98 results on '"MacGibbon, P."'
Search Results
2. Variations in HIV Prevention Coverage in Subpopulations of Australian Gay and Bisexual Men, 2017–2021: Implications for Reducing Inequities in the Combination Prevention Era
- Author
-
Holt, Martin, Chan, Curtis, Broady, Timothy R., MacGibbon, James, Mao, Limin, Smith, Anthony K. J., Rule, John, and Bavinton, Benjamin R.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The Implications of PrEP Use, Condom Use, and Partner Viral Load Status for Openness to Serodifferent Partnering Among US Sexual Minority Men (SMM)
- Author
-
Kalwicz, David A., Rao, Sharanya, Modrakovic, Djordje X., Zea, Maria Cecilia, Dovidio, John F., Eaton, Lisa A., Holt, Martin, MacGibbon, James, Zaheer, Myra A., Garner, Alex, and Calabrese, Sarah K.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The Potential Role of Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U) in Reducing HIV Stigma among Sexual Minority Men in the US
- Author
-
Calabrese, Sarah K., Kalwicz, David A., Zaheer, Myra A., Dovidio, John F., Garner, Alex, Zea, Maria Cecilia, Treloar, Carla, Holt, Martin, Smith, Anthony K. J., MacGibbon, James, Modrakovic, Djordje X., Rao, Sharanya, and Eaton, Lisa A.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. GDF15 linked to maternal risk of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy
- Author
-
Fejzo, M., Rocha, N., Cimino, I., Lockhart, S. M., Petry, C. J., Kay, R. G., Burling, K., Barker, P., George, A. L., Yasara, N., Premawardhena, A., Gong, S., Cook, E., Rimmington, D., Rainbow, K., Withers, D. J., Cortessis, V., Mullin, P. M., MacGibbon, K. W., Jin, E., Kam, A., Campbell, A., Polasek, O., Tzoneva, G., Gribble, F. M., Yeo, G. S. H., Lam, B. Y. H., Saudek, V., Hughes, I. A., Ong, K. K., Perry, J. R. B., Sutton Cole, A., Baumgarten, M., Welsh, P., Sattar, N., Smith, G. C. S., Charnock-Jones, D. S., Coll, A. P., Meek, C. L., Mettananda, S., Hayward, C., Mancuso, N., and O’Rahilly, S.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. 'Milk on Ice': A detailed analysis of Ernest Shackleton's century-old whole milk powder in comparison with modern counterparts
- Author
-
Justin G. Bendall, Abraham S. Chawanji, Bertram Y. Fong, Paul Andrewes, Lin Ma, Alastair K.H. MacGibbon, and Skelte G. Anema
- Subjects
Ernest Shackleton ,Antarctica ,whole milk powder ,spray dried ,roller dried ,Dairy processing. Dairy products ,SF250.5-275 ,Dairying ,SF221-250 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: Whole milk powder (WMP) manufactured in New Zealand in 1907 was sent to the Antarctic continent with the Shackleton-led British Antarctic Expedition from 1907 to 1909. This powder was stored at ambient conditions at Shackleton's Hut at Cape Royds, Antarctica, for over 100 yr before a sample was collected on behalf of Fonterra by the Antarctic Heritage Trust. Having spent most of its existence both dried and in frozen storage, any deleterious reactions within the WMP would have been markedly retarded. The composition and some properties of the roller-dried Shackleton's WMP are reported along with those of 2 modern spray-dried New Zealand WMP. The Shackleton powder was less white and more yellow than the modern WMP and was composed of flakes rather than agglomerated particles, consistent with that expected of a roller-dried powder. Headspace analysis showed lipolytic and oxidative volatile compounds were present in the Shackleton WMP, indicting some deterioration of the milk either before powder manufacture or on storage of the finished product. On a moisture-free basis, the Shackleton WMP had higher protein, higher fat (with a markedly higher free fat level), higher ash, and a lower lactose level than the modern WMP. The lysine level was lower in the Shackleton WMP compared with the spray-dried powders, whereas the fatty acid composition was relatively similar. The sodium level was markedly higher in the Shackleton WMP compared with the spray-dried powder, which is probably due to the addition of an alkaline sodium salt to adjust the pH of the milk before roller drying. Lead, iron, and tin levels were markedly higher in the Shackleton WMP compared with the spray-dried powders, possibly due to the equipment used in powder manufacture and the tin-plated cases used for storage. The proteins in the Shackleton WMP were more lactosylated than in the spray-dried powders. The Shackleton WMP had a higher ratio of κ-casein A to B variants and a higher ratio of β-lactoglobulin B to A variants than the spray-dried powders, whereas the αS1-casein, β-casein, αS2-casein, and α-lactalbumin protein variants were similar in all powders. The total phospholipid content was markedly lower in the Shackleton WMP than the spray-dried powders, primarily due to a lower phosphatidylethanolamine concentration. The molecular species distributions within the phospholipid classes were generally similar in the 3 powders. Claims are sometimes encountered that the milk of today is different from that consumed by previous generations. However, this comparative study has shown that the Shackleton WMP was generally similar to modern WMP. Although differences in some components and properties were observed, these were attributable to the manufacturing equipment and processes used in the pioneering years of WMP manufacture.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Engaging Stigmatised Communities in Australia with Digital Health Systems: Towards Data Justice in Public Health
- Author
-
Smith, Anthony K J, Davis, Mark D. M., MacGibbon, James, Broady, Timothy R., Ellard, Jeanne, Rule, John, Cook, Teddy, Duck-Chong, Elizabeth, Holt, Martin, and Newman, Christy E.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Milk Fat Globule Membrane Is Associated with Lower Blood Lipid Levels in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
- Author
-
Alexander P. Kanon, Sarah J. Spies, Alastair K. H. MacGibbon, and Maher Fuad
- Subjects
MFGM ,milk phospholipids ,blood lipid ,cholesterol ,gangliosides ,metabolic health ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with dyslipidemia being a significant risk factor. This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of bovine dairy-derived milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) supplementation on blood lipid profiles in adults. A systematic search was conducted across various databases up until March 2024, resulting in the inclusion of 6 trials with a total of 464 participants. The findings indicated that MFGM phospholipid supplementation may significantly reduce total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. A combined analysis of the effects on TC, LDL, and triglycerides (TG) revealed a significant overall reduction in these markers. However, no significant increase or reduction was observed on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and TG levels. Overall, MFGM phospholipid intake may significantly decrease the level of TC and LDL, while no significant changes in TG and HDL were observed. These results suggest that MFGM supplementation could be a promising dietary intervention for improving lipid profiles in adults. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to confirm these results and to better understand the potential variability in the impact of MFGM on blood lipid levels.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Assessing HIV risk and the social and behavioural characteristics of gay and bisexual men who have recently migrated to Australia: an analysis of national, behavioural surveillance data 2019–2021
- Author
-
Simin Yu, Benjamin R. Bavinton, Curtis Chan, James MacGibbon, Limin Mao, Daniel Vujcich, Timothy R. Broady, and Martin Holt
- Subjects
gay and bisexual men ,HIV prevention ,HIV testing ,men who have sex with men ,migrant ,pre‐exposure prophylaxis ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Overseas‐born gay and bisexual men (GBM) are overrepresented in HIV diagnoses in Australia. We assessed social and sexual behaviours, and the use of HIV prevention and testing, by region of birth and length of residence in Australia. We sought to identify similarities and differences between recently arrived and non‐recently arrived GBM from non‐English‐speaking countries to improve targeting and engagement with HIV testing and prevention. Methods: Data were collected in national repeated, behavioural surveillance surveys conducted across Australia during 2019–2021. Logistic regression was used to identify factors that differentiated between recently arrived (
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Explicit Relationship Agreements and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use by Gay and Bisexual Men in Relationships
- Author
-
MacGibbon, James, Bavinton, Benjamin R., Drysdale, Kerryn, Murphy, Dean, Broady, Timothy R., Kolstee, Johann, Molyneux, Angus, Power, Cherie, Paynter, Heath, de Wit, John, and Holt, Martin
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Adjusting Behavioural Surveillance and Assessing Disparities in the Impact of COVID-19 on Gay and Bisexual Men’s HIV-Related Behaviour in Australia
- Author
-
Holt, Martin, Chan, Curtis, Broady, Timothy R., Mao, Limin, MacGibbon, James, Rule, John, Wilcock, Ben, Prestage, Garrett, and Bavinton, Benjamin R.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Labor trafficking in marijuana production: a hidden epidemic in the shadows of the cannabis industry
- Author
-
Jaya Prakash, Timothy B. Erickson, Marti MacGibbon, and Hanni Stoklosa
- Subjects
human trafficking ,labor trafficking ,cannabis ,occupational health ,forced labor ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 - Abstract
