45 results on '"Mcbride, E. E."'
Search Results
2. DC electrical conductivity measurements of warm dense matter using ultrafast THz radiation.
- Author
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Ofori-Okai, B. K., Descamps, A., McBride, E. E., Mo, M. Z., Weinmann, A., Seipp, L. E., Ali, S. J., Chen, Z., Fletcher, L. B., and Glenzer, S. H.
- Subjects
ELECTRON-ion collisions ,ELECTRON-electron interactions ,ELECTRIC conductivity ,RADIATION ,ELECTRICAL conductivity measurement - Abstract
We describe measurements of the DC electrical conductivity of warm dense matter using ultrafast terahertz (THz) pulses. THz fields are sufficiently slowly varying that they behave like DC fields on the timescale of electron–electron and electron–ion interactions and hence probe DC-like responses. Using a novel single-shot electro-optic sampling technique, the electrical conductivity of the laser-generated warm dense matter was determined with <1 ps temporal resolution. We present the details of the single-shot THz detection methodology as well as considerations for warm dense matter experiments. We, then, provide proof-of-concept studies on aluminum driven to the warm dense matter regime through isochoric heating and shock compression. Our results indicate a decrease in the conductivity when driven to warm dense matter conditions and provide a platform for future warm dense matter studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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3. Phase transition lowering in dynamically compressed silicon
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McBride, E. E., Krygier, A., Ehnes, A., Galtier, E., Harmand, M., Konôpková, Z., Lee, H. J., Liermann, H.-P., Nagler, B., Pelka, A., Rödel, M., Schropp, A., Smith, R. F., Spindloe, C., Swift, D., Tavella, F., Toleikis, S., Tschentscher, T., Wark, J. S., and Higginbotham, A.
- Published
- 2019
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4. An approach for the measurement of the bulk temperature of single crystal diamond using an X-ray free electron laser
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Descamps, A., Ofori-Okai, B. K., Appel, K., Cerantola, V., Comley, A., Eggert, J. H., Fletcher, L. B., Gericke, D. O., Göde, S., Humphries, O., Karnbach, O., Lazicki, A., Loetzsch, R., McGonegle, D., Palmer, C. A. J., Plueckthun, C., Preston, T. R., Redmer, R., Senesky, D. G., Strohm, C., Uschmann, I., White, T. G., Wollenweber, L., Monaco, G., Wark, J. S., Hastings, J. B., Zastrau, U., Gregori, G., Glenzer, S. H., and McBride, E. E.
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- 2020
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5. Investigating off-Hugoniot states using multi-layer ring-up targets
- Author
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McGonegle, D., Heighway, P. G., Sliwa, M., Bolme, C. A., Comley, A. J., Dresselhaus-Marais, L. E., Higginbotham, A., Poole, A. J., McBride, E. E., Nagler, B., Nam, I., Seaberg, M. H., Remington, B. A., Rudd, R. E., Wehrenberg, C. E., and Wark, J. S.
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- 2020
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6. Demonstration of X-ray Thomson scattering as diagnostics for miscibility in warm dense matter
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Frydrych, S., Vorberger, J., Hartley, N. J., Schuster, A. K., Ramakrishna, K., Saunders, A. M., van Driel, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J., Glenzer, S. H., Granados, E., MacDonald, M. J., MacKinnon, A. J., McBride, E. E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Pak, A., Voigt, K., Roth, M., Sun, P., Gericke, D. O., Döppner, T., and Kraus, D.
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- 2020
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- View/download PDF
7. Evidence for Crystalline Structure in Dynamically-Compressed Polyethylene up to 200 GPa
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Hartley, N. J., Brown, S., Cowan, T. E., Cunningham, E., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Frydrych, S., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J., Laso Garcia, A., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Granados, E., Heimann, P. A., Lee, H. J., MacDonald, M. J., MacKinnon, A. J., McBride, E. E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Pak, A., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Ravasio, A., Rödel, M., Rohatsch, K., Saunders, A. M., Schölmerich, M., Schörner, M., Schuster, A. K., Sun, P., van Driel, T., Vorberger, J., and Kraus, D.
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- 2019
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8. Formation of diamonds in laser-compressed hydrocarbons at planetary interior conditions
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Kraus, D., Vorberger, J., Pak, A., Hartley, N. J., Fletcher, L. B., Frydrych, S., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Granados, E., MacDonald, M. J., MacKinnon, A. J., McBride, E. E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Roth, M., Saunders, A. M., Schuster, A. K., Sun, P., van Driel, T., Döppner, T., and Falcone, R. W.
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- 2017
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9. X-ray diffraction study of phase transformation dynamics of Fe and Fe-Si alloys along the shock Hugoniot using an x-ray free electron laser
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Krygier, A., Harmand, M., Albertazzi, B., McBride, E. E., Miyanishi, K., Antonangeli, D., Inubushi, Y., Kodama, R., Koenig, M., Matsuoka, T., Mogni, G., Pietrucci, F., Saitta, A. M., Togashi, T., Umeda, Y., Vinci, T., Yabashi, M., Yabuuchi, T., Fiquet, G., Ozaki, N., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] - Abstract
International audience; The x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) enables probing highly compressed material response at the subnanosecond timescale. We exploit the ultrafast XFEL pulse to combine reflection x-ray diffraction and laserdriven shock compression to perform a study of phase transformation and stability in iron and Fe-Si alloys. Our approach enables us to observe that solid-solid phase transformations occur in iron and Fe-Si8.5wt% in ≤130 ps at ∼130 GPa; no transformation is observed in Fe-Si16wt% up to 110 GPa. Density Functional Theory calculations predict similar phase relations.
- Published
- 2022
10. Recovery of Release Cloud from Laser Shock-Loaded Graphite and Hydrocarbon Targets: In Search of Diamonds
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Schuster, A. K., Voigt, K., Klemmed, B., Hartley, N. J., Lütgert, B. J., Bähtz, C., Benad, A., Brabetz, C., Cowan, T., Doeppner, T., Erb, D., Eychmueller, A., Facsko, S., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Frydrych, S., Ganzenmüller, G. C., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Grenzer, J., Helbig, U., Hiermaier, S., Hübner, R., Laso García, A., Lee, H. J., Macdonald, M. J., McBride, E. E., Neumayer, P., Pak, A., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Prosvetov, A., Rack, A., Ravasio, A., Redmer, R., Reemts, D., Rödel, M., Schoelmerich, M., Schumacher, D., Tomut, M., Turner, S. J., Saunders, A. M., Sun, P., Vorberger, J., Zettl, A., and Kraus, D.
