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9. The distribution of Cat-301 immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex

Author

McGuire, Philip K.

Subjects
612.8
Abstract

The distribution of the monoclonal antibody Cat-301 was examined in the cerebral cortex of macaque monkeys. Throughout the cerebral cortex, Cat-301 labelled the soma and proximal dendrites of a restricted population of neurones. The distribution was uniform within cytoarchitecturally defined areas (or subareas) but varied between them, with respect to the density of labelled neurones, the intensity of their immunoreactivity, their morphology, and their laminar distribution. Large numbers of intensely immunoreactive neurones were evident in motor related areas of the frontal lobe, somatosensory areas in the pareital lobe, and areas specialised for the analysis of visual motion in the parietal and occipital lobes. The heavily labelled areas are known to be interconnected, and the Cat-301 positive neurones within them were concentrated in the laminae from which their cortico-cortical connections arise. Given the critical role of somatosensory and visuospatial information in the execution of somatic and ocular movements, the heavily labelled areas may be regarded as sharing a broadly motor function. The timing of the expression of the antigen recognised by Cat-301 during development, its peri-synaptic location, and its biochemical characteristics suggest that it may play a role in the stabilisation of synaptic connections. Cat-301 may label networks of areas with a similar functional specialisation because the antigen plays such a role in relation to the specific interconnections that exist between them.

Published
1992

11. Superior Temporal Activation as a Function of Linguistic Knowledge: Insights from Deaf Native Signers Who Speechread

Author

Capek, Cheryl M., Woll, Bencie, MacSweeney, Mairead, Waters, Dafydd, McGuire, Philip K., David, Anthony S., Brammer, Michael J., and Campbell, Ruth

Abstract

Studies of spoken and signed language processing reliably show involvement of the posterior superior temporal cortex. This region is also reliably activated by observation of meaningless oral and manual actions. In this study we directly compared the extent to which activation in posterior superior temporal cortex is modulated by linguistic knowledge irrespective of differences in language form. We used a novel cross-linguistic approach in two groups of volunteers who differed in their language experience. Using fMRI, we compared deaf native signers of British Sign Language (BSL), who were also proficient speechreaders of English (i.e., two languages) with hearing people who could speechread English, but knew no BSL (i.e., one language). Both groups were presented with BSL signs and silently spoken English words, and were required to respond to a signed or spoken target. The interaction of group and condition revealed activation in the superior temporal cortex, bilaterally, focused in the posterior superior temporal gyri (pSTG, BA 42/22). In hearing people, these regions were activated more by speech than by sign, but in deaf respondents they showed similar levels of activation for both language forms--suggesting that posterior superior temporal regions are highly sensitive to language knowledge irrespective of the mode of delivery of the stimulus material. (Contains 1 figure and 1 table.)

Published
2010
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14. Elevated Striatal Dopamine Function in Immigrants and Their Children: A Risk Mechanism for Psychosis

Author

Egerton, Alice, Howes, Oliver D., Houle, Sylvain, McKenzie, Kwame, Valmaggia, Lucia R., Bagby, Michael R., Tseng, Huai-Hsuan, Bloomfield, Michael A. P., Kenk, Miran, Bhattacharyya, Sagnik, Suridjan, Ivonne, Chaddock, Chistopher A., Winton-Brown, Toby T., Allen, Paul, Rusjan, Pablo, Remington, Gary, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, McGuire, Philip K., and Mizrahi, Romina

Published
2017
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18. Abnormal effective connectivity and psychopathological symptoms in the psychosis high-risk state

Author

Schmidt, Andre, Smieskova, Renata, Simon, Andor, Allen, Paul, Fusar-Poli, Paolo, McGuire, Philip K., Bendfeldt, Kerstin, Aston, Jacqueline, Lang, Undine E., Walter, Marc, Radue, Ernst-Wilhelm, Riecher-Rossler, Anita, and Borgwardt, Stefan J.

Subjects
Psychoanalysis -- Methods, Psychoses -- Physiological aspects, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Background: Recent evidence has revealed abnormal functional connectivity between the frontal and parietal brain regions during working memory processing in patients with schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis. However, it still remains unclear whether abnormal frontoparietal connectivity during working memory processing is already evident in the psychosis high-risk state and whether the connection strengths are related to psychopathological outcomes. Methods: Healthy controls and antipsychotic-naive individuals with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) performed an n-back working memory task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Effective connectivity between frontal and parietal brain regions during working memory processing were characterized using dynamic causal modelling. Results: Our study included 19 controls and 27 individuals with an ARMS. In individuals with an ARMS, we found significantly lower task performances and reduced activity in the right superior parietal lobule and middle frontal gyrus than in controls. Furthermore, the working memory-induced modulation of the connectivity from the right middle frontal gyrus to the right superior parietal lobule was significantly reduced in individuals with an ARMS, while the extent of this connectivity was negatively related to the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale total score. Limitations: The modest sample size precludes a meaningful subgroup analysis for participants with a later transition to psychosis. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that abnormal frontoparietal connectivity during working memory processing is already evident in individuals with an ARMS and is related to psychiatric symptoms. Thus, our results provide further insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of the psychosis high-risk state by linking functional brain imaging, computational modelling and psychopathology., Introduction A key challenge in research on the early detection of psychosis is to find robust neural markers to characterize the brain mechanisms underlying the onset of psychosis. A fundamental [...]

