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A decline in the antioxidant network during the inflammatory response plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. We designed this study to decipher the therapeutic efficacy of Brenania brieyi in reducing oxidative stress caused by the inflammatory response to cotton pellets. Graded doses of methanol and chloroform fractions of B. brieyi (MFBB and CFBB) and indomethacin were administered to Wistar rats for seven days after implanting sterilised cotton pellets (20 mg). Thereafter, biochemical indices of oxidative stress were determined using blood samples taken through cardiac puncture. Furthermore, molecular interactions, drug-likeness, and toxicity features of B. brieyi phytochemicals were also assessed. Compared with the untreated group, the groups treated with MFBB and CFBB had a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in granuloma tissue weight and MDA levels while increasing glutathione levels, SOD, and CAT activities. In addition, a substantial increase in inflammatory-induced changes in antioxidant nutrients, together with a decline in liver enzymes, was obtained in the treated groups. The docking tests revealed that the top-scoring phytoconstituents of B. brieyi, n-hexadecanoic acid, and 9-octadecanoic acid interacted well with catalase, having docking scores of -6.19 and -7.58 kcal/mol, respectively. Moreover, the hits had good oral drug-likeness features and a safe toxicity profile. The findings of the study provide evidence that B. brieyi has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that it could be used as an alternative therapy to regulate oxidative stress-related diseases.

Abstract Background The most commonly occurring mechanism driving ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction is thrombosis. It is normally characterized by platelet activation and aggregation. Thrombolytics have been used in the treatment of several forms of thrombosis, but their adverse effects have limited their usefulness. Thus, there is a need to develop alternatives from medicinal plants known to possess antithrombotic activity such as Costus afer. Results The phytochemical evaluations indicated the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins. The antithrombotic profiling showed that streptokinase had the highest percentage clot lysis, followed by ethylacetate fraction of the extract, which was higher than aspirin and other fractions of the extract. Conclusion The present findings show that C. afer stem extract and various fractions possess antithrombotic activities. However, further studies are needed to characterize the antithrombotic bioactive compounds present in the different fractions that are responsible for the activities.

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases have continued to be the leading cause of death globally. In addition, some of the drugs used in the treatment of the diseases present some adverse effects which limit the usefulness of such drugs. Thus, there is a need for novel drugs whose side effect is either minimal or non-existent. The presence of bioactive compounds in Cola hispida leaf is of great significance in the treatment and management of cardiovascular conditions. This study investigated the cardio-protective potential against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiac infarction in rats. Results Dox induction resulted to muscle fiber degeneration in Dox-treated rats hence revealed significant (p < 0.05) elevation in the serum level of cardio biomarker enzymes and lipid peroxidation profile while significant (p < 0.05) fall in cardiac enzymatic antioxidant levels were observed relative to the normal control. Pre-treatment with ethyl acetate fraction of Cola hispida leaf expressed cardio-protective potentials against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity by significantly (p < 0.05) lowering the levels of cardiac biomarker enzymes towards normal, building up the activities of subdued antioxidant enzymes and depleting its malondialdehyde level. Histopathology photomicrograph of the heart tissues expressed myxomatous degeneration but was ameliorated through the administration of the fraction. Conclusion In accordance with the findings from this study, the administration of ethyl acetate fraction of Cola hispida leaf is effective against Dox-induced redox imbalance due to its enriched antioxidant phytoconstituents.