- Abstract
This work presents first insights into the dynamics of free-surface release clouds from dynamically compressed polystyrene and pyrolytic graphite at pressures up to 200 GPa, where they transform into diamond or lonsdaleite, respectively. These ejecta clouds are released into either vacuum or various types of catcher systems, and are monitored with high-speed recordings (frame rates up to 10 MHz). Molecular dynamics simulations are used to give insights to the rate of diamond preservation throughout the free expansion and the catcher impact process, highlighting the challenges of diamond retrieval. Raman spectroscopy data show graphitic signatures on a catcher plate confirming that the shock-compressed PS is transformed. First electron microscopy analyses of solid catcher plates yield an outstanding number of different spherical-like objects in the size range between ten(s) up to hundreds of nanometres, which are one type of two potential diamond candidates identified. The origin of some objects can unambiguously be assigned, while the history of others remains speculative.
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- 2022
11. Probing ultrafast laser plasma processes inside solids with resonant small angle X-ray scattering
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Gaus, L., Bischoff, L., Bussmann, M., Cunningham, E., Curry, C. B., E, Juncheng, Galtier, E., Gauthier, M., Laso García, A., Garten, M., Glenzer, S., Grenzer, J., Gutt, C., Hartley, N., Huang, L., Hübner, U., Kraus, D., Lee, H. J., McBride, E. E., Metzkes-Ng, J., Nagler, B., Nakatsutsumi, M., Nikl, J., Ota, M., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Randolph, L., Rödel, M., Sakawa, Y., Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Smid, M., Treffert, F., Voigt, K., Zeil, K., Cowan, T., Schramm, U., and Kluge, T.
- Abstract
Extreme states of matter exist throughout the universe e.g. inside planetary cores, stars or astrophysical jets. Such conditions can be generated in the laboratory in the interaction of powerful lasers with solids. Yet, the measurement of the subsequent plasma dynamics with regard to density, temperature and ionization is a major experimental challenge. However, ultra-short X-ray pulses provided by X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) allow for dedicated studies, which are highly relevant to study laboratory astrophysics, laser-fusion research or laser-plasma-based particle acceleration. Here, we report on experiments that employ a novel ultrafast method, which allows to simultaneously access temperature, ionization state and nanometer scale expansion dynamics in high-intensity laser-driven solid-density plasmas with a single X-ray detector. Using this method, we gain access to the expansion dynamics of a buried layer in compound samples, and we measure opacity changes arising from bound-bound resonance transitions in highly ionized copper. The presence of highly ionized copper leads to a temperature estimate of at least 2 million Kelvin already after the first 100 femtoseconds following the high-intensity laser irradiation. More specifically, we make use of asymmetries in small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns, which arise from different spatial distributions of absorption and scattering cross sections in nanostructured grating samples when we tune an XFEL to atomic resonant energies of copper. Thereby, changes in asymmetry can be connected with the evolution of the plasma expansion and ionization dynamics. The potential of XFEL-based resonant SAXS to obtain three-dimensional ultrafast, nanoscopic information on density and opacity may offer a unique path for the characterization of dynamic processes in High Energy Density plasmas.
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- 2021
12. Measuring the structure and equation of state of polyethylene terephthalate at megabar pressures
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Lütgert, B. J., Vorberger, J., Hartley, N., Voigt, K., Rödel, M., Schuster, A., Brown, S., Cowan, T., Cunningham, E., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Galtier, E., Glenzer, S. H., Laso García, A., Gericke, D. O., Heimann, P. A., Lee, H. J., Mcbride, E. E., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Ravasio, A., Saunders, A. M., Schölmerich, M., SchÖrner, M., Sun, P., and Kraus, D.
- Abstract
We present structure measurements of biaxially orientated polyethylene terephthalate (PET, (C10H8O4)n , also called mylar) shock-compressed to (155+/-20) GPa and (6000+/-1000) K using in situ X-ray diffraction. Comparing to density functional theory molecular dynamics simulations, we find a highly correlated liquid that exhibits a temperature signficantly lower than predicted by some equation-of-state tables, which underlines the influence of complex chemical interactions in this regime. Indeed, at the inferred temperature and pressure, formation of nanodiamonds may be expected as recently observed in polystyrene at similar conditions. While some hints of diamond formation from PET are visible in the diffraction data, the strong liquid correlations prevent a conclusive statement as to whether diamonds are formed inside the sample volume.
- Published
- 2021
13. Dataset: Measuring the structure and equation of state of polyethylene terephthalate at megabar pressures
- Author
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Lütgert, B. J., Vorberger, J., Hartley, N., Voigt, K., Rödel, M., Schuster, A., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Brown, S., Cowan, T., Cunningham, E., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Galtier, E., Glenzer, S. H., Laso García, A., Gericke, D. O., Heimann, P. A., Lee, H. J., McBride, E. E., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Saunders, A. M., Schölmerich, M., Schörner, M., Sun, P., Vinci, T., Ravasio, A., and Kraus, D.
- Abstract
This repository contains raw-data related to our publication "Measuring the structure and equation of state of polyethylene terephthalate at megabar pressures". The XRD data in the "LCLS" folder is accompanied with a "calibration.poni" file that provides information about the experiment's geometry and can be used in pyFAI (GitHub page) or Dioptas (GitHub page) to integrate the two-dimensional data azimuthally. Integrated XRD data after background-subtraction and filter-corrections is presented in Fig. 2 and 3 of the manuscript while 2D data of run 215 is used in Fig. 1. The "shotlist.csv" file contains information about the relative X-ray to drive-laser timing, shot-type and X-ray energy for the individual events. VISAR, SOP and reflectivity measurements can be found in the "LULI" directory. 2ω-VISAR and SOP datasets of shot 08 are displayed as inserts in Fig. 5 (the first after performing a ghost-fringe subtraction). "shotlist.csv" provides additional parameters. The DFTMD folder contains the results of our density functional theory molecular dynamics simulation. In the "XRD" subdirectory, "wrofk_mylar_chomd*.dat" files can be found in which the quantities to calculate the lineouts in Fig. 3 and 4 are saved for given temperatures, pressures and densities. The header of those files is given in "header.txt" and additional information about the conditions and settings for individual calculations can be obtained from "param_mylar_md.txt". The dataset for the Hugoniot curve from our DFT-MD equation-of-state (which is plotted in Fig. 5) is provided in the "Hugoniot" sub-folder.
