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vol.4 (2017) 007-014, The Committee (acronym: SKOZK) was established in 1978, following listing Krakow as a world heritage site.It fulfilled expectations from the past, when heritage assets were damaged by industrial pollution and state ideology curtailed financing of works on sacred and private grounds. An undoubted strength of the early time was the recognition of Krakow heritage protection as a matter of state importance, while the domination of political circumstances remained a weakness. The political transformation of 1989/90 changed the environment: SKOZK was now dominated by heritage preservation milieus, and members were appointed by the President of the Republic of Poland, and his Chancellery provided a major part of financial means. As grants generally cover up to 50% of the cost, the fund has a stimulating role as beneficiaries need to find sources for matching funds. Since 1990, the Committee’s activity has concentrated on the most valuable complexes: Wawel, the historical centre of the city, former town of Kazimierz with Jewish quarter, and the most treasurable enclaves situated on the outskirts of the city. Achievements of SKOZK include development of a model for cooperation between private (NGO) and public (central and territorial authorities) sectors, definition of strategic goals, and a priority of the ensuing tasks

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To fulfill the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute’s (Indiana CTSI) Community Health Partnerships’ (CHeP) mission of improving the health of Indiana residents through community-university partnerships, CHeP engaged with community partners to develop and implement a pilot award program for community-based participatory research, the Trailblazer Award (TA). The objective is to describe the engagement processes throughout the pilot program timeline and as the pilot program evolved over the 6-year period since the program started. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Though a process of engagement with community stakeholders, we assessed the process for each year of the TA, noting what changes occurred and how they occurred. Engagement for the TA process occurred during the following phases: RFA development, review, active project support, dissemination of project results, and project/partnership follow-up. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: During the RFA development phase, we decided to focus the award on health equity for 5 years; and we implemented structural changes to encourage new partnerships in underrepresented and rural areas. During the review phase, we incorporated both community and university reviewers and co-moderators. To increase capacity among our reviewer pool, we offered webinars and repeated opportunities to serve as reviewers. During the project support phase, we added the following: community-based CITI training; opportunities for networking with peer awardee teams; and community and academic co-led sessions on addressing recruitment barriers, grant writing, and dissemination to a community audiences. Through our active engagement of the CHeP Advisory Board, one Board member (from Indiana State Department of Health) leveraged matching funds for the TA, effectively doubling the number of projects supported each year. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Whereas previous work has reported on engagement during the review process of pilot award applications, we discuss ways to extend engagement to include other aspects of a pilot program both before and after the review process. In our process, several key partners offered insightful changes that have resulted in a more engaged program.

Editorial Preparing for an uncertain future with climate smart agriculture by Karen Ross, Secretary, California Department of Food and Agriculture C alifornia is the nation’s leading agricultural state, with 76,400 farms producing more than 400 commodities with a farm-gate value of $54 billion. The mission of the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) is to promote and protect agriculture. It’s a complex job — and one that is getting more complex as the climate changes. Karen Ross sustainability, build resilience to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions: The State Water Efficiency and Enhancement Program (SWEEP) is an emergency drought program imple- mented at the direction of Gov. Jerry Brown to assist farmers in moving to efficient water irrigation systems that save water, conserve energy and reduce green- house gas emissions. To date, SWEEP has funded 233 projects totaling almost $18 million with $10.5 mil- lion in matching grower funds. The program is built With the current drought in its fourth year, on a strong scientific foundation and supported by a California has already started to experience some of collaborative partnership involving other agencies, the anticipated impacts of climate change. resource conservation districts, the California State With drought, we have seen economic University (CSU) system and UC ANR Cooperative losses including job losses, fallowed land, Extension (UCCE). The academic institutions play and greater demand for a limited amount a key role in providing technical evaluations of ap- of water. A concerted approach is ur- plications for water savings and reductions in energy gently needed to prepare California agri- consumption. culture for future climate change impacts. The Dairy Digester Research and Development One essential approach is embracing Program, launched in 2014, provides incentives for and implementing the concept of climate dairy operations to install manure digesters. Digesters smart agriculture. capture methane from dairy lagoons, allowing the gas Practicing climate smart agriculture to be used to generate electricity. Methane is a short- means following three principles: de- lived climate pollutant that is 28 times more potent veloping agricultural systems that are as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. In 2015, resilient to climate change; reducing CDFA awarded $11.1 million for the development of greenhouse gas emissions from agricul- five digesters at California dairies. Matching funds by ture; and preparing for climate change in a way that developers totaling $19 million were allocated to these keeps farms productive and profitable. projects. The digester program is supported by several I heard a lot about climate smart agriculture during scientific experts from the University of California a recent visit to the Netherlands with a delegation of as well as a technical advisory sub-committee. The agricultural leaders from California. The Netherlands program highlights the many opportunities to use ag- is a leading agriculture distributor in Europe and the ricultural byproducts for multiple benefits, including world’s second largest (after the United States) agri- the generation of electricity. cultural exporter. Climate smart agriculture is already strongly integrated into Dutch economic and food se- curity strategies. Our delegation not only heard about the threats from higher precipitation, but also about how overly dry conditions in the summer threaten the stability of peat dikes, which dry up to the point that they may simply float away, compromising the levee structure in a region where most of the land is below sea level. In California we can prepare for such multi-faceted impacts through our own climate smart agricul- ture initiatives. At CDFA, we have a variety of pro- grams and efforts underway to support agricultural 4 CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE • VOLUME 70 , NUMBER 1 Evett Kilmartin More-efficient irrigation technologies — like this drip system in an almond orchard in Yolo County — save water, conserve energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

