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Compressional stresses from the basalt basins on the lunar are responsible for the formation of wrinkle ridges in lunar mare basalts. According to the wide angle multispectral camera (WAC) mosaic image, we selected 62, 75, 73, and 58 single wrinkle ridges in Mare Imbrium, Mare Serenitatis, Mare Fecunditatis, and Mare Tranquillitatis, respectively, for this paper. Several topographic profiles near the midpoint of each wrinkle ridge are generated to measure the maximum displacement (D max ) and height of the wrinkle ridges using digital elevation model (LOLA) data. After that, we create 2D plots of displacement-length (L) for the ridge population in the four Maria and compare the results. A linear fit method derives the D max / L ratios (γ) from the D-L data. We calculated the contractional strains in each mare area based on the cap D sub m a. x over cap L data. Moreover, each mare's gravity pattern, mare thickness, and formation age are also presented. The ridges in Mare Imbrium and Mare Serenitatis have a higher γ value (1.83 × 10−2 and 1.98 × 10−2) than the ridges in Mare Fecunditatis and Mare Tranquillitatis, which have γ values of (1.67 × 10−2 and 1.75 × 10−2). Finally, the contractional strains (ε) in Mare Imbrium, Mare Serenitatis, Mare Fecunditatis, and Mare Tranquillitatis are estimated to be 0.23 %, 0.41 %, 0.39 %, and 0.18 % (considering 25° is the fault plane dip θ), respectively. The maximum values of the free-air gravity anomalies in Mare Fecunditatis range from −30 to 250 mGal, while minimum gravity anomalies in Mare Serenitatis range from −80 to 140 mGal. Mare Imbrium, Mare Serenitatis, Mare Fecunditatis, and Mare Tranquillitatis have an average thickness of 300 m, 910 m, 652 m, and 760 m, respectively. Furthermore, the Mare Imbrium ridge group is older than the Lunar Wrinkle Ridges in Mare Serenitatis. Mare Tranquillitatis ridge group formation takes longer than Mare Imbrium ridge group formation. Therefore, we believe that it has thicker basaltic units, a longer wrinkle ridge formation time, and higher gravity anomaly than the Mare Imbrium and Mare Serenitatis basins, even though the formation of the Mare Tranquillitatis and Mare Fecunditatis basins occurred earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mary Wollstonecraft's Maria can be considered both gothic and anti‐gothic, in that it both evokes and subverts gothic imagery in order to emphasize women's oppression. Throughout the novel, Wollstonecraft employs gothic iconography while simultaneously dismissing gothic sensationalism for its failure to capture women's real‐world subjugation; thus, an "anti‐gothic gothic" perspective characterizes her depiction of the dark realities of Enlightenment society. The animals that feature in Maria are likewise anti‐gothic gothic animals. Important signifiers in gothic texts, animals are commonly used to contribute to atmospheres of tension and disquiet. Maria employs animals ironically, using moments of seemingly uncanny animal presence to expose how both humans and animals are oppressed by the power structures that govern their lives. Wollstonecraft paints a brutal picture of late eighteenth‐century society, and animals are an integral part of that picture. The social world she recreates is one of deeply entrenched hierarchical violence that permeates all levels of society and radically affects the experiences of both women and animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The irrationalist and vitalist options in the philosophy of the early twentieth century find in María Zambrano a liminal proposal. The author proposes a double movement: archaizing in order to renew the model of a philosophy saturated with formulas and without experiential content. To do so, she reads Plato, the father of Greek rationalism, through her acute hermeneutics to demonstrate that the birth of philosophy is methodologically congruent with mystical experience. Both philosophy and mysticism are models of liberation of the soul in search of truth, understood as transcendent reality. Both start from the multiplicity of being to coincide in the unity of the permanent. Both are also sources of knowledge for the common man who can approach the divine by means of his decision and will. Thus, in her main texts we find the arguments to recover the lost spirituality and to move into the experience of the sacred through the articulation of poetic reason. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La pregunta por el otro ha sido una constante en la historia de la literatura. El diferente, el repudiado, ha estado siempre ahí, en mayor o menor medida, según la época a la que nos acerquemos. El ser humano se ha enfrentado a esta visión especular de sí mismo con ambivalencia e incluso temor, sin ser consciente de que este otro que tantas veces es repudiado no es más que una proyección de uno mismo hacia el exterior. En este trabajo, nos proponemos acercarnos a esta temática en dos obras que muestran el conflicto entre la utopía de la vida colonial y la realidad de los subordinados y los esclavos que la sustentaba, la novela María, de Jorge Isaacs, y Sab, de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda. Para ello, estudiaremos la visión del otro que existe en ambas novelas, a través de un análisis comparativo que nos permita observar cómo se produce un proceso de ocultación visible del diferente como ruptura de una narrativa idealizada sobre la sociedad del momento.