Published
2014
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20. Heterogeneity of Psychosis Risk Within Individuals at Clinical High Risk: A Meta-analytical Stratification

Author

Fusar-Poli, Paolo, Cappucciati, Marco, Borgwardt, Stefan, Woods, Scott W., Addington, Jean, Nelson, Barnaby, Nieman, Dorien H., Stahl, Daniel R., Rutigliano, Grazia, Riecher-Rössler, Anita, Simon, Andor E., Mizuno, Masafumi, Lee, Tae Young, Kwon, Jun Soo, Lam, May M. L., Perez, Jesus, Keri, Szabolcs, Amminger, Paul, Metzler, Sibylle, Kawohl, Wolfram, Rössler, Wulf, Lee, Jimmy, Labad, Javier, Ziermans, Tim, An, Suk Kyoon, Liu, Chen-Chung, Woodberry, Kristen A., Braham, Amel, Corcoran, Cheryl, McGorry, Patrick, Yung, Alison R., and McGuire, Philip K.

Published
2016
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39. Structural covariance in the hallucinating brain: a voxel-based morphometry study

Author

Modinos, Gemma, Vercammen, Ans, Mechelli, Andrea, Knegtering, Henderikus, McGuire, Philip K., and Aleman, Andre

Subjects
Schizophrenia -- Physiological aspects, Antipsychotic drugs -- Dosage and administration, Antipsychotic drugs -- Physiological aspects, Auditory hallucinations -- Risk factors, Auditory hallucinations -- Physiological aspects
Abstract

Background: Neuroimaging studies have indicated that a number of cortical regions express altered patterns of structural covariance in schizophrenia. The relation between these alterations and specific psychotic symptoms is yet to be investigated. We used voxel-based morphometry to examine regional grey matter volumes and structural covariance associated with severity of auditory verbal hallucinations. Methods: We applied optimized voxel-based morphometry to volumetric magnetic resonance imaging data from 26 patients with medication-resistant auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs); statistical inferences were made at p< 0.05 after correction for multiple comparisons. Results: Grey matter volume in the left inferior frontal gyrus was positively correlated with severity of AVHs. Hallucination severity influenced the pattern of structural covariance between this region and the left superior/middle temporal gyri, the right inferior frontal gyrus and hippocampus, and the insula bilaterally. Limitations: The results are based on self-reported severity of auditory hallucinations. Complementing with a clinician-based instrument could have made the findings more compelling. Future studies would benefit from including a measure to control for other symptoms that may covary with AVHs and for the effects of antipsychotic medication. Conclusion: The results revealed that overall severity of AVHs modulated cortical intercorrelations between frontotemporal regions involved in language production and verbal monitoring, supporting the critical role of this network in the pathophysiology of hallucinations., Introduction Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are one of the most devastating symptoms of schizophrenia. (1) Neuroimaging findings suggest that AVHs are associated with activation within a distributed network involved in [...]

Published
2009

40. Distinct effects of (theta)9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on neural activation during emotional processing

Author

Fusar-Poli, Paolo, Crippa, Jose A., Bhattacharya, Sagnik, Brogwardt, Stefan J., Allen, Paul, Martin-Santos, Rocio, Seal, Marc, Surguladze, Simon A., O'Carrol, Colin, Atakan, Zerrin, Zuardi, Antonio W., and McGuire, Philip K.

Subjects
Tetrahydrocannabinol -- Health aspects, Tetrahydrocannabinol -- Physiological aspects, Tetrahydrocannabinol -- Research, Neural circuitry -- Physiological aspects, Neural circuitry -- Research, Emotion regulation -- Physiological aspects, Emotion regulation -- Research, Health, Psychology and mental health
Published
2009

41. Elevated striatal dopamine function linked to prodromal signs of schizophrenia

Author

Howes, Oliver D., Montgomery, Andrew J., Asselin, Marie-Claude, Murray, Robin M., Valli, Isabel, Tabraham, Paul, Bramon-Bosch Elvira, Valmaggia, Lucia, Johns, Louise, Broome, Matthew, McGuire, Philip K., and Grasby, Paul M.

Subjects
Schizophrenia -- Development and progression, Schizophrenia -- Research, Dopaminergic mechanisms -- Physiological aspects, Dopaminergic mechanisms -- Research, Health, Psychology and mental health
Published
2009

44. Fronto-temporal interactions during overt verbal initiation and suppression

Author

Allen, Paul, Mechelli, Andrea, Stephan, Klaas E., Day, Fern, Dalton, Jeffery, Williams, Steven, and McGuire, Philip K.

Subjects
Frontal lobes -- Physiological aspects, Temporal lobes -- Physiological aspects, Psycholinguistics -- Research, Health, Psychology and mental health
Published
2008

45. Hand and mouth: cortical correlates of lexical processing in British sign language and speechreading English

Author

Capek, Cheryl M., Waters, Dafydd, Woll, Bencie, MacSweeney, Mairead, Brammer, Michael J., McGuire, Philip K., David, Anthony S., and Campbell, Ruth

Subjects
English language -- Research, Sign language -- Research, Cerebral cortex -- Properties, Lipreading -- Physiological aspects, Neurolinguistics -- Research, Brain research, Health, Psychology and mental health
Published
2008

47. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thalamus and adhesio interthalamica in twins with schizophrenia

Author

Ettinger, Ulrich, Picchioni, Marco, Landau, Sabine, Matsumoto, Kazunori, Haren, Neeltje E. van, Marshall, Niolette, Hall, Mei-Hua, Schulze, Katja, Toulopoulou, Timothea, Davies, Nadia, Ribchester, Tracy, McGuire, Philip K., and Murray, Robin M.

Subjects
Thalamus -- Abnormalities, Thalamus -- Medical examination, Schizophrenia -- Development and progression, Schizophrenia -- Genetic aspects, Twins -- Medical examination, Magnetic resonance imaging -- Analysis, Health, Psychology and mental health
Published
2007

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