Labor trafficking in marijuana production remains a concealed epidemic within the expanding cannabis industry. This abstract brings attention to the systemic exploitation of vulnerable individuals engaged in cultivating, harvesting, and processing cannabis. It explores the factors contributing to labor trafficking, including demand for cheap labor, inadequate regulation, and the vulnerability of the workforce. By compiling published cases, both in peer-reviewed literature and the media, this perspective piece investigates the extent of health issues experienced by labor-trafficked victims. These include chronic pain from repetitive tasks, respiratory problems due to exposure to pesticides and other toxic substances, musculoskeletal injuries, malnutrition, and mental health disorders stemming from trauma and extreme stress. Additionally, this perspective article examines the factors contributing to poor health outcomes of labor-trafficked victims, including hazardous working conditions, lack of access to healthcare, and physical and psychological abuse. Addressing the health challenges faced by labor-trafficked victims in the cannabis industry requires multidimensional solutions: awareness among healthcare providers, comprehensive medical services, and mental health support. Furthermore, collaborative efforts among government agencies, healthcare providers, labor organizations, and the cannabis industry are essential in preventing trafficking and addressing the health disparities faced by labor-trafficked victims.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. A Study of Milk Composition and Coagulation Properties of Holstein-Friesian, Jersey, and Their Cross Milked Once or Twice a Day
- Author
-
Inthujaa Sanjayaranj, Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos, Hugh T. Blair, Patrick W. M. Janssen, Stephen E. Holroyd, and Alastair K. H. MacGibbon
- Subjects
breed ,cow ,curd firming ,milk composition ,milking frequency ,milking time ,Dairy processing. Dairy products ,SF250.5-275 - Abstract
The objective of the study was to explore the effect of breed on the composition and coagulation properties (rennet coagulation time (min), curd firming rate (min), and curd firmness (mm)) of milk from cows milked once a day or twice a day in the morning and afternoon, using a Formagraph. Thirty cows (11 Holstein-Friesian, 8 Holstein-Friesian × Jersey cross, and 11 Jersey) from a once-a-day milking herd and thirty cows (16 Holstein-Friesian, 10 Holstein-Friesian × Jersey cross, and 4 Jersey) from a twice-a-day milking herd were sampled in late lactation. The milk composition and coagulation properties were analysed for each milk sample. Jersey cows had better milk coagulation properties at each milking frequency-milking time compared to Holstein-Friesian cows. Curd firmness 30 min after the addition of rennet was positively (p < 0.05) correlated with the protein concentration. However, the correlations were inconsistent between milking frequencies and milking times, resulting in poor prediction of the changes in cheese-making potential. This study indicated that milk composition and coagulation properties were affected by breed and milking frequency. The effect of the breed could be due to the variation in the composition of the milk, but firm recommendations were hampered by a low number of samples. Further research with larger cow numbers is justified.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake and Hesitancy in a National Sample of Australian Gay and Bisexual Men
- Author
-
Holt, Martin, MacGibbon, James, Bavinton, Benjamin, Broady, Timothy, Clackett, Shawn, Ellard, Jeanne, Kolstee, Johann, Molyneux, Angus, Murphy, Dean, Power, Cherie, and de Wit, John
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Effect of Breed on the Fatty Acid Composition of Milk from Dairy Cows Milked Once and Twice a Day in Different Stages of Lactation
- Author
-
Inthujaa Sanjayaranj, Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos, Hugh T. Blair, Patrick W. M. Janssen, Stephen E. Holroyd, and Alastair K. H. MacGibbon
- Subjects
breed ,dairy cattle ,fatty acid ,milking frequency ,New Zealand ,stage of lactation ,Dairy processing. Dairy products ,SF250.5-275 - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of breed on the overall composition and fatty acid composition of milk from cows milked once a day (OAD) and twice a day (TAD) in different stages of lactation. Milk samples were taken from 39 Holstein-Friesian (F), 27 Jersey (J), and 34 Holstein-Friesian × Jersey (F × J) crossbred cows from a OAD milking herd and 104 F and 83 F × J cows from a TAD milking herd in early (49 ± 15 days in milk), mid (129 ± 12 days in milk), and late (229 ± 13 days in milk) lactation. Calibration equations to predict the concentrations of individual fatty acids were developed using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy. There was a significant interaction between breed within the milking frequency and stage of lactation for the production traits and composition traits. Holstein-Friesian cows milked OAD produced milk with lower concentrations of C18:0 in early and mid lactations compared to F × J and J cows. Holstein-Friesian cows milked TAD produced lower concentrations of C18:0 in early lactation and lower concentrations of C16:0 and C18:0 in late lactation compared to F × J. Lower concentrations of these fatty acids would reduce the hardness of the butter when the milk is processed. In the OAD milking herd, F cows were superior for daily milk yield compared to J cows, but Jersey cows produced significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentages of fat and a higher concentration of C18:0 fatty acid. The relative concentrations of C18:0 and C18 cis-9 in F and J cows milked OAD imply there is no breed effect on the activity of delta-9-desaturase, whereas stages of lactation likely have an effect. These results can be used to assist with selecting breeds and cows that are suitable for either OAD or TAD milking, allowing closer alignment with milk processing needs.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Knowledge of Australia’s My Health Record and factors associated with opting out: Results from a national survey of the Australian general population and communities affected by HIV and sexually transmissible infections
- Author
-
Martin Holt, James MacGibbon, Anthony K. J. Smith, Timothy R. Broady, Mark D. M. Davis, and Christy E. Newman
- Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Abstract
My Health Record is Australia’s national, digital, personal health record system. All Australians have a record in the system unless they choose to opt out of it. Concerns about privacy, security and unwanted sharing of data, particularly in marginalised populations, may impede its use. We conducted a national, online survey of Australians’ attitudes to digital health in April-June 2020. The sample (N = 2,240) was recruited from the general population and four priority populations affected by HIV and other sexually transmissible infections: gay and bisexual men, people living with HIV, sex workers, and trans and gender diverse people. This analysis assesses factors associated with greater knowledge of My Health Record and the likelihood of opting out of the system. Due to increased concerns about data privacy and misuse, we hypothesised that priority population members would know more about and be more likely to opt out of the system. We found that most of the sample (71.2%) knew little about My Health Record and 29.4% had opted out of the system. Greater knowledge of My Health Record was associated with younger age, having a university degree, having one or more health conditions, and being trans or gender diverse. Being a student, unemployed, receiving government benefits, or having poor self-reported health, were associated with less knowledge. Opting out of My Health Record was associated with having a university degree, one or more health conditions, and being a priority population member. The likelihood of opting out was lower among people born overseas, residents of Queensland, and people who were students, unemployed, or receiving government benefits. We recommend additional investment in community-based education to address people’s concerns about My Health Record and support people to use the system without compromising their health care, privacy, or security. Opting out may be a legitimate choice for people who perceive more risks than benefits from the system. Author summary My Health Record is Australia’s national personal health record system. Concerns about data privacy, security, and misuse have affected engagement with the system. Members of communities affected by bloodborne viruses and sexually transmissible infections may have increased concerns about sharing personal health information due to stigma and discrimination. In 2020, we surveyed the Australian public and members of communities affected by HIV and sexually transmissible infections about their engagement with digital health systems like My Health Record. We found low levels of knowledge of My Health Record and over a quarter of the sample had opted out of the system. Those in more challenging circumstances (e.g. people who were unemployed, receiving government benefits, or who had poor self-reported health), knew less about My Health Record. Participants who had opted out of My Health Record were more likely to have a university degree, one or more health conditions, or to be a member of a community affected by HIV or sexually transmissible infections. These results are concerning, given that My Health Record is supposed to improve health care, particularly for people with chronic health conditions and members of marginalised communities. We recommend investment in community education to address concerns with the My Health Record system. Opting out or deleting one’s record is understandable for people who perceive more risks than benefits from the system.