Copyright of Biotropica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este trabajo expone un relevamiento y estudio realizado por el grupo de Investigación de la Facultad de Teología de la UCA que trabaja prácticas de espiritualidad en el final de la vida. Llevamos adelante una encuesta a nivel nacional en la cual relevamos las preferencias y valores en el cuidado en el final de la vida de las personas frente a un caso hipotético de enfermedad que amenazase su integridad, al mismo tiempo que tomamos en cuenta algunas variables sociodemográficas fundamentales con el objetivo de poder correlacionar su respuesta con las características específicas de cada población encuestada. Luego de contextualizar el trabajo y exponer la metodología utilizada, se presentan los resultados globales de la encuesta y de algunos temas en particular, reflexionando sobre los mismos y planteando en la conclusión algunos límites y posibilidades de la presente investigación.

The context of the present article is my research on philosophies of female education and the questions of female Bildung in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in England. Female writings seem to rely on the theoretical background provided by the well-known male authors in order to present a critical and ironical reading. In my study, I highlight the ways of development expressed in the open and closed spaces in Mary Wollstonecraft's novels. In the quite autobiographical Mary (1788), in accordance with the characteristic aversion to the household, the heroine feels at home in nature, or on the road (cf. homelessness). Meanwhile, having left the suffocating milieu of her home and her marriage, she finds her peace and partner in her own way. In the unfinished novel, Maria (1798), the prisonlike environment of the wife with her actual imprisonment in the Gothic asylum, physically represents the patriarchal restraints in women's lives. Maria is a rebel, she leaves her husband, and later her readings free her mind. In both novels the heroines struggle with the expectations of the age and their paths of life display the possibilities for development offered to a young woman in the second half of the eighteenth century-in the framework of Wollstonecraft's early Bildungsromane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nell’articolo proponiamo di rileggere i brani del Vangelo riguardanti la figura di Giuseppe di Nazareth in prospettiva esistenziale, cercando di comprendere l’aspetto umano non solo della situazione in cui si è trovato, ma anche delle sue scelte. Nell’articolo evidenziamo tre possibili forme di dilemmi umani di Giuseppe. Dapprima viene esaminato il dilemma religioso che si traduce in una difficile scelta tra le esigenze della Legge e l’intenzione di salvare la reputazione di Maria. In secondo luogo viene esaminato il dilemma sociale che riguarda la reputazione di Giuseppe per il fatto che, in un certo senso, si assume la responsabilità della gravidanza di Maria. Infine viene esaminato il dilemma esistenziale che riguarda non solo l’accettazione di una diversa forma di paternità (per adozione), ma anche la fatica di scoprire nel quotidiano un modo di essere padre per Gesù, che è consapevole di essere Figlio di Dio.

En América Latina, sobre todo la gente sencilla, aprendió a ver a la Virgen junto con Dios, formando parte del complejo divino que da a la vida su sentido último. De allí que se dirige a María como fin, por mandato y regalo de Cristo: «Ahí tienes a tu Madre ». Una revalorización de la percepción vital del sensus fidei, que es don del Espíritu Santo, puede ayudarnos a ponderar más adecuadamente la riqueza de la aprehensión directa, que es siempre mayor que la de la expresión conceptual refleja. En este sentido, el sensus fidei es uno de los factores de desarrollo de la doctrina cristiana, que no puede explicarse recurriendo exclusivamente al modelo del razonamiento deductivo por el que de unas verdades dadas se deducen otras. El impulso que promueve esta trans-conceptualización tiene su fuente en la percepción intuitiva de la validez de las fórmulas que surgen en los esquemas conceptuales de varias culturas, y dan lugar a la adquisición de categorías nuevas que permiten una reformulación de la tradición y un progreso en el desarrollo dogmático. De allí la importancia en la vocación del teólogo a una conceptualización de esta aprehensión pre-conceptual que la diversificación de la vida teologal de los cristianos es capaz de suscitar. Sobre todo, si, en lugar de re-sistematizar lo ya sistematizado, es capaz de volverse atento a las expresiones que el sensus fidei siempre tiene para ofrecer al auténtico progreso de la tradición.

