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Citizen journalism is increasingly practiced worldwide due to the expansion of the Internet, new media technologies, and social media platforms. This study investigated Malaysia's citizen journalism through young journalist’s perspective by understanding the concepts and roles of citizen journalists. The analysis demonstrated that young citizen journalists view opportunities and empowerment from a new angle. The results illustrated that citizen journalism in Malaysia provides a potential prospect for citizen journalists as well as a role in inspiring young people. Based on the present paper, it is suggested that future research should explore the guidelines to distinguish Malaysian citizen journalists from the conventional keyboard warriors and cyber troopers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The breeding of high-quality, high-yield, and disease-resistant varieties is closely related to food security. The investigation of breeding results relies on the evaluation of seed phenotype, which is a key step in the process of breeding. In the global digitalization trend, digital technology based on optical sensors can perform the digitization of seed phenotype in a non-contact, high throughput way, thus significantly improving breeding efficiency., Aim of Review: This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, characteristics, data processing methods, and bottlenecks associated with three digital technique types based on optical sensors: spectroscopy, digital imaging, and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques. In addition, the applicability and adaptability of digital techniques based on the optical sensors of maize seed phenotype traits, namely external visible phenotype (EVP) and internal invisible phenotype (IIP), are investigated. Furthermore, trends in future equipment, platform, phenotype data, and processing algorithms are discussed. This review offers conceptual and practical support for seed phenotype digitization based on optical sensors, which will provide reference and guidance for future research., Key Scientific Concepts of Review: The digital techniques based on optical sensors can perform non-contact and high-throughput seed phenotype evaluation. Due to the distinct characteristics of optical sensors, matching suitable digital techniques according to seed phenotype traits can greatly reduce resource loss, and promote the efficiency of seed evaluation as well as breeding decision-making. Future research in phenotype equipment and platform, phenotype data, and processing algorithms will make digital techniques better meet the demands of seed phenotype evaluation, and promote automatic, integrated, and intelligent evaluation of seed phenotype, further helping to lessen the gap between digital techniques and seed phenotyping., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Neuropathy-and foot ulcer-specific quality of life instrument (NeuroQoL) is not available in Hindi language which is one of the most spoken languages in the world. Hence, we aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt and content validate NeuroQoL into Hindi language (NeuroQoL-H)., Methods: NeuroQoL is translated and cross-culturally adapted into Hindi language (NeuroQoL-H) using the guidelines proposed by Beaton and colleagues. Both item and scale levels content validity index (I-CVI & S-CVI) were reported for the validation and pretesting was performed with, n = 51 patients with diabetes. Floor and ceiling effects were reported., Result: Total score of content validated and pretested, NeuroQoL-H with, n = 51 patients with diabetes is, 60 (36,109). For all the items in NeuroQoL-H, I-CVI ≥ 0.8 and S-CVI = 0.95. The floor effect is (24 %) while the ceiling effect is (1 %)., Conclusion: NeuroQoL-H scale is a valid outcome measure among Hindi speaking patients with diabetes., (Copyright © 2022 European Foot and Ankle Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a unique and heterogeneous class of lipid bilayer nanoparticles secreted by most cells. EVs are regarded as important mediators of intercellular communication in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells due to their ability to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to recipient cells. In addition to their physiological role, EVs are recognized as modulators in pathological processes such as cancer, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, providing new potential targets for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. For a complete understanding of EVs as a universal cellular biological system and its translational applications, optimal techniques for their isolation and characterization are required. Here, we review recent progress in those techniques, from isolation methods to characterization techniques. With interest in therapeutic applications of EVs growing, we address fundamental points of EV-related cell biology, such as cellular uptake mechanisms and their biodistribution in tissues as well as challenges to their application as drug carriers or biomarkers for less invasive diagnosis or as immunogens. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease., (© 2022 The Authors. WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