- Published
- 2023
17. Pregnant, miserable, and starving in 21st century America
- Author
-
Marlena S. Fejzo, PhD, Kimber W. MacGibbon, RN, and Katherine L. Wisner, MD, MS
- Subjects
hyperemesis gravidarum ,nausea ,pregnancy ,vomiting ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 - Abstract
Severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is too common and devastating to be trivialized any longer. Authors of recent studies observed that children exposed in utero to severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy had an increased risk for autism spectrum disorder, a decreased brain cortical volume, and developmental deficits. Research on severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum has been disturbingly slow. It was not until 2021 that an international consensus definition was published. Hyperemesis gravidarum starts before 16 weeks’ gestation, is characterized by severe nausea with or without vomiting and an inability to eat and drink normally, and greatly limits daily activities. Maternal misery is caused by unrelenting nausea, intractable retching or vomiting, ptyalism, dehydration, reflux, malnutrition, and social isolation. Hyperemesis gravidarum is the second most common reason for hospitalization in pregnancy. Symptoms can persist until delivery in one-third of individuals who experience extreme weight loss. Significant associations have been identified between hyperemesis gravidarum and multiple adverse outcomes. Maternal deaths owing to hyperemesis gravidarum continue to be reported, and hyperemesis gravidarum is associated with high fetal loss and termination rates. These grim findings highlight the critical public health importance of treating severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy early to mitigate serious complications that compromise maternal and offspring health during pregnancy and beyond. Despite suffering extreme debility, individuals with hyperemesis gravidarum report feeling that their experiences were dismissed by healthcare professionals, contributing to therapeutic termination, suicidal ideation, perinatal depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Hyperemesis gravidarum must be recognized early and treated aggressively with frequent monitoring. Although medications can be effective in reducing symptoms, many patients do not gain adequate relief, and new treatments are needed. A promising new avenue for treatment comes from genetic discoveries. The gene, growth differentiation factor-15, which codes for a nausea and vomiting hormone produced by the placenta, is the greatest genetic risk factor for hyperemesis gravidarum, and therapies are currently in clinical trials in cancer. However, until treatment is universally effective, abortion access must be available for refractory hyperemesis gravidarum. Herein, we emphasize data published since the most recent American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology report (2018), such as long-term neuropsychiatric consequences in offspring exposed to hyperemesis gravidarum and suggest interventions anticipated to prevent progression of early symptoms to hyperemesis gravidarum.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Fatty Acid Composition of Dairy Milk: A Case Study Comparing Once- and Twice-a-Day Milking of Pasture-Fed Cows at Different Stages of Lactation
- Author
-
Inthujaa Sanjayaranj, Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos, Hugh T. Blair, Patrick W. M. Janssen, Stephen E. Holroyd, and Alastair K. H. MacGibbon
- Subjects
fatty acid ,milk composition ,milking frequency ,stage of lactation ,dairy cow ,New Zealand ,Dairy processing. Dairy products ,SF250.5-275 - Abstract
In this case study, we compared the gross composition and fatty acid (FA) composition of milk from cows milked once a day (OAD) and twice a day (TAD) at different stages of lactation in real farm conditions with no control on feed. Seventy-two cows from a OAD milking herd and 181 cows from a TAD milking herd were sampled in early, mid and late lactation. Calibration equations were developed to enable the prediction of proportions of individual FAs using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy. Cows milked OAD produced 25% lower daily milk yield (MY) compared to cows milked TAD. Percentages of fat and protein were 21% and 9% higher in cows milked OAD compared to cows milked TAD, respectively. The proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (molecules with unbranched hydrocarbon chains and all single bonds) was significantly lower, while the proportions of de novo synthesised FAs from C8:0 to C14:0 were significantly higher, in cows milked OAD compared to cows milked TAD. OAD milking improved the energy balance of cows, which led to higher proportions of de novo synthesised FAs and lower proportions of long-chain fatty acids (16:0 and above). The proportion of SFA was significantly higher in mid lactation (ML) compared to early lactation (EL) and late lactation (LL) in cows milked OAD and TAD. In EL, the proportions of C4:0 to C12:0 FAs in cows milked OAD were significantly higher compared to the cows milked TAD due to the improved energy status of cows milked OAD. Understanding the proportions of individual FAs in cows milked OAD and TAD will enable further studies on milk fat characteristics and on butter hardness and coagulation properties of milk.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Influence of Casein and Milk Phospholipid Emulsifiers on the Digestion and Self-Assembled Structures of Milk Lipids
- Author
-
Malinda Salim, Alastair K. H. MacGibbon, Cameron J. Nowell, Andrew J. Clulow, and Ben J. Boyd
- Subjects
milk ,lipids ,casein ,milk phospholipids ,emulsifiers ,digestion ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Interfacial compositions of fat globules modulate the digestion behaviour of milk triglycerides in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby affecting lipid metabolism and delivery of nutrients. In this study, we aim to understand the impact of emulsifiers on lipid digestibility and the self-assembled liquid crystal structures formed by anhydrous milk fat (AMF) during digestion. AMF was emulsified with casein and milk phospholipids, and digestion was performed in both gastric and small intestinal conditions to account for changes at the oil/water interface following enzymatic digestion in the gastric phase. Small angle X-ray scattering was used to characterise the self-assembled structures of the digestion products, while coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy was utilised to probe changes in lipid distribution at the single droplet level during digestion. Our findings confirmed that emulsifiers play a key role in the digestion of AMF. Milk phospholipids exhibited a protective effect on milk triglycerides against pancreatic lipase digestion by slowing digestion, but this effect was slightly negated in emulsions pre-digested under gastric conditions. The overall types of liquid crystal structures formed after digestion of casein- and milk phospholipids-emulsified AMF were comparable to commercial bovine milk irrespective of gastric pre-treatment. However, emulsification of AMF with milk phospholipids resulted in changes in the microstructures of the liquid crystal phases, suggesting potential interactions between the digested products of the fat globules and milk phospholipids. This study highlights the importance of emulsifiers in regulating lipid digestion behaviour and lipid self-assembly during digestion.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Changes in Sexual Behaviour Following PrEP Initiation Among Australian Gay and Bisexual Men in Relationships: Results from a Prospective Observational Study
- Author
-
Bavinton, Benjamin R., Hammoud, Mohamed A., Holt, Martin, Saxton, Peter, Bourne, Adam, MacGibbon, James, Jin, Fengyi, Maher, Lisa, and Prestage, Garrett P.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. A Diet Enriched with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Milk Fat Globule Membrane Alters the Gut Microbiota and Decreases Amygdala GABA a Receptor Expression in Stress-Sensitive Rats
- Author
-
Julie E. Dalziel, Gosia Zobel, Hilary Dewhurst, Charlotte Hurst, Trent Olson, Raquel Rodriguez-Sanchez, Louise Mace, Nabil Parkar, Caroline Thum, Rina Hannaford, Karl Fraser, Alastair MacGibbon, Shalome A. Bassett, James Dekker, Rachel C. Anderson, and Wayne Young
- Subjects