This report, supported by the energy sector management assistance program (ESMAP), applies the tool for the rapid assessment of city energy (TRACE) to examine energy use in León, México. This study is one of three requested and conducted in 2013 by the World Bank Latin America and the Caribbean energy unit to begin a dialogue on energy efficiency (EE) potential in Latin America and Caribbean cities. In Puebla and León, TRACE helped the Mexican Secretary of Energy (SENER) develop an urban EE strategy. TRACE is a simple, practical tool for making rapid assessments of municipal energy use. It helps prioritize sectors that have the potential to save significant amounts of energy and identifies appropriate EE measures in six sectors - transport, municipal buildings, wastewater, streetlights, solid waste, and power and heat. Globally, the six are often managed by the cities which have substantial influence over public utility services. The study looked at six areas to determine the three that have the greatest savings potential and where the city has a significant degree of control: streetlights, solid waste, and municipal buildings.

This report explores the potential financing mechanism options that can be employed to catalyze more private sector investment in clean energy (renewable energy and energy efficiency) in the small island developing states (SIDS). Various financial instruments that have been used successfully to date are described and placed in the context of the issues and constraints of the SIDS, with suggested options for discussion and follow up. Green infrastructure finance, as defined in the report, makes the important point that is the combination of financial and nonfinancial interventions and instruments that can make green investments in infrastructure more affordable and less risky to private sponsors, financial markets, and governments. The objective of this report is to identify and assess options that can help increase investment in renewable energy and energy efficiency in SIDS through the adoption and funding of financing mechanisms by SIDS and development partners with special attention given to the role that the private sector can play. Many renewable energy technologies are characterized by high initial capital costs with relatively low operating costs compared to thermal alternatives. By providing an analysis of options for a financing facility to catalyze renewable energy and energy efficiency, this work is intended to inform the discussions among SIDS and development partners interested in actions to stimulate investment in renewable energy and energy efficiency. This report summarizes the results of the two stages. The assessment and selection of options identifies a number of measures that will be needed to stimulate increased private sector participation - project sponsors and developers, equity funds, lending institutions - for energy efficiency and renewable energy. The background material reviewed for this report has been summarized in the annexes.

Nonfarm sector development in rural Ethiopia is central to generating employment and income and thereby reducing poverty. The improved investment climate could facilitate investments in farm and nonfarm sectors by contributing directly and indirectly to the generation of additional employment for women and men. Ethiopia Industrial Development Strategy 2003 involved efforts to create an enabling environment for the private sector to be a driving force for economic development. The sectoral focus of the strategy is on the development of agro-based industries and on strengthening nonfarm sector. The sustainable support system for rural women entrepreneurs is based on five main components: (i) women's economic empowerment, (ii) market development, (iii) access to markets, (iv) business management support services, and (v) access to credit. Necessary conditions to support nonfarm economic activities, such as physical market development, feeder roads, and transport, will also benefit agriculture and create a virtuous circle of increasing farm and nonfarm income. Women are more likely to be involved in and benefit from nonfarm enterprise activities. Although the system proposed could be targeted at men and women, women could be the main beneficiaries of the support system. This sustainable system is new and innovative in directly supporting the rural poor and women by building the capacity of entrepreneurs and supporting institutions linked to the existing projects. This system may derive maximum synergy effects by integrating with the Agricultural Growth Project (AGP) and the Household Assets Building Program (HABP) of the Productive Safety Nets Project (PSNP) in a complementary relationship.

School boards, a regional college, a regional library system and a public library collaborated on a project with matching funds from the federal government resulting in increased access to French materials for public library patrons and teachers.

Background In 2007, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) launched the NCI Community Cancer Centers Program (NCCCP) as a public-private partnership with community hospitals with a goal of advancing cancer care and research. In order to leverage federal dollars in a time of limited resources, matching funds from each participating hospital were required. The purpose of this paper is to examine hospitals’ level of and rationale for co-investment in this partnership, and whether there is an association between hospitals’ co-investment and achievement of strategic goals. Methods Analysis using a comparative case study and micro-cost data was conducted as part of a comprehensive evaluation of the NCCCP pilot to determine the level of co-investment made in support of NCI’s goals. In-person or telephone interviews with key informants were conducted at 10 participating hospital and system sites during the first and final years of implementation. Micro-cost data were collected annually from each site from 2007 to 2010. Self-reported data from each awardee are presented on patient volume and physician counts, while secondary data are used to examine the local Medicare market share. Results The rationale expressed by interviewees for participation in a public-private partnership with NCI included expectations of increased market share, higher patient volumes, and enhanced opportunities for cancer physician recruitment as a result of affiliation with the NCI. On average, hospitals invested resources into the NCCCP at a level exceeding $3 for every $1 of federal funds. Six sites experienced a statistically significant change in their Medicare market share. Cancer patient volume increased by as much as one-third from Year 1 to Year 3 for eight of the sites. Nine sites reported an increase in key cancer physician recruitment. Conclusions Demonstrated investments in cancer care and research were associated with increases in cancer patient volume and perhaps in recruitment of key cancer physicians, but not in increased Medicare market share. Although the results reflect a small sample of hospitals, findings suggest that hospital executives believe there to be a strategic case for a public-private partnership as demonstrated through the NCCCP, which leveraged federal funds to support mutual goals for advancing cancer care and research.