- Published
- 2021
14. Resonant SAXS data used in publication: 'Probing ultrafast laser plasma processes inside solids with resonant small angle X-ray scattering'
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Gaus, L., Bischoff, L., Bussmann, M., Cunningham, E., Curry, C. B., E, Juncheng, Galtier, E., Gauthier, M., Laso García, A., Garten, M., Glenzer, S., Grenzer, J., Gutt, C., Hartley, N., Huang, L., Hübner, U., Kraus, D., Lee, H. J., McBride, E. E., Metzkes-Ng, J., Nagler, B., Nakatsutsumi, M., Nikl, J., Ota, M., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Randolph, L., Rödel, M., Sakawa, Y., Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Smid, M., Treffert, F., Voigt, K., Zeil, K., Cowan, T., Schramm, U., and Kluge, T.
- Abstract
Resonant Small-angle x-ray scattering raw data obtained in measurements at MEC at LCLS and evalutation of the asymmetry in the scattering patterns. The data set is structured in case 1/Si-Cu-compound targets and case 2/Cu-only-targets as presented in the publication for on- and off-resonant XFEL probe energies.
- Published
- 2021
15. Towards performing high-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering measurements at hard X-ray free-electron lasers coupled with energetic laser drivers.
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Descamps, A., Ofori-Okai, B. K., Baldwin, J. K., Chen, Z., Fletcher, L. B., Glenzer, S. H., Hartley, N. J., Hasting, J. B., Khaghani, D., Mo, M., Nagler, B., Recoules, V., Redmer, R., Schörner, M., Sun, P., Wang, Y. Q., White, T. G., and McBride, E. E.
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INELASTIC scattering ,X-ray lasers ,HARD X-rays ,PHOTON counting ,PROPERTIES of matter ,INELASTIC neutron scattering ,X-ray scattering - Abstract
High-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering is an established technique in the synchrotron community, used to investigate collective low-frequency responses of materials. When fielded at hard X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and combined with high-intensity laser drivers, it becomes a promising technique for investigating matter at high temperatures and high pressures. This technique gives access to important thermodynamic properties of matter at extreme conditions, such as temperature, material sound speed, and viscosity. The successful realization of this method requires the acquisition of many identical laser-pump/X-ray-probe shots, allowing the collection of a sufficient number of photons necessary to perform quantitative analyses. Here, a 2.5-fold improvement in the energy resolution of the instrument relative to previous works at the Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC) endstation, Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), and the High Energy Density (HED) instrument, European XFEL, is presented. Some aspects of the experimental design that are essential for improving the number of photons detected in each X-ray shot, making such measurements feasible, are discussed. A careful choice of the energy resolution, the X-ray beam mode provided by the XFEL, and the position of the analysers used in such experiments can provide a more than ten-fold improvement in the photometrics. The discussion is supported by experimental data on 10 mm-thick iron and 50 nm-thick gold samples collected at the MEC endstation at the LCLS, and by complementary ray-tracing simulations coupled with thermal diffuse scattering calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Using simultaneous x-ray diffraction and velocity interferometry to determine material strength in shock-compressed diamond
- Author
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Macdonald, M. J., Mcbride, E. E., Galtier, E., Gauthier, M., Granados, E., Kraus, D., Krygier, A., Levitan, A. L., Mackinnon, A. J., Nam, I., Schumaker, W., Sun, P., Driel, T. B., Vorberger, J., Zhou, X., Drake, R. P., Glenzer, S. H., and Fletcher, L. B.
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Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,high pressure ,diamond ,diffraction ,shock ,strength ,Hugoniot - Abstract
We determine the strength of laser shock-compressed polycrystalline diamond at stresses above the Hugoniot elastic limit using a novel technique combining x-ray diffraction from the Linac Coherent Light Source with velocity interferometry. X-ray diffraction is used to measure lattice strains and velocity interferometry is used to infer shock and particle velocities. These measurements, combined with density-dependent elastic constants calculated using density functional theory, enable determination of material strength above the Hugoniot elastic limit. Our results indicate that diamond retains approximately 20 GPa of strength at longitudinal stresses of 150–300 GPa under shock compression.
- Published
- 2020
17. Techniques for studying materials under extreme states of high energy density compression.
- Author
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Park, Hye-Sook, Ali, S. J. M., Celliers, P. M., Coppari, F., Eggert, J., Krygier, A., Lazicki, A. E., Mcnaney, J. M., Millot, M., Ping, Y., Rudd, R. E., Remington, B. A., Sio, H., Smith, R. F., Knudson, M. D., and McBride, E. E.