gut–brain axis ,neurotransmitter ,behaviour ,lipid ,stress ,anxiety ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Brain signalling pathways involved in subclinical anxiety and depressed mood can be modulated via the gut brain axis (GBA), providing the potential for diet and dietary components to affect mood. We investigated behavioural, physiological and gut microbiome responses to the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain HN001 (LactoB HN001™), which has been shown to reduce postpartum anxiety and depression, and a milk fat globule membrane-enriched product, Lipid 70 (SurestartTM MFGM Lipid 70), which has been implicated in memory in stress-susceptible Wistar Kyoto rats. We examined behaviour in the open field, elevated plus maze and novel object recognition tests in conjunction with the expression of host genes in neuro-signalling pathways, and we also assessed brain lipidomics. Treatment-induced alterations in the caecal microbiome and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles were also assessed. Neither ingredient induced behavioural changes or altered the brain lipidome (separately or when combined). However, with regard to brain gene expression, the L. rhamnosus HN001 + Lipid 70 combination produced a synergistic effect, reducing GABAA subunit expression in the amygdala (Gabre, Gat3, Gabrg1) and hippocampus (Gabrd). Treatment with L. rhamnosus HN001 alone altered expression of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (Grm4) in the amygdala but produced only minor changes in gut microbiota composition. In contrast, Lipid 70 alone did not alter brain gene expression but produced a significant shift in the gut microbiota profile. Under the conditions used, there was no observed effect on rat behaviour for the ingredient combination. However, the enhancement of brain gene expression by L. rhamnosus HN001 + Lipid 70 implicates synergistic actions on region-specific neural pathways associated with fear, anxiety, depression and memory. A significant shift in the gut microbiota profile also occurred that was mainly attributable to Lipid 70.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the DGAT1 Gene with the Fatty Acid Composition of Cows Milked Once and Twice a Day
- Author
-
Inthujaa Sanjayaranj, Alastair K. H. MacGibbon, Stephen E. Holroyd, Patrick W. M. Janssen, Hugh T. Blair, and Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos
- Subjects
dairy cattle ,DGAT1 ,fatty acids ,milking frequency ,SNP genotype ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs109421300 of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) on bovine chromosome 14 is associated with fat yield, fat percentage, and protein percentage. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SNP rs109421300 on production traits and the fatty acid composition of milk from cows milked once a day (OAD) and twice a day (TAD) under New Zealand grazing conditions. Between September 2020 and March 2021, 232 cows from a OAD herd and 182 cows from a TAD herd were genotyped. The CC genotype of SNP rs109421300 was associated with significantly (p < 0.05) higher fat yield, fat percentage, and protein percentage, and lower milk and protein yields in both milking frequencies. The CC genotype was also associated with significantly (p < 0.05) higher proportions of C16:0 and C18:0, higher predicted solid fat content at 10 °C (SFC10), and lower proportions of C4:0 and C18:1 cis-9 in both milking frequencies. The association of SNP with fatty acids was similar in both milking frequencies, with differences in magnitudes. The SFC10 of cows milked OAD was lower than cows milked TAD for all three SNP genotypes suggesting the suitability of OAD milk for producing easily spreadable butter. These results demonstrate that selecting cows with the CC genotype is beneficial for New Zealand dairy farmers with the current payment system, however, this would likely result in less spreadable butter.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Gay Men’s Relationship Agreements in the Era of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: An Analysis of Australian Behavioural Surveillance Data
- Author
-
MacGibbon, James, Broady, Timothy, Drysdale, Kerryn, Bavinton, Benjamin, Lee, Evelyn, Mao, Limin, Prestage, Garrett, and Holt, Martin
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. How Male Sex Workers and Their Clients Shifted from Reluctance About HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis to Advocating for Its Use: A Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study
- Author
-
MacGibbon, James, Minichiello, Victor, Prestage, Garrett, Bell, Stephen, Cox, Cameron, Donovan, Basil, and Callander, Denton
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Impacts of Formula Supplemented with Milk Fat Globule Membrane on the Neurolipidome of Brain Regions of Piglets
- Author
-
Karl Fraser, Leigh Ryan, Ryan N. Dilger, Kelly Dunstan, Kelly Armstrong, Jason Peters, Hedley Stirrat, Neill Haggerty, Alastair K. H. MacGibbon, James Dekker, Wayne Young, and Nicole C. Roy
- Subjects
infant formula ,milk fat globule membrane ,piglets ,brain ,lipidome ,cerebellum ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) appears to play an important role in infant neurocognitive development; however, its mechanism(s) of action remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of a dietary MFGM supplement on the lipid profiles of different neonatal brain regions. Ten-day-old male piglets (4–5 kg) were fed unsupplemented infant formula (control, n = 7) or an infant formula supplemented with low (4%) or high (8%) levels of MFGM (n = 8 each) daily for 21 days. Piglets were then euthanized, and brain tissues were sectioned. Untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry lipidomics was performed on the cerebellum, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and the rest of the brain. The analyses identified 271 and 171 lipids using positive and negative ionization modes, respectively, spanning 16 different lipid classes. MFGM consumption did not significantly alter the lipidome in most brain regions, regardless of dose, compared to the control infant formula. However, 16 triacylglyceride species were increased in the hippocampus (t-test, p-value < 0.05) of the high-supplemented piglets. Most lipids (262 (96.7%) and 160 (93.6%), respectively) differed significantly between different brain regions (ANOVA, false discovery rate corrected p-value < 0.05) independent of diet. Thus, this study highlighted that dietary MFGM altered lipid abundance in the hippocampus and detected large differences in lipid profiles between neonatal piglet brain regions.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Partnered innovation to implement timely and personalized care: A case study
- Author
-
Enola K. Proctor, Virginia R. McKay, Emre Toker, Thomas M. Maddox, Cole Hooley, Rebecca Lengnick-Hall, Simon MacGibbon, and Bradley Evanoff
- Subjects
Translational research ,innovation ,partnership ,implementation ,personalized care ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background: Understanding how to translate research discoveries into solutions for healthcare improvement is a priority of NIH-funded Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA). This study, supported by one CTSA, aims to capture one process of shaping and implementing innovations to advance the timeliness and patient-centeredness of cardiovascular care. Specifically, we sought to understand a partnership between a private digital health startup company, a university innovation lab, and an academic health system’s cardiology program pursuing this goal. Findings: The collaboration proceeded through clear phases to address the questions and challenges: problem definition, exploration and formalization of the partnership, innovation co-creation and pilot test, and scale-up planning. Phases were punctuated by key decisions, such as forming the partnership, negotiating terms of the partnership, iterating form and features of the innovation, and exploring sufficiency of its value-add for scale-up and sustainment. Key implementation concepts were apparent, including implementation strategies (e.g., champions and iterative trialing) and the implementation outcomes of acceptability, sustainment, and scale-up. Participants identified potential risks of collaboration, reflected on their co-creation process, and the value of engaging stakeholders in innovation design. Findings may inform subsequent collaborations between innovators and translational researchers. Methods: We conducted a case study to understand the partnership; characterize the questions they pursued, their decision points, information and data sources; and identify the challenges and risks. Data were collected through a series of four focus groups with members of each partnering organization. A transdisciplinary research team iteratively worked to condense and synthesize data from audio recorded transcripts into a case narrative.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. A patient–clinician James Lind Alliance partnership to identify research priorities for hyperemesis gravidarum