This essay aims to contribute to a better understanding of the role played by women as cultural mediators in the eighteenth century. Its starting point is the little-known figure of María, Countess of Fernán Núñez, Spanish ambassadress to Portugal (1777–87) and France (1787–91), who led a transnational life marked by travel, international courts, and embassies—all spaces of sociability traditionally linked to the study of cultural mediation, an area that in recent years has begun to be considered in relation to gender. The Countess's experience sheds light on the contributions made by diplomats' spouses to the political and cultural life of Europe and on the ways in which a wife and husband could work as a team. Methodologically, this case study also provides an opportunity for reflecting on the sources with which we can reconstruct the cultural mediation carried out by women, who tend to be far less visible in official records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presence and Symbolism of Animals in María by Jorge Isaacs ABSTRACT: The presence of animals is a constant in María by the colombian writer Jorge Isaacs. The presence of the irrational assumes various functions, while it shapes a kind of personal symbolism whose meaning deserves to be explored. In this sense, this article aims to analyse with the greatest possible fidelity the animal world and its symbolic meaning in this romantic work, which is considered one of the most important texts in the Colombian literary canon. RÉSUMÉ : La présence d’animaux est une constante dans María de l’écrivain colombien Jorge Isaacs. La présence de ces êtres dépourvus de raison exerce diverses fonctions, tout en représentant une sorte de symbolique personnelle dont le sens mérite d’être approfondi. A cet égard, ce présent article prétend analyser avec la plus grande fidélité possible le monde animal et sa signification symbolique dans cette œuvre romantique considérée comme l'un des textes les plus importants du canon littéraire colombien.

Članak analizira pogled na kreposnu ženu u djelu Edith Stein, polazeći od opisa naravi žene kao vrste ljudske naravi. Stein razlikuje karakteristike koje pripadaju ženi od početka stvaranja, kao i one koje su iskrivljene grijehom i uzdignute milošću. Njezina izvorna struktura pomaže ženi prihvatiti najveće misterije samog života i čini je sposobnom da odgovori s velikom energijom na zahtjeve života, čineći tako velike stvari. Oblikovanje tih potencijala koje nosi u sebi, omogućuje joj da živi kao istinski kreposna žena, mulier fortis, koja ostaje usidrena u »visinu«, dok je duboko utjelovljena u svijetu. S ovim stavovima i krepostima postaje sposobna iznutra »roditi iznova« čovjeka i sve stvoreno, tj. iz ljubavi koja vlada u najvećoj dubini ljudskog srca. Ideal te ženskosti rođene »odozgo« nalazi se u Mariji, Isusovoj majci i ženi koja je potpuno ostvarena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) has emerged as a novel tool for the assessment of disease activity in Crohn's disease (CD). Real world data from Indian subcontinent on performance of MRE in terminal ileal CD are lacking. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with terminal ileal CD who underwent both ileo-colonoscopy and MRE was performed. Ileo-colonoscopy was considered the gold standard for assessment of disease activity. On ileo-colonoscopy, a simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD) ≥2 was considered active disease; presence of ulcers indicated severe disease. MRE scoring of the disease activity was performed using magnetic resonance index of activity (MARIA) and simplified MARIA (MARIAs). The measure of agreement between ileo-colonoscopy and MRE and comparison of MARIA and MARIAs for assessment of disease activity and sensitivity of MRE to detect mucosal ulcerations were calculated. Results: Seventy patients with terminal ileal CD (mean age 40.74±15.56 years; 71.4% males [n=50]) were evaluated. The sensitivities of MARIA and MARIAs scores to detect active disease were 0.76 and 0.84, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for detecting severe disease was 0.836 (p<0.0001) for MARIA and 0.861 (p<0.0001) for MARIAs. For mild active disease, there was no agreement between SES-CD and MARIA or MARIAs; however, for severe disease, the agreement was fair and moderate for MARIA and MARIAs, respectively. MARIA and MARIAs were comparable for identification of active and severe disease (κ 0.759, p<0.0001 and κ 0.840, p<0.0001, respectively). MRE was 68.18% sensitive to detect mucosal ulcers. Conclusion: MRE is a reliable and sensitive tool for detection of endoscopically severe, but not mild, terminal ileal CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neste artigo, a busca pelas origens das principais personagens femininas parodiadas em Caim e O Evangelho segundo Jesus Cristo, de José Saramago, em comparação à sua reficcionalização, visa analisar a denúncia sobre como as passagens e os protótipos a que estão circunscritas legaram uma marca cultural na representação reduzida e limitante da mulher. Analisa-se como o autor esmiúça os mitos que moldam nossa realidade, ao ficcionalizar versões possíveis das mulheres amiúde retratadas como seres diabólicos, envoltos em feitiços e mistérios, ou relegadas a um segundo plano em que a obediência é via única para a sagração.