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EXTENDED X-ray absorption fine structure ,RAYLEIGH-Taylor instability ,ENERGY density ,MATERIALS science ,INERTIAL confinement fusion ,METAL-insulator transitions - Abstract
The properties of materials under extreme conditions of pressure and density are of key interest to a number of fields, including planetary geophysics, materials science, and inertial confinement fusion. In geophysics, the equations of state of planetary materials, such as hydrogen and iron, under ultrahigh pressure and density provide a better understanding of their formation and interior structure [Celliers et al., "Insulator-metal transition in dense fluid deuterium," Science 361, 677–682 (2018) and Smith et al., "Equation of state of iron under core conditions of large rocky exoplanets," Nat. Astron. 2, 591–682 (2018)]. The processes of interest in these fields occur under conditions of high pressure (100 GPa–100 TPa), high temperature (>3000 K), and sometimes at high strain rates (>10
3 s−1 ) depending on the process. With the advent of high energy density (HED) facilities, such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF), Linear Coherent Light Source, Omega Laser Facility, and Z, these conditions are reachable and numerous experimental platforms have been developed. To measure compression under ultrahigh pressure, stepped targets are ramp-compressed and the sound velocity, measured by the velocity interferometer system for any reflector diagnostic technique, from which the stress-density of relevant materials is deduced at pulsed power [M. D. Knudson and M. P. Desjarlais, "High-precision shock wave measurements of deuterium: Evaluation of exchange-correlation functionals at the molecular-to-atomic transition," Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 035501 (2017)] and laser [Smith et al., "Equation of state of iron under core conditions of large rocky exoplanets," Nat. Astron. 2, 591–682 (2018)] facilities. To measure strength under high pressure and strain rates, experimenters measure the growth of Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities using face-on radiography [Park et al., "Grain-size-independent plastic flow at ultrahigh pressures and strain rates," Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 065502 (2015)]. The crystal structure of materials under high compression is measured by dynamic x-ray diffraction [Rygg et al., "X-ray diffraction at the national ignition facility," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 91, 043902 (2020) and McBride et al., "Phase transition lowering in dynamically compressed silicon," Nat. Phys. 15, 89–94 (2019)]. Medium range material temperatures (a few thousand degrees) can be measured by extended x-ray absorption fine structure techniques, Yaakobi et al., "Extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements of laser-shocked V and Ti and crystal phase transformation in Ti," Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 095504 (2004) and Ping et al., "Solid iron compressed up to 560 GPa," Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 065501 (2013), whereas more extreme temperatures are measured using x-ray Thomson scattering or pyrometry. This manuscript will review the scientific motivations, experimental techniques, and the regimes that can be probed for the study of materials under extreme HED conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. High-pressure chemistry of hydrocarbons relevant to planetary interiors and inertial confinement fusion
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Kraus, D., Hartley, N. J., Frydrych, S., Schuster, A. K., Rohatsch, K., Brown, S., Cowan, T. E., Cunningham, E., Demaio-Turner, S. J., Driel, T., Fletcher, L. B., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J., Laso Garcia, A., Gericke, D. O., Granados, E., Heimann, P. A., Lee, H. J., Macdonald, M. J., Mackinnon, A. J., Mcbride, E. E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Pak, A., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Ravasio, A., Redmer, R., Rödel, M., Saunders, A. M., Schölmerich, M., Schörner, M., Sun, P., Falcone, R. W., Glenzer, S. H., Döppner, T., and Vorberger, J.
- Abstract
Diamond formation in polystyrene (C8H8)n, which is laser-compressed and heated to conditions around 150 GPa and 5,000 K, has recently been demonstrated in the laboratory [D. Kraus et al., Nat. Astron. 1, 606-611 (2017)]. Here we show an extended analysis of the acquired data and their implications for planetary physics and inertial confinement fusion. Moreover, we discuss the advanced diagnostic capabilities of adding high-quality small angle X-ray scattering and spectrally resolved X-ray scattering to the platform, which shows great prospects of precisely studying the kinetics of chemical reactions in dense plasma environments at pressures exceeding 100 GPa.
- Published
- 2018
19. Simultaneous 8.2 keV phase-contrastimaging and 24.6 keV X-ray diffraction fromshock-compressed matter at the LCLS
- Author
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Seiboth, F., Fletcher, L. B., Mcgonegle, D., Anzellini, S., Dresselhaus-Cooper, L. E., Frost, M., Galtier, E., Goede, S., Harmand, M., Lee, H. J., Levitan, A. L., Miyanishi, K., Nagler, B., Nam, I., Ozaki, N., Rödel, M., Schropp, A., Spindloe, C., Sun, P., Wark, J. S., Hastings, J., Glenzer, S. H., and Mcbride, E. E.
- Subjects
germanium ,LCLS ,x-ray diffraction ,Phase Contrast Imaging ,shock compression ,XFEL ,MEC ,PCI ,shock ,Matter in Extreme Conditions ,release - Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate simultaneous phase-contrast imaging (PCI) and X-ray diffractionfrom shock compressed matter at the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation, at the LinacCoherent Light Source (LCLS). We utilize the chromaticity from compound refractive X-ray lensesto focus the 24.6 keV 3rd order undulator harmonic of the LCLS to a spot size of 5lm on target toperform X-ray diffraction. Simultaneous PCI from the 8.2 keV fundamental X-ray beam is used tovisualize and measure the transient properties of the shock wave over a 500lm field of view.Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability to extend the reciprocal space measurements by 5 Angstroem, rel-ative to the fundamental X-ray energy, by utilizing X-ray diffraction from the 3rd harmonic of theLCLS.
- Published
- 2018
20. Erratum: 'Setup for meV-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering measurements and X-ray diffraction at the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation at the Linac Coherent Light Source' (Review Of Scientific Instruments (2018) 89 (10F104) DOI: 10.1063/1.5039329)
- Author
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Mcbride, E. E., White, T. G., Descamps, A., Fletcher, L. B., Appel, K., Condamine, F., Curry, C. B., Dallari, F., Funk, S., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J., Gauthier, M., Goede, S., Kim, J. B., Lee, H. J., Ofori-Okai, B. K., Oliver, M., Rigby, A., Schoenwaelder, C., Sun, P., Tschentscher, Th., Witte, B. B. L., Zastrau, U., Gregori, G., Nagler, B., Hastings, J., Glenzer, S. H., and Monaco, G.
- Published
- 2018
21. Data for publication
- Author
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Kluge, T., Rödel, M., Metzkes, J., Pelka, A., Garcia, A. L., Prencipe, I., Rehwald, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., McBride, E. E., Schönherr, T., Garten, M., Hartley, N. J., Zacharias, M., Erbe, A., Georgiev, Y. M., Galtier, E., Nam, I., Lee, H. J., Glenzer, S., Bussmann, M., Gutt, C., Zeil, K., Rödel, C., Hübner, U., Schramm, U., and Cowan, T. E.
- Abstract
Raw data, lineouts and fits for the publication
- Published
- 2018
22. High-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering at the high energy density scientific instrument at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser.
- Author
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Wollenweber, L., Preston, T. R., Descamps, A., Cerantola, V., Comley, A., Eggert, J. H., Fletcher, L. B., Geloni, G., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Göde, S., Hastings, J., Humphries, O. S., Jenei, A., Karnbach, O., Konopkova, Z., Loetzsch, R., Marx-Glowna, B., McBride, E. E., and McGonegle, D.