- Author
-
Catherine Nelson-Piercy, Caitlin R Dean, Rebecca C Painter, Brian Cleary, Roger Gadsby, Patricia Ellis, Hyke Bierma, Ria Clarke, Norah Gauw, Karen Lodge, Kimber MacGibbon, Marian McBride, Deirdre Munro, Margaret O'Hara, Helen Penny, Katherine Shorter, René Spijker, Jone Trovik, and Emma Watford
- Subjects
Medicine - Abstract
Objective There are many uncertainties surrounding the aetiology, treatment and sequelae of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). Prioritising research questions could reduce research waste, helping researchers and funders direct attention to those questions which most urgently need addressing. The HG priority setting partnership (PSP) was established to identify and rank the top 25 priority research questions important to both patients and clinicians.Methods Following the James Lind Alliance (JLA) methodology, an HG PSP steering group was established. Stakeholders representing patients, carers and multidisciplinary professionals completed an online survey to gather uncertainties. Eligible uncertainties related to HG. Uncertainties on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and those on complementary treatments were not eligible. Questions were verified against the evidence. Two rounds of prioritisation included an online ranking survey and a 1-hour consensus workshop.Results 1009 participants (938 patients/carers, 118 professionals with overlap between categories) submitted 2899 questions. Questions originated from participants in 26 different countries, and people from 32 countries took part in the first prioritisation stage. 66 unique questions emerged, which were evidence checked according to the agreed protocol. 65 true uncertainties were narrowed via an online ranking survey to 26 unranked uncertainties. The consensus workshop was attended by 19 international patients and clinicians who reached consensus on the top 10 questions for international researchers to address. More patients than professionals took part in the surveys but were equally distributed during the consensus workshop. Participants from low-income and middle-income countries noted that the priorities may be different in their settings.Conclusions By following the JLA method, a prioritised list of uncertainties relevant to both HG patients and their clinicians has been identified which can inform the international HG research agenda, funders and policy-makers. While it is possible to conduct an international PSP, results from developed countries may not be as relevant in low-income and middle-income countries.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Placenta and appetite genes GDF15 and IGFBP7 are associated with hyperemesis gravidarum
- Author
-
Marlena S. Fejzo, Olga V. Sazonova, J. Fah Sathirapongsasuti, Ingileif B. Hallgrímsdóttir, Vladimir Vacic, Kimber W. MacGibbon, Frederic P. Schoenberg, Nicholas Mancuso, Dennis J. Slamon, Patrick M. Mullin, and andMe Research Team
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of nausea and vomiting associated with unfavourable outcomes during pregnancy. Here, Fejzo et al. perform genome-wide scans for HG and pregnancy nausea and vomiting and identify genetic associations at two loci implicating the genes GDF15 and IGFBP7.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Mpox (monkeypox) knowledge, concern, willingness to change behaviour, and seek vaccination: results of a national cross-sectional survey.
- Author
-
MacGibbon, James, Cornelisse, Vincent J., Smith, Anthony K. J., Broady, Timothy R., Hammoud, Mohamed A., Bavinton, Benjamin R., Heath-Paynter, Dash, Vaughan, Matthew, Wright, Edwina J., and Holt, Martin
- Abstract
Background: In mid-2022, a global mpox (formerly 'monkeypox') outbreak affecting predominantly gay and bisexual men emerged in non-endemic countries. Australia had never previously recorded mpox cases and there was no prior research on knowledge or attitudes to mpox among gay and bisexual men across Australia. Methods: We conducted a national, online cross-sectional survey between August 2022 and September 2022. Participants were recruited through community organisation promotions, online advertising, and direct email invitations. Eligible participants were gay, bisexual or queer; identified as male (cisgender or transgender) or non-binary; aged 16 years or older; and lived in Australia. The main outcome measures were: knowledge and concern about mpox; recognition of mpox symptoms and transmission routes; vaccination history; acceptability of behavioural changes to reduce mpox risk, and willingness to be vaccinated. Results: Of 2287 participants, most participants were male (2189/2287; 95.7%) and gay (1894/2287; 82.8%). Nearly all had heard about mpox (2255/2287; 98.6%), and the majority were concerned about acquiring it (1461/2287; 64.4%). Most of the 2268 participants not previously diagnosed with mpox correctly identified skin lesions (2087; 92%), rash (1977; 87.2%), and fever (1647; 72.6%) as potential symptoms, and prolonged and brief skin-to-skin contact as potential ways to acquire mpox (2124, 93.7%; and 1860, 82%, respectively). The most acceptable behavioural changes were reducing or avoiding attendance at sex parties (1494; 65.9%) and sex-on-premises venues (1503; 66.4%), and having fewer sexual partners (1466; 64.6%). Most unvaccinated and undiagnosed participants were willing to be vaccinated (1457/1733; 84.1%). Conclusions: People at risk of mpox should be supported to adopt acceptable risk reduction strategies during outbreaks and to seek vaccination. Mid-2022 saw a global mpox outbreak among primarily gay and bisexual men. During August–September 2022, we surveyed 2287 gay, bisexual and queer men and non-binary people about their knowledge of mpox, willingness to make behavioural changes, and be vaccinated. Nearly all participants had heard of mpox and most were familiar with common symptoms and transmission routes. We found very high willingness to be vaccinated against mpox but we identified some groups who may benefit from targeted information about vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Effect of Tween Emulsifiers on the Shear Stability of Partially Crystalline Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized By Sodium Caseinate
- Author
-
Fuller, G. Thomas, Considine, Thérèse, MacGibbon, Alastair, Golding, Matt, and Matia-Merino, Lara
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Effects of lipid emulsion particle size on satiety and energy intake: a randomised cross-over trial
- Author
-
Poppitt, Sally D., Budgett, Stephanie C., MacGibbon, Alastair K., Quek, Siew-Young, Kindleysides, Sophie, and Wiessing, Katy R.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology annual scientific meeting 2016
- Author
-
Mohammad A. Alsayegh, Hanan Alshamali, Mousa Khadada, Amanda Ciccolini, Anne K. Ellis, Diana Quint, William Powley, Laurie Lee, Yahya Fiteih, Shairaz Baksh, Harissios Vliagoftis, Sebastien K. Gerega, Brad Millson, Katia Charland, Stephane Barakat, Xichun Sun, Ricardo Jimenez, Susan Waserman, Mark J. FitzGerald, Jacques Hébert, Josiane Cognet-Sicé, Kevin E. Renahan, Saiful Huq, Rishma Chooniedass, Scott Sawyer, Hans Pasterkamp, Allan Becker, Steven G. Smith, Shiyuan Zhang, Kavisha Jayasundara, Claire Tacon, Alex Simidchiev, Gilbert Nadeau, Necdet Gunsoy, Hana Mullerova, Frank Albers, Young Woong Kim, Casey P. Shannon, Amrit Singh, Helen Neighbour, Mark Larché, Scott J. Tebbutt, Annika Klopp, Lorena Vehling, Allan B. Becker, Padmaja Subbarao, Piushkumar J. Mandhane, Stuart E. Turvey, Malcolm R. Sears, Meghan B. Azad, and the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development Study Investigators, Keely Loewen, Barret Monchka, Salaheddin M. Mahmud, Geert ‘t Jong, Cristina Longo, Gillian Bartlett, Francine M. Ducharme, Tibor Schuster, Brenda MacGibbon, Tracie Barnett, Michelle L. North, Jeff Brook, Elizabeth Lee, Vanessa Omana, Jenny Thiele, Lisa M. Steacy, Greg Evans, Miriam Diamond, Gordon L. Sussman, Yann Amistani, Kathy Abiteboul, Mark W. Tenn, ChenXi Yang, Christopher Carlsten, Edward M. Conway, Douglas Mack, Yasmin Othman, Colin M. Barber, Chrystyna Kalicinsky, Andrea E. Burke, Mary Messieh, Parameswaran Nair, Chun T. Che, Lindsay Douglas, Joel Liem, Lucy Duan, Charlotte Miller, Pascale Dupuis, Lori A. Connors, Michael N. Fein, Joseph Shuster, Hani Hadi, Brooke Polk, Nikita Raje, Roxane Labrosse, Philippe Bégin, Louis Paradis, Anne Des Roches, Jonathan Lacombe-Barrios, Sanju Mishra, Gina Lacuesta, Meredith Chiasson, Babar Haroon, Kara Robertson, Thomas Issekutz, Desmond