En este artículo nos proponemos destacar la originalidad de las inscripciones árabes que adornan el arco de la llamada Casa del Conde de Toledo, fechadas en el siglo XV. La principal inscripción del arco es una oración a Santa María escrita en aljamiado, lengua romance con grafía árabe muy elaborada, y las secundarias, más legibles, repiten ora en aljamiado, ora en árabe los nombres de Jesús y de Santa María. Además, en el segmento en árabe, Jesús está nombrado en su versión musulmana, ʿĪsā, y se insiste en su filiación con María como una reminiscencia de uno de los principales desacuerdos entre islam y cristianismo en torno a la figura de Jesús. A partir de una lectura paralela a la de Rodrigo Amador de los Ríos, proponemos un análisis epigráfico y lingüístico, antes de estudiar el contenido y el sentido de los textos. Analizando el contexto, la relación entre artesano y comitente, y comparando con otras inscripciones mudéjares que plantean problemáticas similares, acabamos por considerar estas inscripciones como un reflejo de la voluntad por parte de los comitentes cristianos de sintetizar varias tradiciones religiosas y culturales. No pensamos sin embargo que haya que entender esta conciliación entre islam y cristianismo como la expresión de una apertura hacia creencias ajenas sino más bien como un intento hegemónico de abarcar a todos debajo del poder cristiano.

Copyright of Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural is the property of Sociedad Espanola para el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La constitución dogmática sobre la Iglesia del concilio Vaticano II profundiza en las relaciones entre la Tercera Persona de la Santísima Trinidad y la Virgen María. La santidad original de la Virgen, formada por el Espíritu Santo como nueva criatura, requerirá de ella una actitud activa y consciente, como colaboradora única en su obra. De este modo, la Madre de Dios aparece con las notas de “Casa de Dios”, “Theotokos” y “Madre de la Iglesia”. La obra de H. Mühlen se convierte en referencia canónica obligada para la recta comprensión de esa relación pneumatológica.

En la literatura medieval es posible encontrar una actitud ambivalente ante los personajes marginales, que fluctúa entre el rechazo, por temor, y la acogida, al ser los marginados los sujetos a quienes puede dirigirse la práctica de muchas virtudes cristianas. Con base en lo anterior, en el presente artículo se propone analizar esa ambivalencia, a partir de la tensión entre individuo y colectividad, en cuanto que los individuos sufren procesos de aislamiento que tienden a resolverse con su reintegración a la comunidad. El corpus para este análisis está conformado por la producción poética de Gonzalo de Berceo y el Libro de los tres reyes de Oriente. La estructura del artículo presenta una tipología de estos procesos que considera dos factores: el primero, el carácter virtuoso o pecaminoso de los individuos marginales y de sus comunidades; el segundo, la volición u obligación que caracteriza al aislamiento de cada personaje. Con la combinación de estos factores se plantean cuatro categorías de aislamiento: a) obligatorio pecaminoso, b) voluntario pecaminoso, c) obligatorio virtuoso, y d) voluntario virtuoso. A partir de la exposición de algunas ocurrencias en el corpus, que sirven como casos modélicos de cada categoría, el artículo se dirige al análisis de dos personajes excepcionales que, pese a compartir rasgos y ser fundacionales para el planteamiento ideológico ambivalente de la marginalidad en las obras, sufren procesos que salen del paradigma propuesto: Cristo y María.