- Subjects
SCIENTIFIC apparatus & instruments ,X-ray lasers ,INELASTIC scattering ,ENERGY density ,PHASES of matter ,X-ray scattering - Abstract
We introduce a setup to measure high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering at the High Energy Density scientific instrument at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL). The setup uses the Si (533) reflection in a channel-cut monochromator and three spherical diced analyzer crystals in near-backscattering geometry to reach a high spectral resolution. An energy resolution of 44 meV is demonstrated for the experimental setup, close to the theoretically achievable minimum resolution. The analyzer crystals and detector are mounted on a curved-rail system, allowing quick and reliable changes in scattering angle without breaking vacuum. The entire setup is designed for operation at 10 Hz, the same repetition rate as the high-power lasers available at the instrument and the fundamental repetition rate of the European XFEL. Among other measurements, it is envisioned that this setup will allow studies of the dynamics of highly transient laser generated states of matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. The extreme conditions beamline P02.2 and the extreme conditions science infrastructure at PETRA III
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Liermann, H P, Konôpková, Z, Morgenroth, W, Glazyrin, K, Bednarčik, J, McBride, E E, Petitgirard, S, Delitz, J T, Wendt, M, Bican, Y, Ehnes, A, Schwark, I, Rothkirch, A, Tischer, M, Heuer, J, Schulte-Schrepping, H, Kracht, T, and Franz, H
- Abstract
A detailed description is presented of the Extreme Conditions Beamline P02.2 for micro X-ray diffraction studies of matter at simultaneous high pressure and high/low temperatures at PETRA III, in Hamburg, Germany. This includes performance of the X-ray optics and instrumental resolution as well as an overview of the different sample environments available for high-pressure studies in the diamond anvil cell. Particularly emphasized are the high-brilliance and high-energy X-ray diffraction capabilities of the beamline in conjunction with the use of fast area detectors to conduct time-resolved compression studies in the millisecond time regime. Finally, the current capability of the Extreme Conditions Science Infrastructure to support high-pressure research at the Extreme Conditions Beamline and other PETRA III beamlines is described.
- Published
- 2015
24. New dynamic diamond anvil cells for tera-pascal per second fast compression x-ray diffraction experiments.
- Author
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Jenei, Zs., Liermann, H. P., Husband, R., Méndez, A. S. J., Pennicard, D., Marquardt, H., O'Bannon, E. F., Pakhomova, A., Konopkova, Z., Glazyrin, K., Wendt, M., Wenz, S., McBride, E. E., Morgenroth, W., Winkler, B., Rothkirch, A., Hanfland, M., and Evans, W. J.
- Subjects
DIAMOND anvil cell ,X-ray diffraction ,SEISMIC waves ,OPTICAL diffraction ,DIFFRACTION patterns ,THEORY of wave motion - Abstract
Fast compression experiments performed using dynamic diamond anvil cells (dDACs) employing piezoactuators offer the opportunity to study compression-rate dependent phenomena. In this paper, we describe an experimental setup which allows us to perform time-resolved x-ray diffraction during the fast compression of materials using improved dDACs. The combination of the high flux available using a 25.6 keV x-ray beam focused with a linear array of compound refractive lenses and the two fast GaAs LAMBDA detectors available at the Extreme Conditions Beamline (P02.2) at PETRA III enables the collection of x-ray diffraction patterns at an effective repetition rate of up to 4 kHz. Compression rates of up to 160 TPa/s have been achieved during the compression of gold in a 2.5 ms fast compression using improved dDAC configurations with more powerful piezoactuators. The application of this setup to low-Z compounds at lower compression rates is described, and the high temporal resolution of the setup is demonstrated. The possibility of applying finely tuned pressure profiles opens opportunities for future research, such as using oscillations of the piezoactuator to mimic propagation of seismic waves in the Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Recovery of metastable dense Bi synthesized by shock compression.
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Coleman, A. L., McWilliams, R. S., Hermann, A., McMahon, M. I., Gorman, M. G., Briggs, R., McBride, E. E., Fratanduono, D. E., Smith, R. F., Eggert, J. H., McGonegle, D., Wark, J. S., Bolme, C. A., Gleason, A. E., Galtier, E., Lee, H. J., Granados, E., Rothman, S., and Collins, G. W.
- Subjects
X-rays ,ELECTRONS ,DYNAMICS ,EQUILIBRIUM ,COMPRESSION loads - Abstract
X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources have revolutionized our capability to study ultrafast material behavior. Using an XFEL, we revisit the structural dynamics of shock compressed bismuth, resolving the transition sequence on shock release in unprecedented details. Unlike previous studies that found the phase-transition sequence on shock release to largely adhere to the equilibrium phase diagram (i.e., Bi-V → Bi-III → Bi-II → Bi-I), our results clearly reveal previously unseen, non-equilibrium behavior at these conditions. On pressure release from the Bi-V phase at 5 GPa, the Bi-III phase is not formed but rather a new metastable form of Bi. This new phase transforms into the Bi-II phase which in turn transforms into a phase of Bi which is not observed on compression. We determine this phase to be isostructural with β-Sn and recover it to ambient pressure where it exists for 20 ns before transforming back to the Bi-I phase. The structural relationship between the tetragonal β-Sn phase and the Bi-II phase (from which it forms) is discussed. Our results show the effect that rapid compression rates can have on the phase selection in a transforming material and show great promise for recovering high-pressure polymorphs with novel material properties in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Measurements of the momentum-dependence of plasmonic excitations in matter around 1 Mbar using an X-ray free electron laser.
- Author
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Preston, T. R., Appel, K., Brambrink, E., Chen, B., Fletcher, L. B., Fortmann-Grote, C., Glenzer, S. H., Granados, E., Göde, S., Konôpková, Z., Lee, H. J., Marquardt, H., McBride, E. E., Nagler, B., Nakatsutsumi, M., Sperling, P., Witte, B. B. L., and Zastrau, U.
- Subjects
PLASMONICS ,ELECTRONIC excitation ,FREE electron lasers ,LOCAL fields (Algebra) ,PLASMONS (Physics) - Abstract
We present measurements of the plasmon shift in shock-compressed matter as a function of momentum transfer beyond the Fermi wavevector using an X-ray Free Electron Laser. We eliminate the elastically scattered signal retaining only the inelastic plasmon signal. Our plasmon dispersion agrees with both the random phase approximation (RPA) and static Local Field Corrections (sLFC) for an electron gas at both zero and finite temperature. Further, we find the inclusion of electron-ion collisions through the Born-Mermin Approximation (BMA) to have no effect. Whilst we cannot distinguish between RPA and sLFC within our error bars, our data suggest that dynamic effects should be included for LFC and provide a route forward for higher resolution future measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Nanometer-scale characterization of laser-driven compression, shocks, and phase transitions, by x-ray scattering using free electron lasers.