During the previous two decades, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been well tested, and the tools were validated in different languages across the globe. This systematic review aimed to identify the knee disease-specific outcome tools in Arabic and evaluate their methodological quality of psychometric properties of the most promising tools based on the COSMIN checklist and PRISMA guidelines. Articles published in English, from the inception of databases until the date of search (10 August 2022), were included. Articles without at least one psychometric property (reliability, validity, and responsiveness) evaluation, and articles other than in the English language, were excluded from the study. The key terms ["Arabic" AND "Knee" AND ("Questionnaire" OR "Scale")] were used in three databases, i.e., PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) in the advanced search strategy. Key terms were either in the title or abstract for PubMed. Key words were in the topic (TS) for WoS. COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments) risk of bias checklist was used to evaluate the methodological quality of psychometric properties of the Arabic knee-related outcome measures. A total of 99 articles were identified in PubMed, SCOPUS, and WoS. After passing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 articles describing 22 scales from five countries were included in this review. The instruments validated in the Arabic language are Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS), knee outcome survey- activities of daily living scale (KOS-ADLS), Oxford knee score (OKS), anterior knee pain scale, osteoarthritis of knee and hip health-related quality of life (OAKHQoL) scale, Lysholm knee score (LKS), international documentation committee subjective knee form (IKDC), intermittent and constant osteoarthritis pain (ICOAP) questionnaire, Kujala patellofemoral pain scoring system (PFPSS), anterior knee pain scale (AKPS) and osteoarthritis quality of life questionnaire (OAQoL),. All were found to have good test-retest reliability (Intra Correlation Coefficient), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and construct validity (Visual Analog Scale, Short Form-12, RAND-36, etc.). Of 20 instruments available to assess self-reported knee symptoms and function, 12 were validated in the Saudi Arabian population. Among them, KOS-ADLS is the best PROM to be used in various knee conditions, followed by KOOS and WOMAC. The assessed methodological quality of evidence says that the knee Arabic PROMs are reliable instruments to evaluate knee symptoms/function.

Purpose: This methodological framework was purposed to discuss the considerations for conducting scoping review for neonatal and pediatric pain management (NPPM) from the perspectives of Arksey and O' Malley and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework. Till now, there is no scoping review or standard methods are available for identifying, prioritizing, or reporting research gaps in the area of NPPM., Methods and Results: Scoping reviews were utilized to map the literature comprehensively across a range of study designs in a particular area. This methodological framework describes the methods used to identify, prioritize, and display research gaps in the area of NPPM. Different methods to determine research gaps have been described in this framework. This scoping review methodological framework also discussed methods for conducting scoping review in two levels with methodological considerations given by Arksey and O'Malley, and JBI Institute. Search terms and search terminologies are described to conduct scoping review effectively for NPPM. Through, this standard scoping review methodological considerations, the general understanding and current advances in NPPM can be widened., Conclusion: This methodological framework describes the methods for conducting scoping review effectively in the area of NPPM., Level of Evidence: Not applicable., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None of the authors have competing interest declared., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Physical activity and quality of life of older people decline as age increases and with associated chronic diseases. The quality of life of patients was assessed using generic measures in Saudi Arabian patients. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the quality of life among Osteoarthritis knee patients who have modified their lifestyle and adapted to chair usage to offer prayers using disease-specific knee measures. A total of 107 subjects have been evaluated among Muslims with a chair usage history to offer the prayers. There is a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) among the history of chair users to offer prayers. Function as well as quality of life has been declined over the years, that is, from 0 to 9 years of modified (chair use) prayer in Saudi Arabian Muslims.

Background: No Arabic or its dialect questionnaire is available to evaluate the anterior knee pain in the Saudi Arabian religious population. This study aims to translate, adapt, and psychometrically validate the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS-PF) Patellofemoral scale in the Arabic language in Saudi Arabic dialect., Method: Translation has been done as per standard guidelines. The questionnaire was administered to 95 patients to determine the psychometric properties including on two different occasions, with a 48-hour gap in-between; to ensure that their answers were reliable; 84 patients (88.4% compliance rate) responded for test and retest reliability, ceiling-floor effects, validity and other psychometric criteria., Results: Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency) and test-retest reliability was good and excellent (∞ = 0.81; ICC > 0.95). None of the items showed >30% floor or ceiling effect and the minimal detectable change was within the acceptable range (<30%). The KOOS-PF subscale showed a moderate correlation (-0.568) with pain-visual analog scale for its construct validity., Conclusion: The Arabic dialect of KOOS-PFis reliable and valid to be used to evaluate isolated knee pain of patellofemoral origin in Muslim patients in Saudi Arabia., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2020 Ateef.)