The way in which a culture understands itself and its relationship with the sacred shapes not only religious life, but also a way of being in the world. The same can be said in the opposite direction: the religious sphere can be captured in some anthropomorphism to justify a position that excludes. Taking this premise into account, we can look at the position of women in the early church, the roles they played, and how and why the relevance of their performance was minimized through misogyny that occurs in different contexts of Christianity as a historical construction. By misogyny we understand a posture that engenders forms of discourse and practice that transform women into objects. Anchored in religious discourse in order to legitimize male hegemony, misogyny established a stereotype justifying female inferiority and submission. By understanding woman in the role Mary had as a woman and mother in the history and discourse of salvation, specifically in the incarnation, we can propose a positive perspective that goes beyond history and corrects some of the distortions of historicism with regard to the role of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nello studio presentato della pericope Mt 1,18-25 l’Autore cerca delle risposte alle domande che seguono. L’Evangelista non vuole forse dire in essa che Giuseppe che esegue l’ordine del Signore pronunciato dall’angelo (1,24-25) si lascia già guidare dalla giustizia evangelica, chiamata in seguito da Gesù «giustizia superiore» (5,20)? Se è così, non lo indica forse qui come tipo ideale di Israelita biblico giusto che vive la volontà di Dio per coloro che sarebbero voluti divenire discepoli del Messia e Figlio di Dio, che desiderano vivere una «giustizia superiore» nella Chiesa da Lui edificata (16,18)? E quindi Matteo non vuole con ciò dire che il processo di metanoia, che Giuseppe visse nell’incontro con il Verbo di Dio, è l’anticipazione del cammino di metanoia della Buona Novella predicata da Gesù ai suoi discepoli (4,17), e tramite gli stessi, a tutti i popoli fino alla fine del mondo (28,16-20)? Lo studio esegetico-teologico condotto consente di constatare che l’Evangelista Matteo in tale evento mostra effettivamente Giuseppe che visse la sua metanoia personale, sotto l’influenza della Parola del Signore udita e, grazie ad essa, divenne il tipo ideale di uomo di giustizia evangelica per coloro che nel futuro, sotto l’influenza del Vangelo della «giustizia superiore» predicato da Gesù, avrebbero desiderato divenire discepoli di Emmanuele e Salvatore nella Chiesa da Lui edificata.

Una línea de la investigación moderna sobre la historia de la formación del Corán lo presenta como una obra literaria propia del contexto de la Antigüedad tardía y no como literatura exclusivamente islámica. La literatura apócrifa cristiana, presente en este contexto, llegó a formar parte del contenido coránico. Esta presencia no fue un mero préstamo literario, sino que el Corán, por medio de recursos estilísticos, re-contextualizó los textos cristianos ofreciendo su propia versión de las figuras de Jesús y María. Esta utilización de la Literatura apócrifa cristiana está especialmente presente en las suras 3 y 19 del Corán que relatan la infancia de María, la Anunciación, el nacimiento de Jesús y su infancia.