- Author
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Kluge, T., Rödel, C., Rödel, M., Pelka, A., McBride, E. E., Fletcher, L. B., Harmand, M., Krygier, A., Higginbotham, A., Bussmann, M., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E., Garcia, A. L., Garten, M., Glenzer, S. H., Granados, E., Gutt, C., Lee, H. J., Nagler, B., and Schumaker, W.
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SMALL-angle X-ray scattering ,ENERGY density ,LASER plasmas ,ULTRASHORT laser pulses ,NANOELECTROMECHANICAL systems - Abstract
We study the feasibility of using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as a new experimental diagnostic for intense laser-solid interactions. By using X-ray pulses from a hard X-ray free electron laser, we can simultaneously achieve nanometer and femtosecond resolution of laser-driven samples. This is an important new capability for the Helmholtz international beamline for extreme fields at the high energy density endstation currently built at the European X-ray free electron laser. We review the relevant SAXS theory and its application to transient processes in solid density plasmas and report on first experimental results that confirm the feasibility of the method. We present results of two test experiments where the first experiment employs ultra-short laser pulses for studying relativistic laser plasma interactions, and the second one focuses on shock compression studies with a nanosecond laser system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
28. The Extreme Conditions Beamline P02.2 and the Extreme Conditions Science Infrastructure at PETRA III.
- Author
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Liermann, H.-P., Konôpková, Z., Morgenroth, W., Glazyrin, K., Bednarčik, J., McBride, E. E., Petitgirard, S., Delitz, J. T., Wendt, M., Bican, Y., Ehnes, A., Schwark, I., Rothkirch, A., Tischer, M., Heuer, J., Schulte-Schrepping, H., Kracht, T., and Franz, H.
- Subjects
X-ray diffraction ,DIAMOND anvil cell ,DETECTORS ,HIGH pressure physics ,PHOTON flux - Abstract
A detailed description is presented of the Extreme Conditions Beamline P02.2 for micro X-ray diffraction studies of matter at simultaneous high pressure and high/low temperatures at PETRA III, in Hamburg, Germany. This includes performance of the X-ray optics and instrumental resolution as well as an overview of the different sample environments available for high-pressure studies in the diamond anvil cell. Particularly emphasized are the high-brilliance and high-energy X-ray diffraction capabilities of the beamline in conjunction with the use of fast area detectors to conduct time-resolved compression studies in the millisecond time regime. Finally, the current capability of the Extreme Conditions Science Infrastructure to support high-pressure research at the Extreme Conditions Beamline and other PETRA III beamlines is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. One-dimensional chain melting in incommensurate potassium.
- Author
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McBride, E. E., Munro, K. A., Stinton, G. W., Husband, R. J., Briggs, R., Liermann, H.-P., and McMahon, M. I.
- Subjects
- *
POTASSIUM , *X-ray diffraction , *ALKALI metals , *ELECTROMAGNETIC wave diffraction , *MELTING - Abstract
Between 19 and 54 GPa, potassium has a complex composite incommensurate host-guest structure which undergoes two intraphase transitions over this pressure range. The temperature dependence of these host-guest phases is further complicated by the onset of an order-disorder transition in their guest chains. Here, we report single-crystal, quasi-single-crystal, and powder synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements of this order-disorder phenomenon in incommensurate potassium to 47 GPa and 750 K. The so-called chain melting transition is clearly visible over a 22 GPa pressure range, and there are significant changes in the slope of the phase boundary which divides the ordered and disordered phases, one of which results from the intraphase transitions in the guest structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Melting curve of potassium to 22 GPa.
- Author
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Narygina, O., McBride, E. E., Stinton, G. W., and McMahon, M. I.
- Subjects
- *
POTASSIUM , *ALKALI metals , *X-ray diffraction , *SODIUM , *HIGH temperature (Weather) - Abstract
The melting curve of potassium has been measured experimentally to 22 GPa using in situ X-ray diffraction and gas-membrane diamond anvil cells equipped with external resistive heating. The evolution of the melting temperature with pressure is similar to that of sodium, but it is different to that reported previously. A melting maximum is found in the stability field of the bcc-phase, at 5.8(5) GPa, followed by a decrease in the melting temperature down to a melting minimum at the fcc-host-guest (tI19) transition at 19(1) GPa. The bcc-fcc-liquid and fcc-tI19-liquid triple points are found to be at 466(10) K and 13.6(3) GPa and at 390(10) K and 19.0(3) GPa, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Publisher's Note: "High-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering at the high energy density scientific instrument at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 92, 013101 (2021)].
- Author
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Wollenweber, L., Preston, T. R., Descamps, A., Cerantola, V., Comley, A., Eggert, J. H., Fletcher, L. B., Geloni, G., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Göde, S., Hastings, J., Humphries, O. S., Jenei, A., Karnbach, O., Konopkova, Z., Loetzsch, R., Marx-Glowna, B., McBride, E. E., and McGonegle, D.
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INELASTIC scattering ,X-ray lasers ,SCIENTIFIC apparatus & instruments ,ENERGY density ,X-ray scattering ,INTERNET publishing - Abstract
Publisher's Note: "High-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering at the high energy density scientific instrument at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. This article was originally published online on 4 January 2021 with an error in the title and Ref. 6 should have been deleted from the reference section and the text. All online and printed versions of the article were corrected on 7 January 2021. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
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32. Erratum: "Setup for meV-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering measurements and X-ray diffraction at the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation at the Linac Coherent Light Source" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89, 10F104 (2018)].
- Author
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McBride, E. E., White, T. G., Descamps, A., Fletcher, L. B., Appel, K., Condamine, F., Curry, C. B., Dallari, F., Funk, S., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J., Gauthier, M., Goede, S., Kim, J. B., Lee, H. J., Ofori-Okai, B. K., Oliver, M., Rigby, A., Schoenwaelder, C., and Sun, P.