Aim : Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir/daclatasvir/ribavirin (SOF/DCV/RBV) in treating non-sustained virological responders (non-SVR12) to prior sofosbuvir-based therapy, in absence of RAS testing in mass treatment, and determination of the optimal timing to start re-treatment. Methods : Real-life prospective observational study included prior non-responders to 24-weeks SOF-RBV (n = 679, 67%) or 12-weeks SOF- RBV- PEG (n = 335, 33%). Patients were re-treated with daily SOF/DCV/RBV for 12 (n = 270) or 24 weeks (n = 744). The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR12. The primary safety endpoints were reported adverse events (AEs) from baseline to SVR12 time point. Results : We included 1,014 patients [age 52 ± 9 years, 58.48% men]. Cirrhosis was documented in 46.98% and 27.5% of SOF-RBV and SOF-RBV-PEG non-responders respectively. Overall, SVR12 was 90.6% [92.2% for 12 weeks therapy and 90.05% for 24 weeks therapy]. Mild AEs occurred in 5.13% (n=52) and 3.1% (n=32) discontinued treatment including eight on-treatment mortalities. Higher baseline FIB-4 and shorter interval before starting retreatment (<6 months) were independent predictors of non-SVR12 on multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion: SOF/DCV/RBV is an effective and safe treatment option for non-responders to prior sofosbuvir-based therapy. Six months interval before retreatment is optimal for achieving favorable SVR.

In this study, a method based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was developed to detect soil contaminated with Pb. Different levels of Pb were added to soil samples in which tobacco was planted over a period of two to four weeks. Principal component analysis and deep learning with a deep belief network (DBN) were implemented to classify the LIBS data. The robustness of the method was verified through a comparison with the results of a support vector machine and partial least squares discriminant analysis. A confusion matrix of the different algorithms shows that the DBN achieved satisfactory classification performance on all samples of contaminated soil. In terms of classification, the proposed method performed better on samples contaminated for four weeks than on those contaminated for two weeks. The results show that LIBS can be used with deep learning for the detection of heavy metals in soil.

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to translate a self-reported questionnaire (KOOS) from English to Urdu and then to see its internal consistency, agreement, test-retest reliability, and validity among primary OA knee patients., Methodology: First, KOOS questionnaire was translated from English language to Urdu through standardized cross-cultural protocol. This translated version of KOOS was administered to 111 radiographically diagnosed primary OA knee patients at two times with 48-hour interval in-between. Cronbach's alpha, floor and ceiling effect, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), absolute agreement %, and Spearman correlation were used to fulfill our objectives., Results: Average time to administer this questionnaire was 20 minutes. There was good internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.7246 to 0.9139. The absolute agreement of each item between two tests ranged from 81.08% to 98.20%. Test-retest reliability was excellent (" r " ranged from 0.9673 to 0.9782). There was no ceiling effect; however less than 4% floor effect was seen in two subscales. There was significant difference that existed between different X-ray grades in all subscales meaning good content validity for disease prognosis., Conclusion: The present results show that KOOS Urdu version is a reliable and valid measure for primary OA knee patients.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to establish the efficacy of cryoablation for incidentally discovered small renal cell carcinomas in older patients with medical comorbidities., Methods: We carried out a retrospective chart analysis of outcomes of 70 patients treated by cryoablation. The inclusion criteria were age >56 years, medical comorbidities (Charlson class I-III), and suitability for cryoablation established by urologists and interventional radiologists. In total, 43 patients were male, 27 female, and the age range was 56 to 89. The lesions measured 1.5 to 4 cm; 29 were high-grade Fuhrman and 41 were low grade. All lesions were treated by 2 10-minute freezing cycles separated by an 8-minute thawing period. One to seven cryoprobes were inserted according to a preoperative, 3D computed tomography (CT)-based plan., Results: Results were assessed on follow-up CTs (at 8-9 months). Of the 70 patients, 68 were treated by cryoablations and surgical salvage procedures; these patients were free of disease for 23 to 72 months (mean 39). One patient experienced recurrence and the other was lost to follow-up. One or two cryoablations rendered 66 patients tumour-free and additional surgery rendered another 2 patients tumour-free. The location and configuration of the lesion affected outcomes. Of the 27 posterior lesions, there was 1 failure; of the postero-lateral lesions, there were 4 failures; of the anterior lesions, there were 5 lesions; finally of the 32 central or deep seated lesions, there were 9 failures. Implants with one and two cryoprobes had a high recurrence rate. Three major complications were managed by minor interventions. The mean hospitalization was 1.3 days and the procedure times were variable., Conclusion: Percutaneous cryoablation is recommended as a minimally invasive nephron-sparing treatment for amenable lesions in older patients with medical comorbidities.