Leddin, Stephen Couban, Lori Connors, Adrienne Roos, Amin Kanani, Edmond S. Chan, Robert Schellenberg, Lana Rosenfield, Anna Cvetkovic, Kevin Woodward, Jaclyn Quirt, Wade T. A. Watson, Edson Castilho, Jennifer A. Sullivan, Beverley Temple, Donna Martin, Victoria E. Cook, Christopher Mills, Elodie Portales-Casamar, Lisa W. Fu, Alexander Ho, Jeffrey Zaltzman, Lucy Chen, Peter Vadas, Sofianne Gabrielli, Ann Clarke, Harley Eisman, Judy Morris, Lawrence Joseph, Sebastien LaVieille, Moshe Ben-Shoshan, François Graham, Charles Barnes, Jay Portnoy, Vincent Stagg, Elinor Simons, Diana Lefebvre, David Dai, Piushkumar Mandhane, Malcolm Sears, Herman Tam, F. Estelle R. Simons, Dhaifallah Alotaibi, Bassel Dawod, Matthew C. Tunis, Jean Marshall, Marylin Desjardins, Marianne Béland, Duncan Lejtenyi, Jean-Phillipe Drolet, Martine Lemire, Christos Tsoukas, Francisco J.D. Noya, Reza Alizadehfar, Christine T. McCusker, Bruce D. Mazer, Danay Maestre-Batlle, Evelyn Gunawan, Christopher F. Rider, Anette K. Bølling, Olga M. Pena, Daniel Suez, Isaac Melamed, Iftikhar Hussain, Mark Stein, Sudhir Gupta, Kenneth Paris, Sandor Fritsch, Christelle Bourgeois, Heinz Leibl, Barbara McCoy, Martin Noel, Leman Yel, Ori Scott, Brenda Reid, Adelle Atkinson, Vy Hong-Diep Kim, Chaim M. Roifman, Eyal Grunebaum, Eiman AlSelahi, Fernando Aleman, Amber Oberle, Mike Trus, Gordon Sussman, Amin S. Kanani, Olivier Chambenoi, Sima Chiva-Razavi, Savannah Grodecki, Nikhil Joshi, Peter Menikefs, David Holt, Teresa Pun, Damian Tworek, Raphael Hanna, Delia Heroux, Elli Rosenberg, Leah Stiemsma, Stuart Turvey, Judah Denburg, Christopher Mill, Timothy Teoh, Preeti Zimmer, Vishal Avinashi, Mihaela Paina, Ahmed A. Darwish Hassan, John Paul Oliveria, Chris Olesovsky, Gail Gauvreau, Linda Pedder, Paul K. Keith, Greg Plunkett, Michelle Bolner, Persia Pourshahnazari, Donald Stark, Kateryna Vostretsova, Andrew Moses, Andrew Wakeman, Alexander Singer, Thomas Gerstner, Elissa Abrams, Sara F. Johnson, and Roberta L. Woodgate
- Subjects
Asthma ,Food Allergy ,Allergic Rhinitis ,Chronic Granulomatous Disease ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Glycosphingolipids in Human Milk and Bovine Milk Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Data-Dependent Acquisition–Mass Spectrometry
- Author
-
Lin Ma, Bertram Y. Fong, Alastair K. H. MacGibbon, and Gillian Norris
- Subjects
high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry ,glucosylceramide ,galactosylceramide ,lactosylceramide ,bovine milk ,human milk ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Cerebrosides (Crb; including glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide) and lactosylceramide (LacCer) are structurally complex lipids found in many eukaryotic cell membranes, where they play important roles in cell growth, apoptosis, cell recognition and signaling. They are also found in mammalian milk as part of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), making milk an important dietary component for the rapidly growing infant. This study reports the development of a robust analytical method for the identification and characterization of 44 Crb and 23 LacCer molecular species in milk, using high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in data-dependent acquisition mode. For the first time, it also compares the distributions of these species in human and bovine milks, a commercial MFGM-enriched dairy ingredient (MFGM Lipid 100) and commercial standards purified from bovine milk. A method for quantifying Crb and LacCer in milk using mass spectrometry in neutral loss scan mode was developed and validated for human milk, bovine milk and MFGM Lipid 100. Human milk was found to contain approximately 9.9–17.4 µg Crb/mL and 1.3–3.0 µg LacCer/mL, whereas bovine milk (pooled milk from a Friesian herd) contained 9.8–12.0 and 14.3–16.2 µg/mL of these lipids, respectively. The process used to produce MFGM Lipid 100 was shown to have enriched these components to 448 and 1036 µg/g, respectively. No significant changes in the concentrations of both Crb and LacCer were observed during lactation.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bovine Milkfat Globule (MFGM)-derived Complex Lipid Fractions
- Author
-
Kate P. Palmano, Alastair K. H. MacGibbon, Caroline A. Gunn, and Linda M. Schollum
- Subjects
MFGM ,phospholipids ,gangliosides ,dairy ,inflammation ,polar lipids ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Numerous health related properties have been reported for bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and its components. Here we present novel data on the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of various MFGM preparations which confirm and extend the concept of MFGM as a dietary anti-inflammatory agent. Cell-based assays were used to test the ability of MFGM preparations to modulate levels of the inflammatory mediators IL-1β, nitric oxide, superoxide anion, cyclo-oxygenase-2, and neutrophil elastase. In rat models of arthritis, using MFGM fractions as dietary interventions, the phospholipid-enriched MFGM isolates were effective in reducing adjuvant-induced paw swelling while there was a tendency for the ganglioside-enriched isolate to reduce carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema. These results indicate that the anti-inflammatory activity of MFGM, rather than residing in a single component, is contributed to by an array of components acting in concert against various inflammatory targets. This confirms the potential of MFGM as a nutritional intervention for the mitigation of chronic and acute inflammatory conditions.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The Importance of Relevance: Willingness to Share eHealth Data for Family Medicine Research
- Author
-
Gillian Bartlett, Brenda Macgibbon, Analia Rubinowicz, Cecilia Nease, Martin Dawes, and Robyn Tamblyn
- Subjects
family practice ,community health services ,secondary data analysis ,patient participation ,informed consent ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Objective: To determine the proportion of family medicine patients unwilling to allow their eHealth data to be used for research purposes, and evaluate how patient characteristics and the relevance of research impact that decision.Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire.Setting: Acute care respiratory clinic or an outpatient family medicine clinic in Montreal, Quebec.Participants: Four hundred seventy-four waiting room patients recruited via convenience sampling.Main Outcome Measures: A self-administered questionnaire collected data on age, gender, employment status, education, mother tongue and perceived health status. The main outcome of was self-reported relevance of three research scenarios and willingness or refusal to share their anonymized data. Responses were compared for family practice vs. specialty care patients.Results: The questionnaire was completed by 229 family medicine respondents and 245 outpatient respondents. Almost a quarter of all respondents felt the research was not relevant. Family medicine patients (15.7%) were unwilling to allow their data to be used for at least one scenario vs. 9.4% in the outpatient clinic. Lack of relevance (OR 11.55; 95% CI 5.12–26.09) and being in family practice (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.06–4.27) increased the likelihood of refusal to share data for research.Conclusion: Family medicine patients were somewhat less willing to share eHealth data, but the overall refusal rate indicates a need to better engage patients in understanding the significance of full access to eHealth data for the purposes of research. Personal relevance of the research had a strong impact on the responses arguing for better efforts to make research more pertinent to patients.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Human Milk Oligosaccharide, Phospholipid, and Ganglioside Concentrations in Breast Milk from United Arab Emirates Mothers: Results from the MISC Cohort
- Author
-
Paul McJarrow, Hadia Radwan, Lin Ma, Alastair K.H. MacGibbon, Mona Hashim, Hayder Hasan, Reyad Shaker Obaid, Farah Naja, Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed, Hessa Al Ghazal, and Bertram Y. Fong
- Subjects