- Subjects
- *
X-ray scattering , *X-ray diffraction , *LIGHT sources - Abstract
The article provides a correction to the article "Setup for meV-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering measurements and X-ray diffraction at the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation at the Linac Coherent Light Source" which appeared in the December 2018 volume 89 issue of the publication.
- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
33. Time-Resolved XUV Opacity Measurements of Warm Dense Aluminum
- Author
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Vinko, Sam, Vozda, Vojtech, Andreasson, Jakob, Bajt, S., Bielecki, Johan, Burian, Tomas, Chalupsky, Jaromir, Ciricosta, Orlando, Desjarlais, M. P., Fleckenstein, H., Hajdu, Janos, Hajkova, Vera, Hollebon, Patrick, Juha, Libor, Kasim, M. F., McBride, E. E., Muehlig, Kerstin, Preston, T. R., Rackstraw, D. S., Roling, Sebastian, Toleikis, S., Wark, Justin, and Zacharias, Helmut
- Subjects
7. Clean energy - Abstract
Physical review letters 124(22), 225002 (2020). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.225002, The free-free opacity in plasmas is fundamental to our understanding of energy transport in stellar interiors and for inertial confinement fusion research. However, theoretical predictions in the challenging dense plasma regime are conflicting and there is a dearth of accurate experimental data to allow for direct model validation. Here we present time-resolved transmission measurements in solid-density Al heated by an XUV free-electron laser. We use a novel functional optimization approach to extract the temperature-dependent absorption coefficient directly from an oversampled pool of single-shot measurements, and find a pronounced enhancement of the opacity as the plasma is heated to temperatures of order of the Fermi energy. Plasma heating and opacity enhancement are observed on ultrafast timescales, within the duration of the femtosecond XUV pulse. We attribute further rises in the opacity on ps timescales to melt and the formation of warm dense matter., Published by APS, College Park, Md.
34. Evidence for Crystalline Structure in Dynamically-Compressed Polyethylene up to 200 GPa
- Author
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Hartley, N. J., Brown, S., Cowan, T. E., Cunningham, E., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Frydrych, S., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J., Laso Garcia, A., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Granados, E., Heimann, P. A., Lee, H. J., MacDonald, M. J., MacKinnon, A. J., McBride, E. E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Pak, A., Pelka, A., Prencipe, I., Ravasio, A., Rödel, M., Rohatsch, K., Saunders, A. M., Schölmerich, M., Schörner, M., Schuster, A. K., Sun, P., Van Driel, T., Vorberger, J., and Kraus, D.
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13. Climate action ,3. Good health - Abstract
Scientific reports 9(1), 4196 (2019). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40782-5, We investigated the high-pressure behavior of polyethylene (CH2) by probing dynamically-compressed samples with X-ray diffraction. At pressures up to 200 GPa, comparable to those present inside icy giant planets (Uranus, Neptune), shock-compressed polyethylene retains a polymer crystal structure, from which we infer the presence of significant covalent bonding. The A2/m structure which we observe has previously been seen at significantly lower pressures, and the equation of state measured agrees with our findings. This result appears to contrast with recent data from shock-compressed polystyrene (CH) at higher temperatures, which demonstrated demixing and recrystallization into a diamond lattice, implying the breaking of the original chemical bonds. As such chemical processes have significant implications for the structure and energy transfer within ice giants, our results highlight the need for a deeper understanding of the chemistry of high pressure hydrocarbons, and the importance of better constraining planetary temperature profiles., Published by Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature, [London]
35. Melting of potassium to 22 GPa.
- Author
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McBride, E. E., Narygina, O., Stinton, G. W., and McMahon, M. I.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Direct Observation of Melting in Shock-Compressed Bismuth With Femtosecond X-ray Diffraction.
- Author
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Gorman, M. G., Briggs, R., McBride, E. E., Higginbotham, A., Arnold, B., Eggert, J. H., Fratanduono, D. E., Galtier, E., Lazicki, A. E., Lee, H. J., Liermann, H. P., Nagler, B., Rothkirch, A., Smith, R. F., Swift, D. C., Collins, G. W., Wark, J. S., and McMahon, M. I.
- Subjects
- *
SOLID-solid interfaces , *PHASE transitions , *FEMTOSECOND lasers , *MELTING , *X-ray diffraction - Abstract
The melting of bismuth in response to shock compression has been studied using in situ femtosecond x-ray diffraction at an x-ray free electron laser. Both solid-solid and solid-liquid phase transitions are documented using changes in discrete diffraction peaks and the emergence of broad, liquid scattering upon release from shock pressures up to 14 GPa. The transformation from the solid state to the liquid is found to occur in less than 3 ns, very much faster than previously believed. These results are the first quantitative measurements of a liquid material obtained on shock release using x-ray diffraction, and provide an upper limit for the time scale of melting of bismuth under shock loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Novel experimental setup for megahertz X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL)
- Author
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M. A. Baron, Leora E. Dresselhaus-Marais, Guillaume Morard, A. L. Coleman, Vitali B. Prakapenka, Mungo Frost, Jaeyong Kim, Julien Chantel, Dana M. Dattelbaum, Jon Eggert, Carsten Baehtz, Clemens Prescher, J. Mainberger, Guillaume Fiquet, William J. Evans, Edward J. Pace, A. Pelka, Richard Briggs, C. Strohm, Choong-Shik Yoo, Malcolm McMahon, Orianna B. Ball, P. Talkovski, Sven Toleikis, R. J. Husband, Konstantin Glazyrin, Georg Spiekermann, E. F. O'Bannon, Maxim Bykov, Karen Appel, Hauke Marquardt, Lars Ehm, M. Roeper, A. Schropp, H. Damker, Huijeong Hwang, Ulf Zastrau, Sébastien Merkel, J. D. McHardy, Sergio Speziale, Hanns-Peter Liermann, Falko Langenhorst, Blake T. Sturtevant, Emma McBride, Elena Bykova, Charles Pépin, C. Otzen, Naresh Kujala, Yongjae Lee, Zs. Jenei, Max Wilke, R. S. McWilliams, Ronald Redmer, M. Makita, Alexander F. Goncharov, Nenad Velisavljevic, Carmen Sanchez-Valle, Valerio Cerantola, A. Berghäuser, Hyunchae Cynn, M. Foese, Z. Konopkova, Markus O. Schoelmerich, Jeffrey S. Pigott, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), University of Edinburgh, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yonsei University, Hanyang University, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], University of Oxford, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Case Western Reserve University [Cleveland], Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Institut für Physik [Rostock], Universität