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The present work is to promote the use of agricultural waste (sugarcane bagasse, banana fibers, and rice husk) in the creation of handcrafted paper. This work alters the manufacturing process by utilizing various cellulose ratios derived from different agricultural residues. Craft papers have been made with the use of a fairly straightforward and environmentally benign process known as the handmade technique, which includes these raw residues in various ratios. The physico-mechanical properties are measured for synthesized sheets with an appropriate basis weight (63-80 g/m²), thickness (20-300 m), burst strength (58.9-105.2 kPa), burst index (1.03-1.67 kPa m²/g), and bulk (1.06 - 3.12 cm³/g), respectively. It is demonstrated that the used ingredients are cost-effective and eco-friendly. In addition, it is found that the quality of the handmade paper sample composition formed with a blend of 20% rice husk, 30% sugarcane bagasse, and 50% banana fiber, is relatively high. This study demonstrates that agricultural waste can provide viable alternatives for the industries that produce handmade paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.06.024 Byline: Venkat S. Mane, Indra Deo Mall, Vimal Chandra Srivastava Keywords: Dye removal; Rice husk ash; Adsorption kinetics; Isotherms; Thermodynamics; Error analyses Abstract: The present study deals with the adsorption of Brilliant Green (BG) on rice husk ash (RHA). RHA is a solid waste obtained from the particulate collection equipment attached to the flue gas lines of rice husk fired boilers. Batch studies were performed to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters like initial pH (pH.sub.0), contact time, adsorbent dose and initial concentration (C.sub.0) on the removal of BG. Optimum conditions for BG removal were found to be pH.sub.0[approximately equal to]3.0, adsorbent dose [approximately equal to]6gL.sup.-1 of solution and equilibrium time [approximately equal to]5h for the C.sub.0 range of 50-300mgL.sup.-1. Adsorption of BG followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Intra-particle diffusion does not seem to control the BG removal process. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of BG on RHA were analyzed by Freundlich, Langmuir, Redlich-Peterson (R-P), Dubnin-Radushkevich (D-R), and Temkin isotherm models using a non-linear regression technique. Langmuir and R-P isotherms were found to best represent the data for BG adsorption onto RHA. Adsorption of BG on RHA is favourably influenced by an increase in the temperature of the operation. Values of the change in entropy ([DELTA]S.sup.0) and heat of adsorption ([DELTA]H.sup.0) for BG adsorption on RHA were positive. The high negative value of change in Gibbs free energy ([DELTA]G.sup.0) indicates the feasible and spontaneous adsorption of BG on RHA. Author Affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India Article History: Received 30 September 2005; Revised 14 June 2006; Accepted 20 June 2006

Abstract: The present study explored the adsorptive characteristics of Brilliant Green dye from aqueous solution onto NaOH treated saw dust of Indian Eucalyptus wood, a timber industry waste. Batch studies were performed to evaluate the influence of various experimental parameters like initial pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial concentration and temperature on the removal of Brilliant Green. Optimum conditions were found to be initial pH=2.9, contact time=3h and adsorbent dose=4g/l. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model represented the adsorption kinetics of Brilliant Green onto NaOH treated saw dust. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed by Freundlich, Langmuir, Redlich–Peterson and Temkin isotherm models using non-linear regression technique. NaOH treated saw dust which was used showed surface area=0.3742m2/g, pore volume=0.00836cm3/g and average pore diameter=893.6A0. Adsorption of Brilliant Green onto NaOH treated saw dust is favorably influenced by decrease in the temperature of the operation. Thermodynamics showed that the Brilliant Green adsorption was most favorable onto NaOH treated saw dust. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]