human milk ,human milk oligosaccharides ,phospholipids ,sphingomyelin ,gangliosides ,lc–ms ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), phospholipids (PLs), and gangliosides (GAs) are components of human breast milk that play important roles in the development of the rapidly growing infant. The differences in these components in human milk from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were studied in a cross-sectional trial. High-performance liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry was used to determine HMO, PL, and GA concentrations in transitional (5−15 days) and mature (at 6 months post-partum) breast milk of mothers of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The results showed that the average HMO (12 species), PL (7 species), and GA (2 species) concentrations quantified in the UAE mothers’ transitional milk samples were (in mg/L) 8204 ± 2389, 269 ± 89, and 21.18 ± 11.46, respectively, while in mature milk, the respective concentrations were (in mg/L) 3905 ± 1466, 220 ± 85, and 20.18 ± 9.75. The individual HMO concentrations measured in this study were all significantly higher in transitional milk than in mature milk, except for 3 fucosyllactose, which was higher in mature milk. In this study, secretor and non-secretor phenotype mothers showed no significant difference in the total HMO concentration. For the PL and GA components, changes in the individual PL and GA species distribution was observed between transitional milk and mature milk. However, the changes were within the ranges found in human milk from other regions.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The Impact of Antidepressant Therapy on Glycemic Control in Canadian Primary Care Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
- Author
-
Justin Gagnon, Marie-Thérèse Lussier, Brenda MacGibbon, Stella S. Daskalopoulou, and Gillian Bartlett
- Subjects
diabetes mellitus ,antidepressants ,glycemic control ,primary health care ,cohort studies ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Context: Depression is common in people with diabetes and is associated with poor glycemic control. Evidence suggests that certain antidepressants (AD) increase the risk of poor control. Few population-based studies have examined the impact of individual ADs on glycemic control. This study's objective is to measure the impact of Citalopram, Amitriptyline, Venlafaxine, Trazodone and Escitalopram on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Canadian primary care patients with diabetes.Methods: A retrospective study of electronic medical records (EMR) from 115 primary care practices across Canada was undertaken. Data were obtained from the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN). The sample population comprised 1,084 diabetic patients with 1,127 prescriptions of one of the five selected ADs and with baseline and post-exposure HbA1c measurements. Generalized linear mixed models were computed to estimate the effect of the ADs on HbA1c.Results: Mean HbA1c ratios for Amitriptyline, Venlafaxine, Trazodone and Escitalopram were all numerically lower than Citalopram. The confidence intervals included the minimum detectable effect, however the differences were not statistically significant. The lowest clinically relevant HbA1c ratios, relative to Citalopram, were found in patients prescribed Trazodone and Escitalopram. Accounting for the prescription of Trazodone for indications other than depression, this research suggests that Escitalopram may be safer than Citalopram for people with diabetes and depression, in terms of its effect on blood glucose.Conclusion: This study can inform future research examining the relationship between ADs and blood glucose and provides insight into the limitations pertaining to the use of health data in health research. Future research should seek to control for, across multiple time points: depression symptoms, depression severity, depression duration, weight, diabetes medication, tobacco and alcohol consumption and other medications with a known impact on blood glucose.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Bovine dairy complex lipids improve in vitro measures of small intestinal epithelial barrier integrity.
- Author
-
Rachel C Anderson, Alastair K H MacGibbon, Neill Haggarty, Kelly M Armstrong, and Nicole C Roy
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Appropriate intestinal barrier maturation is essential for absorbing nutrients and preventing pathogens and toxins from entering the body. Compared to breast-fed infants, formula-fed infants are more susceptible to barrier dysfunction-associated illnesses. In infant formula dairy lipids are usually replaced with plant lipids. We hypothesised that dairy complex lipids improve in vitro intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. We tested milkfat high in conjugated linoleic acid, beta serum (SureStart™Lipid100), beta serum concentrate (BSC) and a ganglioside-rich fraction (G600). Using Caco-2 cells as a model of the human small intestinal epithelium, we analysed the effects of the ingredients on trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), mannitol flux, and tight junction protein co-localisation. BSC induced a dose-dependent improvement in TEER across unchallenged cell layers, maintained the co-localisation of tight junction proteins in TNFα-challenged cells with increased permeability, and mitigated the TEER-reducing effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). G600 also increased TEER across healthy and LPS-challenged cells, but it did not alter the co-location of tight junction proteins in TNFα-challenged cells. SureStart™Lipid100 had similar TEER-increasing effects to BSC when added at twice the concentration (similar lipid concentration). Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to the development of infant formulas supplemented with dairy complex lipids that support infant intestinal barrier maturation.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Conservative Management of Abnormally Invasive Placenta Previa after Midtrimester Foetal Demise
- Author
-
A. MacGibbon and Y. M. Ius
- Subjects
Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 - Abstract
We present the case of a midtrimester intrauterine foetal demise (IUFD) in the context of abnormally invasive placentation. This was a grade 4 placenta previa with placenta increta in a patient requesting fertility conservation and was managed conservatively without immediate surgical intervention. The patient spontaneously delivered the fetus after 33 days, followed by a large obstetric haemorrhage requiring immediate laparotomy and hysterotomy. Her uterus was preserved and she went on to recover without further significant complication. While conservative management of morbidly adherent placentas has been well documented, there are no published cases of this strategy in the context of IUFD and fertility preservation.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Long-Term Supplementation with Beta Serum Concentrate (BSC), a Complex of Milk Lipids, during Post-Natal Brain Development Improves Memory in Rats
- Author
-
Jian Guan, Alastair MacGibbon, Bertram Fong, Rong Zhang, Karen Liu, Angela Rowan, and Paul McJarrow
- Subjects
beta serum concentrate ,milk fat globule membrane ,gangliosides ,phospholipids ,brain development ,memory ,Morris water maze ,neuroplasticity ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
We have previously reported that the supplementation of ganglioside-enriched complex-milk-lipids improves cognitive function and that a phospholipid-enriched complex-milk-lipid prevents age-related cognitive decline in rats. This current study evaluated the effects of post-natal supplementation of ganglioside- and phospholipid-enriched complex-milk-lipids beta serum concentrate (BSC) on cognitive function in young rats. The diet of male rats was supplemented with either gels formulated BSC (n = 16) or blank gels (n = 16) from post-natal day 10 to day 70. Memory and anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated using the Morris water maze, dark–light boxes, and elevated plus maze tests. Neuroplasticity and white matter were measured using immunohistochemical staining. The overall performance in seven-day acquisition trials was similar between the groups. Compared with the control group, BSC supplementation reduced the latency to the platform during day one of the acquisition tests. Supplementation improved memory by showing reduced latency and improved path efficiency to the platform quadrant, and smaller initial heading error from the platform zone. Supplemented rats showed an increase in striatal dopamine terminals and hippocampal glutamate receptors. Thus BSC supplementation during post-natal brain development improved learning and memory, independent from anxiety. The moderately enhanced neuroplasticity in dopamine and glutamate may be biological changes underlying the improved cognitive function.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Familiarity with, perceived accuracy of, and willingness to rely on Undetectable=Untransmittable (U=U) among gay and bisexual men in Australia: results of a national cross-sectional survey.
