ,business - Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to be a major health problem since its first description in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Multiple drugs have been tried to date in the treatment of COVID-19. Critical to treatment of COVID-19 and advancing therapeutics is an appreciation of the multiple stages of this disease and the importance of timing for investigation and use of various agents. We considered articles related to COVID-19 indexed on PubMed published January 1, 2020-November 15, 2020, and considered papers on the medRxiv preprint server. We identified relevant stages of COVID-19 including three periods: pre-exposure, incubation, and detectable viral replication; and five phases: the viral symptom phase, the early inflammatory phase, the secondary infection phase, the multisystem inflammatory phase, and the tail phase. This common terminology should serve as a framework to guide when COVID-19 therapeutics being studied or currently in use is likely to provide benefit rather than harm. (AIDS Rev. 2021;22:40-47)
- Published
- 2021