More than 70 topographic profiles of 34 large lunar maria and basins were constructed and studied in order to obtain quantitative values of the parameters that characterize these formations, to identify patterns and features of their relief. The dependence of the absolute height of the bottom and the depth of the basins on latitude, longitude, size and relative age has been investigated. The absolute height of the bottom of the formations in the visible hemisphere, as expected, is less than in the opposite hemisphere. In the longitudinal direction, there is a tendency for the depth of the basins to increase in the direction from the central meridian to the 180 meridian (from the center of the near side hemisphere to the center of the far side hemisphere). The ridges of the ramparts throughout each of the basins often have different heights. Depending on this difference in the heights of the ridges of the ramparts, three groups of basins are distinguished, which differ in height. It is assumed that the greater the height difference of the ridges of the ramparts, the more oblique was the fall of the impactor. The correlation of the above parameters with the relative age was not found in this study. Morphometric studies of impact ring structures on the Moon and their interpretation suggest that in the early evolutionary epoch of the lunar surface in the period of about 4.4–4.0 billion years, the main impactors were bodies of cometary nature from the Kuiper Belt or from the Oort Cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] is a promising tool to evaluate therapeutic efficacy in ileocolonic Crohn's disease [CD]. Aims We aimed to assess the feasibility of early MRI evaluation (week 12 [W12]) to predict corticosteroid-free remission [CFREM] at W52 and prevent long-term bowel damage. Methods All patients with active CD needing anti-tumour necrosis factor [anti-TNF] therapy were consecutively enrolled in this multicentre prospective study. MRI was performed before starting therapy, at W12 and W52. CFREM was defined as Crohn's Disease Activity Index < 150, C-reactive protein < 5 mg/L and faecal calprotectin < 250 µg/g, with no switch of anti-TNF agents, no bowel resection and no therapeutic intensification between W12 and W52. Results Among 46 patients, 22 [47.8%] achieved CFREM at W52. Anti-TNF agents were able to heal almost all CD lesions as soon as W12 [ p  < 0.05]. Early transmural response defined as a 25% decrease of either Clermont score (odds ratio [OR] = 7.7 [1.7–34.0], p  < 0.001) or Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity (OR = 4.2 [1.3–13.3], p  = 0.015) was predictive of CFREM at W52. Achieving at least two items on W12-MRI among ulceration healing, disappearance of enlarged lymph nodes or sclerolipomatosis, ΔADC [apparent diffusion coefficient] > +10% or ΔRCE [relative contrast enhancement] > −30% was associated with a likelihood of CFREM at W52 of 84.6% vs 37.5% in patients without transmural response [ p  < 0.001]. Early transmural response could prevent bowel damage progression over time using Clermont score (hazard ratio = 0.21 [0.0–0.9]; p  = 0.037). Conclusion Evaluation of early transmural response by MRI is feasible and is a promising end point to monitor therapeutic efficacy in patients with CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MR activity indices used for quantification and follow-up of Crohn's disease are composed of a number of subjectively determinable components with equivocal repeatability. The purpose of this article was to assess the repeatability of measurements used for quantitative estimation of Crohn's disease activity in the terminal ileum. In five adults (23–57 y.o.) and 12 children (10–17 y.o.) with active terminal ileitis, the inflamed bowel was divided into 3 cm segments (n = 32 in adults, n = 46 in children), and measurements for the calculation of MaRIA and Clermont scores were performed. Parameters included apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) for diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences with selective and non-selective fat suppression, wall signal enhancement before (WSI-preGd) and after (WSI-preGd) gadolinium enhancement, bowel thickness, and presence of ulcers. The measurements were standardised (accurate site-to-site comparison, exact ROI size, where applicable) and repeated by the same researcher after two months. Intra-observer agreement for ADC, WSI-preGd and WSI-postGd, bowel thickness was assessed with a paired t-test, and the significant difference in presence/absence of ulcers was assessed by the Pearson 2 test. Absolute difference was not found between the 1st and 2nd measurements of ADC, WSI-preGd, WSI-postGd and wall thickness. There was systematic difference in the presence of bowel ulcers. In standardised conditions the repeatability of ADC, WSI-preGd and WSI-postGd is high. Efforts must be made to precisely define the size and appearance of ulcers that may be included in the index calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Endoscopic mucosal healing is considered as the best therapeutic target in Crohn's disease (CD) as it is associated with better long-term outcomes. We investigated whether bowel wall healing (BWH) assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could predict favorable outcomes and could be a potential therapeutic target.Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis from two prospective studies (n = 174 patients). All the patients with previous objective signs of bowel inflammation and assessed by MRI for therapeutic efficacy had a standardized and blinded evaluation, and underwent MRI. Complete BWH was defined as no segmental MaRIA > 7 or no segmental Clermont score > 8.4 and BWH as no segmental MaRIA > 11 or no segmental Clermont score > 12.5. Clinical corticosteroid-free remission (CFREM) was defined as no reappearance or worsening of clinical manifestation leading to therapeutic modification, hospitalization or CD-related surgery. Multivariate analyses were performed including all the relevant parameters.Results: Overall, 63 patients with CD were included (mean follow-up = 4.8 ± 3.1 semesters). In multivariate analysis (n = 303 semesters), complete BWH or BWH was associated with sustained CFREM according to MaRIA [OR = 4.42 (2.29-26.54); p = 0.042 and OR = 3.43 (1.02-27.02); p = 0.047, respectively] or Clermont score [OR = 3.09 (1.01-12.91); p = 0.049 and OR = 3.88 (1.40-13.80); p = 0.036, respectively]. In multivariate analysis (n = 63 patients), complete BWH or BWH was associated with decreased risk of surgery using MaRIA [HR = 0.16 (0.043-0.63); p = 0.008 and HR = 0.24 (0.07-0.77); p = 0.017, respectively] or Clermont score [HR = 0.24 (0.07-0.78); p = 0.016 and HR = 0.23 (0.07-0.76); p = 0.016, respectively].Conclusions: MRI endpoints are predictive of favorable outcomes after medical therapy and could be used as therapeutic target in daily practice and clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hurricane Maria was associated with record‐breaking rainfall over Puerto Rico and caused unprecedented flooding and landslides. Here we analyze the extreme rainfall produced by Hurricane Maria using 35 stations with daily precipitation data from 1956–2016. A covariate‐based extreme value analysis point process approach that accounts for natural climate variability and long‐term climate change influences on extreme rainfall is applied. Hurricane Maria produced the single largest maximum rainfall event since 1956 and had the highest total averaged precipitation of 129 storms that have impacted the island since 1956. Return periods for an event of Hurricane Maria's precipitation magnitude decreased in 48.6% of stations across Puerto Rico and at least halved when averaged across the island. Within the most affected areas it is likely that the probability of precipitation of Maria's magnitude has increased by a factor greater than 1 (best estimate 4.85) as a result of long‐term climate trends. Plain Language Summary: Hurricane Maria was associated with record‐breaking rainfall over Puerto Rico, which caused unprecedented flooding and landslides across the island and led to widespread devastation. Here we analyze the extreme rainfall produced by Hurricane Maria using 35 historical weather stations with daily precipitation data from 1956–2016. We use a statistical analysis technique to determine how unusual Maria's rainfall was and if Maria's rainfall can be attributed to climate variability and/or climate change. We find that Hurricane Maria produced the single largest maximum rainfall event since 1956 and had the highest precipitation of 129 storms that have impacted the island since 1956. Our study concludes that extreme precipitation, like that of Hurricane Maria, has become much more likely in recent years and long‐term trends in atmospheric and sea surface temperature are both linked to increased precipitation in Puerto Rico. These results place Maria prominently in the context of extreme storms that have impacted Puerto Rico and indicate that such events are becoming increasingly likely. Key Points: Hurricane Maria was the most extreme rainfall event when compared to 129 tropical cyclonesReturn periods for Hurricane Maria's precipitation decreased by at least half across Puerto Rico, indicating increased likelihood in recent yearsThe probability of Maria's heaviest precipitation has likely increased as a result of long‐term climate trends [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About Maria Schnittke, an imaginary post-exotic writer, and her novel "Les Visages de Terre," which depicts spiders as the last hope for humanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar y describir tanto la presencia y significado de la burguesía agraria en el Valle del Cauca, como los valores morales y económicos inherentes a esta. “María” y “El Alférez Real”, las dos novelas regionales más representativas del siglo XIX, constituyen el escenario de indagación ideal; no solo por su carácter fundacional de la literatura del suroccidente colombiano, sino por sintetizar en sí las tensiones y ambigüedades propias del período pos independentista; el mismo que se debatía entre la pretensión de libertad y el continuismo de la mentalidad colonial.