- Author
-
MacGibbon, James, Bavinton, Benjamin R., Broady, Timothy R., Ellard, Jeanne, Murphy, Dean, Calabrese, Sarah K., Kalwicz, David A., Heath-Paynter, Dash, Molyneux, Angus, Power, Cherie, Heslop, Andrew, de Wit, John, and Holt, Martin
- Abstract
Background. The Undetectable=Untransmittable (U=U) message has been promoted since it was demonstrated that viral suppression through HIV treatment prevents sexual transmission between serodiscordant partners (HIV treatment as prevention). Our study assessed familiarity with, perceived accuracy of, and willingness to rely on U=U in a national sample of gay and bisexual men in Australia. Methods. We conducted a national, online cross-sectional survey in April-June 2021. Eligible participants were gay, bisexual and queer men and non-binary people who lived in Australia. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with familiarity, perceived accuracy and willingness to rely on U=U (by having condomless sex with a partner with HIV who has an undetectable viral load). Results. Of 1280 participants, most were familiar with U=U (1006/1280; 78.6%), the majority of whom believed U=U was accurate (677/1006; 67.3%). Both familiarity and perceived accuracy were higher among participants living with HIV, followed by pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users, HIV-negative participants not taking PrEP, and untested/unknown status participants. Knowing at least one person living with HIV, among other factors, was associated with familiarity and perceived accuracy of U=U; and familiarity was associated with perceived accuracy. Among participants familiar with U=U, less than half were willing to rely on U=U (473/1006; 47.0%). Familiarity with U=U and knowing at least one person living with HIV were associated with willingness to rely on U=U, among other factors. Conclusions. We found familiarity with U=U was associated with perceived accuracy and willingness to rely upon it. There is an ongoing need to educate gay and bisexual men (particularly HIV-negative men) about U=U and its benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Lactational changes in concentration and distribution of ganglioside molecular species in human breast milk from Chinese mothers
- Author
-
Ma, Lin, Liu, Xihong, MacGibbon, Alastair K. H., Rowan, Angela, McJarrow, Paul, and Fong, Bertram Y.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. A randomised phase IIb trial to assess the efficacy of ReCharge ice cream in preventing chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea
- Author
-
Perez, D., Sharples, K. J., Broom, R., Jeffery, M., Proctor, J., Hinder, V., Pollard, S., Edwards, J., Simpson, A., Scott, J., Benge, S., Krissansen, G., Geursen, A., Palmano, K., MacGibbon, A., Keefe, D., and Findlay, M.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Recent Developments in Islet Biology: A Review With Patient Perspectives.
- Author
-
Basu, Lahari, Bhagat, Vriti, Ching, Ma Enrica Angela, Di Giandomenico, Anna, Dostie, Sylvie, Greenberg, Dana, Greenberg, Marley, Hahm, Jiwon, Hilton, N. Zoe, Lamb, Krista, Jentz, Emelien M., Larsen, Matt, Locatelli, Cassandra A.A., Maloney, MaryAnn, MacGibbon, Christine, Mersali, Farida, Mulchandani, Christina Marie, Najam, Adhiyat, Singh, Ishnoor, and Weisz, Tom
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Attention to Language: Lessons Learned at the Dinner Table.
- Author
-
Ely, Richard, Gleason, Jean Berko, MacGibbon, Ann, and Zaretsky, Elena
- Abstract
Studied the dinner table conversations of 22 families with young children. Analyzed utterances for language-focused terms. Reported that metalinguistic uses exceeded pragmatic uses. Found that during routine social interactions, parents provide children with potentially important information about the communicative functions of language. (Author/DLH)
- Published
- 2001
46. Video/Videoconferencing in Support of Distance Education. Knowledge Series: A Topical, Start-Up Guide to Distance Education Practice and Delivery.
- Author
-
Commonwealth of Learning, Vancouver (British Columbia)., Stilborne, Linda, and MacGibbon, Peter
- Abstract
This document provides a start-up guide to video and videoconferencing in distance education. The first section provides and introduction to video technologies for distance education, including advantages and disadvantages. The second section covers traditional videoconferencing, including equipment and costs, videoconferencing tips, room and camera set-up, presenter strategies, and encouraging interactivity. The third section addresses desktop videoconferencing over the Internet, including equipment and costs and Internet conferencing software. The fourth section looks at video broadcast, focusing on the broadcasting of courses over the local cable television network at Carleton University (Ontario). The fifth section describes video streaming, including producing streaming video, tips for effective video streaming, and video CD. (Contains 24 references.) (MES)
- Published
- 2001
47. 'She Don't Care': Negatives in Children's Narratives.
- Author
-
Ely, Richard, MacGibbon, Ann, and McCabe, Allyssa
- Abstract
Developed taxonomy of eight types of negation found in children's narratives, and examined children's personal narratives and narratives elicited by picture books. Found most frequent negation to be reference to actions that did not happen. Younger children used negation more than older children, and negation occurred more frequently in personal than in picture book elicited narratives. (DLH)
- Published
- 2000
48. Choosing between Higher Moment Maximum Entropy Models and Its Application to Homogeneous Point Processes with Random Effects
- Author
-
Lotfi Khribi, Brenda MacGibbon, and Marc Fredette
- Subjects
recurrent events ,mixed-Poisson ,the maximum entropy principle ,moment matching ,maximum likelihood estimation ,discrepancy measure ,Kullback–Leibler divergence ,likelihood ratio test ,mean square prediction error ,Science ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
In the Bayesian framework, the usual choice of prior in the prediction of homogeneous Poisson processes with random effects is the gamma one. Here, we propose the use of higher order maximum entropy priors. Their advantage is illustrated in a simulation study and the choice of the best order is established by two goodness-of-fit criteria: Kullback–Leibler divergence and a discrepancy measure. This procedure is illustrated on a warranty data set from the automobile industry.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Expression variants of the lipogenic AGPAT6 gene affect diverse milk composition phenotypes in Bos taurus.
- Author
-
Mathew D Littlejohn, Kathryn Tiplady, Thomas Lopdell, Tania A Law, Andrew Scott, Chad Harland, Ric Sherlock, Kristen Henty, Vlad Obolonkin, Klaus Lehnert, Alistair Macgibbon, Richard J Spelman, Stephen R Davis, and Russell G Snell
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Milk is composed of a complex mixture of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and various vitamins and minerals as a source of nutrition for young mammals. The composition of milk varies between individuals, with lipid composition in particular being highly heritable. Recent reports have highlighted a region of bovine chromosome 27 harbouring variants affecting milk fat percentage and fatty acid content. We aimed to further investigate this locus in two independent cattle populations, consisting of a Holstein-Friesian x Jersey crossbreed pedigree of 711 F2 cows, and a collection of 32,530 mixed ancestry Bos taurus cows. Bayesian genome-wide association mapping using markers imputed from the Illumina BovineHD chip revealed a large quantitative trait locus (QTL) for milk fat percentage on chromosome 27, present in both populations. We also investigated a range of other milk composition phenotypes, and report additional associations at this locus for fat yield, protein percentage and yield, lactose percentage and yield, milk volume, and the proportions of numerous milk fatty acids. We then used mammary RNA sequence data from 212 lactating cows to assess the transcript abundance of genes located in the milk fat percentage QTL interval. This analysis revealed a strong eQTL for AGPAT6, demonstrating that high milk fat percentage genotype is also additively associated with increased expression of the AGPAT6 gene. Finally, we used whole genome sequence data from six F1 sires to target a panel of novel AGPAT6 locus variants for genotyping in the F2 crossbreed population. Association analysis of 58 of these variants revealed highly significant association for polymorphisms mapping to the 5'UTR exons and intron 1 of AGPAT6. Taken together, these data suggest that variants affecting the expression of AGPAT6 are causally involved in differential milk fat synthesis, with pleiotropic consequences for a diverse range of other milk components.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Tuning X/(TiO2) x –(SiO2)100 – x (0 < x < 40) xerogel photocatalysts
- Author
-
Sermon, P. A., Leadley, J. G., MacGibbon, R. M., and Ruzimuradov, O.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.