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This article discusses a case report of a patient who underwent a surgical procedure called transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery (TONES) to treat a frontal epidural hematoma. TONES is a minimally invasive approach that has been shown to have better cosmetic outcomes and shorter hospital stays compared to other skull base surgeries. The article highlights that there are no reported cases of managing epidural hematomas through TONES and no reports of the local experience and results in Latin America. The authors conclude that TONES is a safe and effective approach for treating skull base pathologies, including traumatic brain injuries, and should be encouraged in Latin America. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the Journal of Neurological Surgery, discusses penetrating transorbital brain injuries (TOBIs), which are relatively rare and unique types of trauma. The diagnosis of TOBI requires a high degree of suspicion, thorough clinical examination, and appropriate imaging. Treatment options for TOBI include conservative and surgical approaches, but there is little evidence of their effectiveness and superiority. The article presents a case series of TOBI, describing the foreign body, surgical approach, outcomes, and complications, and also reviews the available literature. The authors conclude that prompt surgical management is crucial for TOBI, and they discuss the use of transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery as a viable and secure approach. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract Background Case description Conclusion Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are vascular lesions that commonly present with intracranial haemorrhage. Pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of bAVM rupture. However, their natural history in pregnant women is uncertain.A 27-year-old female at 28 weeks of gestation presented with a compromised neurological status secondary to a ruptured left frontal Spetzler-Martin scale (SM) III + bAVM. An emergent caesarean section was performed due to the high risk of foetal distress. Endovascular treatment successfully controlled the bleeding site, and stereotactic radiosurgery was offered as a subsequent treatment option.bAVMs should be considered in pregnant women with intracranial haemorrhage. The management of these lesions during pregnancy is controversial. Surgical risk and foetal development should be considered when selecting a management strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To present a young immunocompetent patient with a fourth ventricle tuberculoma without pulmonary tuberculosis. A previously healthy young male patient presented with a history of headache, nausea, and blurred vision. Neuroimaging revealed a mass present in the fourth ventricle. The lesion was successfully resected. Histological and microbiological findings suggested the presence of a tuberculoma. Tuberculomas can be found in the posterior fossa in adults. This infectious pathology should not be forsaken when considering the differential diagnosis for infratentorial masses.