O presente texto tem como objetivo apresentar, a partir dos pontos de vista da fenomenologia, psicologia e ciência da religião, em diálogo com a teologia, algumas observações sobre a construção do imaginário sobre a Virgem Maria na Igreja Católica, principalmente na denominada piedade ou religiosidade popular. Portanto, é pretendido observar os significados de algumas expressões históricas que manifestam a piedade mariana, enfatizando, em tais expressões, as relações entre subjetividade, afetividade e doutrina como construtoras de sensibilidades e devoções marianas que, revelando os rostos de Maria, revelam, também, o rosto de seus devotos – e da Igreja Católica - de cada época histórica.

O presente artigo trata da suposta aparição de Maria em uma comunidade neo-esotérica situada no sul de Minas Gerais. Assentada no contexto da pós-modernidade religiosa com sua dinâmica de desinstitucionalização e trânsito religioso, a aparição e o grupo nela envolvido são permeados por crenças new age e práticas católicas mimetizadas, figurando como um exemplo da porosidade do Catolicismo às tendências do “espírito da época”.

La historia de los carmelitas hunde sus raíces en las comunidades de eremitas del Monte Carmelo y en su vínculo con el profeta Elías, lo que permitió a los hermanos entrar en una relación espiritual privilegiada con el profeta y con la Virgen María. Cuando los ermitaños se vieron obligados a abandonar Tierra Santa, a fines del siglo XII, este vínculo siguió siendo una característica distintiva para construir la identidad de la Orden y rediseñar la historia de sus orígenes. La historia del monasterio más antiguo de Apulia en Brindisi y los testimonios iconográficos verificados en toda la Provincia Carmelita de Apulia permiten perfilar en este territorio el rostro mariano del Carmelo y rastrear en él la memoria de Tierra Santa. En este proceso de reconstrucción y celebración de la historia de los orígenes carmelitas en Apulia han desarrollado un papel importante las fuentes literarias e iconográficas.

Objectives To sequence the genomes and determine the genetic mechanisms for linezolid resistance identified in three strains of Enterococcus isolated from cattle and swine caecal contents as part of the US National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) surveillance programme. Methods Broth microdilution was used for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing to assess linezolid resistance. Resistance mechanisms and plasmid types were identified from data generated by WGS on Illumina®and PacBio®platforms. Conjugation experiments were performed to determine whether identified mechanisms were transmissible. Results Linezolid resistance plasmids containing optrA were identified in two Enterococcus faecalis isolates and one Enterococcus faecium. The E. faecium isolate also carried the linezolid resistance gene cfr on the same plasmid as optrA. The linezolid resistance plasmids had various combinations of additional resistance genes conferring resistance to phenicols (fexA), aminoglycosides [ spc and aph(3′)-III ] and macrolides [ erm (A) and erm (B)]. One of the plasmids was confirmed to be transmissible by conjugation, resulting in linezolid resistance in the transconjugant. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first identification of linezolid resistance in the USA in bacteria isolated from food animals. The oxazolidinone class of antibiotics is not used in food animals in the USA, but the genes responsible for resistance were identified on plasmids with other resistance markers, indicating that there may be co-selection for these plasmids due to the use of different antimicrobials. The transmissibility of one of the plasmids demonstrated the potential for linezolid resistance to spread horizontally. Additional surveillance is necessary to determine whether similar plasmids are present in human strains of Enterococcus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In accordance with the policy actions that address childhood overweight and obesity at European level and as a contribution to the EU Action Plan on Childhood Obesity 2014–20, a Joint Action on Nutrition and Physical Activity (JANPA) was established. As part of JANPA work package 6, an evaluation framework to identify good practices, targeting childhood obesity prevention in kindergartens and schools, was developed. This article describes the WP 6 JANPA framework of good practice criteria and its development, compares it to other frameworks and discusses its potential for future use. Methods Based on the analysis of scientific literature, a set of 47 potential good practice criteria was drafted, that was then revised and complemented through a series of online Delphi consultations. Results A final list of 48 good practice criteria (9 of which were rated as core criteria) was developed and grouped into three categories: intervention characteristics (n = 17), implementation (n = 17) and monitoring and evaluation (n = 14). Conclusion The identified JANPA framework of good practice criteria complements the existing frameworks by focussing on kindergarten- and school-based initiatives and provides guidance for evaluators, programme planners and decision makers bearing in mind that a one-size-fits-all approach is inadequate. To ensure the effectiveness of future practices, programme planners should endeavour to meet at least the nine JANPA core criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tapping into the Romantic predilection for nature, flower symbolism is widespread in Jorge Isaacs's María (1867), set amid the lush Cauca Valley in a period before the abolition of slavery in Colombia. Flowers have been identified as encoding female eroticism in the novel, propelling the tragic love affair between the narrator and the eponymous heroine, who, as well as frequently being compared to flora, spends much of her time in her garden, collecting and arranging flowers as love-tokens for Efraín. At the end of María, after the heroine's death, the flowers picked in the throes of young love are described as 'marchitas y carcomidas', encoding María's untimely demise as well as intimating, as I will suggest in the conclusion, the waning of plantation culture in South America. This article will explore horticulture motifs in the novel, including the multiple references to human hair, which was once thought to share the same physiology as plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]