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This study is focused on the characterization of the proteolysis occurred during the processing of Pastırma, a traditional Turkish dry-cured meat product, which is responsible for its final characteristics. Thus, the evaluation of naturally generated free amino acids and peptides present at 0, 2, 5, 10, and 21 days of processing and the bioactivity of peptide fractions have been approached. Peptides were examined by MALDI-TOF and results showed differences in the amount of generated peptides at different times of processing, and a total of 29 peptides were newly generated at Day 21 in comparison with Day 2 during processing. The water soluble fraction of Pastırma at the end of the curing period (Day 21) was also analyzed by size-exclusion chromatography and some of the collected fractions demonstrated strong ACE-inhibitory and antioxidant activities. In fact, Pastırma showed an ACE inhibitory activity higher than 86% from 220 to 270 mL corresponding to molecular masses between 900 and 1500 Da, and also a DPPH radical-scavenging activity above 60% at 250 to 300 mL corresponding to molecular masses between 700 and 2000 Da. Thus, Pastırma represents a good source of natural ACE-inhibitory and antioxidant peptides which might be due to the proteolysis occurred by endogenous enzymes and the contribution of the çemen paste used in production., Grant AGL2014-57367-R from MINECO (Spain) and FEDER funds and JAEDOC-CSIC postdoctoral contract of L.M. cofunded by European Social Funds are acknowledged. The research fellowship grant provided by Erasmus + KA1 Student Mobility Programme for Higher Education for the author Ebru Deniz is also gratefully acknowledged.

The effects of amino acid composition and peptide molecular mass on ACE-inhibitory and antioxidant activities of protein fragments obtained from tomato waste fermented using Bacillus subtilis were evaluated. The addition of B. subtilis increased the relative amounts of aromatic and positively-charged amino acids which have been described to influence the biological activities of peptide fragments. IC50 values of hydrolysates for ACE-inhibitory and 2, 2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities were found to be 1.5 and 8.2 mg/mL, respectively. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) pattern of the hydrolysate indicated the breakdown of parent proteins to smaller peptides with molecular weights mainly below 1400 Da. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the highest ACE-inhibitory activity was due to peptides showing molecular mass range 500–800 Da, while the most active antioxidant peptides were found to be mainly at the two different peptide weight ranges 500–800 Da and 1200–1500 Da., This study was funded by Grant of Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran and Emerging Research Group Grant from Generalitat Valenciana in Spain (GV/2015/138). Also, a JAEDOC-CSIC postdoctoral contract was cofunded by the European Social Fund to Dr. Mora.

[EN] Sodium intake exceeds the nutritional recommendations in most industrialized countries becoming one concern for public health. This elimination or reduction is not simple due to its role in final food sensory, quality and safety. The aim of this work is to review the possibilities of magnesium ion, due to its healthy properties, to become a partial substitute of sodium in the production of fish and meat products, and a particular case for Spanish dry-cured ham and loin. Magnesium diffusion into different muscle based foods such as ham or loin, and its effect in the most important characteristics of the final product (microbiology, physico-chemical and sensory properties) has been analyzed. Results show that magnesium has more difficulty to penetrate inside the muscle and slightly modifies the water-holding capacity of proteins, their solubility and the enzymatic activity. Salty taste, bitterness and off-flavor are the most affected characteristics. However, these effects could be compensated by using longer post-salting periods and by employing masking agents. It is possible to reduce the sodium content in fish and meat products using magnesium as one of the ingredients, allowing to obtain new products with similar physicochemical characteristics and safety conditions., Grant AGL2007-65379-C02-01 & 02 and AGL2010-16305 from Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain) and FEDER funds are acknowledged.

[EN] Simultaneous brine thawing/salting process was applied as an alternative to traditional pile salting process using 51 frozen Iberian hams. The effect of this type of salting process on endogenous enzyme activity and sensory quality of Iberian dry-cured hams was analysed. The frozen hams were simultaneously thawed and salted with saturated brine, with and without vacuum pulses, and were compared to hams thawed under refrigeration and traditionally salted. The peptidase and lipase activities were measured at the end of salting and post-salting stages. The activity of cathepsin B+L was reduced in the two brine salted batches while few differences among batches were observed for the other peptidases. Several lipase activities were significantly reduced in the two brine salted batches. The brine thawed processing affected the free fatty acid content at the different stages although the differences were more appreciated at the beginning of the process and no differences were observed at the end. The long ripening time makes these differences negligible and the consumer did not appreciate any differences between the sensory quality of Iberian brine/thawed hams and traditional Iberian thawed pile salted hams. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., Financial support from PETRI by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (PTR-1995-0754-OP-03) is fully acknowledged. Work was carried out under the Unidad Asociada IIAD (UPV) - IATA (CSIC) framework. The authors are grateful to M. Lozano and MI. Nadal for technical assistance.

HPLC methods based on hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) have been recently applied to the analysis of biochemical compounds, related to the quality, in meat and poultry as well as meat products like cooked ham and dry-cured ham. This type of chromatography has also been successfully used for the analysis of antibiotic residues in meat and poultry. HILIC chromatography has an increasing relevance for the analysis of polar compounds in foods due to its good retention without need for derivatisation. In general, HILIC-based methods have shown good performance for the analysis of polar biochemical compounds like dipeptides, creatine and creatinine, nucleotides and nucleosides, sphingolipids and residues, mainly antibiotics, in rather complex matrices such as muscles. Thus, this manuscript presents a review of recent applications of HILIC methods for the analysis of quality-related biochemical compounds and residues in meat, poultry and processed meats. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC., Grant AGL2007-65379-C02-01 from Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain) and FEDER funds are fully acknowledged. FPU Scholarship from Ministerio de Ciencia y Educacion (Spain) to L. M. and scholarship from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) and Colegio de Postgraduados (Mexico) to A. S. H-C. are fully acknowledged. This work was performed under the Associated Unit IAD (UPV)-IATA (CSIC).

The activity of muscle aminopeptidase B, alanyl aminopeptidase, acid lipase and acid esterase were assayed in pork muscles of different metabolic type. The muscles were Masseter, Trapezius, Semimembranosus, Biceps Femoris and Longissimus dorsi and some significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in enzyme activities. Alanyl aminopeptidase showed lower activity in Masseter and Biceps femoris while aminopeptidase B had lower activity in Biceps femoris. Acid lipase and acid esterase showed lower activity in Trapezius and higher in Masseter. However, no clear relationship could be established between the assayed enzyme activities and the metabolism of the muscles.