Background: Ischaemia/reperfusion injury describes the experimentally and clinically prevalent finding that tissue ischaemia with inadequate oxygen followed by successful reperfusion initiates a wide and complex array of inflammatory responses that may aggravate local injury as well as induce impairment of remote organ function by mechanisms that involve oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis., Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate the potential role of valsartan angiotensin receptor blocker-1 (ARB-1) in the amelioration of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury induced by ligation of coronary artery in a rat model., Material and Methods: Adult male Albino rats were randomised into four equal groups (seven rats in each group). In group 1 (sham group) the rats underwent the same anaesthetic and surgical procedure as the control group except for ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery; group 2 (control group) rats were subjected to regional ischaemia for 25 minutes by ligation of LAD coronary artery and reperfusion for 2 hours; group 3 (control vehicle group) rats received (normal saline) vehicle of valsartan via IP injection and were subjected to regional ischaemia for 25 minutes by ligation of LAD coronary artery and reperfusion for two hours; group 4 (valsartan treated group) rats were pretreated with valsartan 10 mg/kg IP 30 minutes before ligation of LAD coronary artery. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken by direct cardiac puncture for the measurement of plasma levels of troponin T (cTnT) and serum levels for both malondialdehyde MDA and glutathione GSH. After blood sampling, the heart was removed and divided into two parts; the apex was used for histopathological examination, and the remaining part was used for the measurement of cardiac tissue levels of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), cysteine aspartic acid-protease 3 (caspase-3), and BCL2-associated X protein (BAX), after removal of the remaining blood clots and aorta., Results: In the active control group, as compared with the sham group, the results revealed that the myocardial tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, caspase-3, and BAX, and the plasma level of cTnT and serum level of malondialdehyde MDA were significantly increased (p < 0.001), while the serum level of glutathione GSH was significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Regarding the histopathological part of the study, all rats in the active control group showed a significant cardiac tissue injury (p < 0.001) compared with the sham group. Valsartan significantly counteracted (p < 0.001) the increase in the myocardial tissue levels of TNF-α, IL-6, caspase-3, and BAX; additionally, it counteracted the increase in plasma level of cTnT and serum level of malondialdehyde MDA, while valsartan produced highly significant elevation (p < 0.001) in the cardiac tissue level of IL-10 and serum level of glutathione GSH and significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the cardiac tissue injury in the valsartan pretreated rats., Conclusions: The results of the present study reveal that valsartan ameliorates myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury in rats by interfering with inflammatory reactions and apoptosis that are induced by ischaemia reperfusion injury.

Purpose. Objective of the present study was to see the correlation of subjectively measured KOOS questionnaire with objectively measured 6-minute walk test (6-MWT), age, height, weight, and BMI. Participants. 251 subjects with OA knee based on American College of Rheumatology criteria. Methods. After passing inclusion and exclusion criteria, the following parameters were recorded: age, height, weight, and BMI. Then subjects were asked to fill KOOS questionnaire; then all subjects were asked to do self-paced walk for 6 minutes. Analysis. Spearman rank test was done to see the correlation. Significant level was set at P < 0.05. Results. 6-MWT had a weak correlation with KOOS-ADL (rho 0.461) and strong correlation with KOOS-symptom, KOOS-pain, and KOOS-sports and very strong correlation with KOOS-QOL. BMI had a strong correlation with KOOS-pain, KOOS-symptom, KOOS-ADL, and KOOS-sports and very strong correlation with KOOS-QOL. Weight had a weak correlation with KOOS-symptom, KOOS-ADL, and KOOS-sports and strong correlation with KOOS-pain and KOOS-QOL. All the above values were significant with P < 0.001. Conclusion. KOOS is strongly positively correlated with 6-MWT and negatively correlated with BMI. Its correlation strength has decreased with weight.

We report a case of Behçet's disease that presented as protracted fever of unknown origin. The diagnosis was established when a thromboembolic event and ora3l aphthous ulcers occurred simultaneously. Antibiotics had no effect on the fever, which resolved when glucocorticoid and anticoagulant therapy was given. Among causes of protracted fever of unknown origin, Behçet's disease is exceedingly rare but should be considered together with the other vasculitides. Above all, the presence of a fever should prompt a search for a thromboembolic complication.