Rostock, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Washington State University (WSU), European Project: 730872,CALIPSOplus, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Münster, Universität Potsdam, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] [DESY], DAM Île-de-France [DAM/DIF], Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf [HZDR], Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie [IMPMC], Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [LLNL], Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET], Los Alamos National Laboratory [LANL], Stony Brook University [SUNY] [SBU], Institut des Sciences de la Terre [ISTerre], German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam [GFZ], Washington State University [WSU], Liermann, H, Konôpková, Z, Appel, K, Prescher, C, Schropp, A, Cerantola, V, Husband, R, Mchardy, J, Mcmahon, M, Mcwilliams, R, Pépin, C, Mainberger, J, Roeper, M, Berghäuser, A, Damker, H, Talkovski, P, Foese, M, Kujala, N, Ball, O, Baron, M, Briggs, R, Bykov, M, Bykova, E, Chantel, J, Coleman, A, Cynn, H, Dattelbaum, D, Dresselhaus-Marais, L, Eggert, J, Ehm, L, Evans, W, Fiquet, G, Frost, M, Glazyrin, K, Goncharov, A, Hwang, H, Jenei, Z, Kim, J, Langenhorst, F, Lee, Y, Makita, M, Marquardt, H, Mcbride, E, Merkel, S, Morard, G, O'Bannon, E, Otzen, C, Pace, E, Pelka, A, Pigott, J, Prakapenka, V, Redmer, R, Sanchez-Valle, C, Schoelmerich, M, Speziale, S, Spiekermann, G, Sturtevant, B, Toleikis, S, Velisavljevic, N, Wilke, M, Yoo, C, Baehtz, C, Zastrau, U, Strohm, C, Konôpková, Z., 2European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany, Appel, K., Prescher, C., 1Photon Sciences, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, Hamburg, Germany, Schropp, A., Cerantola, V., Husband, R. J., McHardy, J. D., 3School of Physics and Astronomy, Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, and SUPA, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, EdinburghEH9 3FD, United Kingdom, McMahon, M. I., Pépin, C. M., 4CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France, Mainberger, J., Roeper, M., Berghäuser, A., 6Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf e.V., 01328 Dresden, Germany, Damker, H., Talkovski, P., Foese, M., Kujala, N., Ball, O. B., Baron, M. A., 7Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, France, Briggs, R., 8Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA, Bykov, M., 9Carnegie Science, Earth and Planets Laboratory, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA, Bykova, E., Chantel, J., 10Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 – UMET – Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France, Coleman, A. L., Cynn, H., Dattelbaum, D., 11Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA, Dresselhaus-Marais, L. E., Eggert, J. H., Ehm, L., 12Mineral Physics Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA, Evans, W. J., Fiquet, G., Frost, M., 13SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA, Glazyrin, K., Goncharov, A. F., Hwang, H., 14Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea, Jenei, Zs., Kim, J.-Y., 15Department of Physics, Research Institute for High Pressure, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea, Langenhorst, F., 16Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 10, 07745 Jena, Germany, Lee, Y., Makita, M., Marquardt, H., 17Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3AN, United Kingdom, McBride, E. E., Merkel, S., Morard, G., O'Bannon, E. F., Otzen, C., Pace, E. J., Pelka, A., Pigott, J. S., Prakapenka, V. B., 20Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Redmer, R., 21Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany, Sanchez-Valle, C., 22Institut für Mineralogie, University of Münster, Münster, Germany, Schoelmerich, M., Speziale, S., 23GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany, Spiekermann, G., 24Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany, Sturtevant, B. T., Toleikis, S., Velisavljevic, N., Wilke, M., Yoo, C.-S., 25Department of Chemistry, Institute of Shock Physics, and Materials Science and Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA, Baehtz, C., Zastrau, U., and Strohm, C.
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Diffraction ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Materials science ,diamond anvil cells ,X‐ray free‐electron lasers ,x-ray free electron lasers ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Diamond anvil cell ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,ddc:550 ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation ,high‐precision X‐ray diffraction ,Radiation ,[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,business.industry ,X-ray free-electron lasers ,high-precision X-ray diffraction ,finite element modeling ,Detector ,Free-electron laser ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,Research Papers ,Beamline ,high precision x-ray diffraction ,X-ray crystallography ,[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] ,X-ray free-electron laser ,Vacuum chamber ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,[SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy - Abstract
Journal of synchrotron radiation 28(3), 688 - 706 (2021). doi:10.1107/S1600577521002551, The high-precision X-ray diffraction setup for work with diamond anvil cells (DACs) in interaction chamber 2 (IC2) of the High Energy Density instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is described. This includes beamline optics, sample positioning and detector systems located in the multipurpose vacuum chamber. Concepts for pump–probe X-ray diffraction experiments in the DAC are described and their implementation demonstrated during the First User Community Assisted Commissioning experiment. X-ray heating and diffraction of Bi under pressure, obtained using 20 fs X-ray pulses at 17.8 keV and 2.2 MHz repetition, is illustrated through splitting of diffraction peaks, and interpreted employing finite element modeling of the sample chamber in the DAC., Published by Wiley-Blackwell, [S.l.]
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- 2021
38. Incommensurate-to-incommensurate phase transition in Eu metal at high pressures.
- Author
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Husband, R. J., Loa, I., Munro, K. A., McBride, E. E., Evans, S. R., Liermann, H. P., and McMahon, M. I.
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EUROPIUM compounds , *PHASE transitions , *HIGH pressure chemistry , *CRYSTALLOGRAPHY , *X-ray powder diffraction - Abstract
High pressure x-ray powder-diffraction experiments were performed on europium metal up to ~70 GPa. Above 38 GPa, europium transforms from the incommensurately modulated Eu-IV phase to a second phase with an incommensurately modulated crystal structure, Eu-V. This is a previously unseen incommensurately modulated to incommensurately modulated transition in the elements at high pressure. High-pressure high-temperature experiments were also performed up to 449 K in order to make an initial estimate of the positions of the phase boundaries of the incommensurate phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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39. Time-Resolved XUV Opacity Measurements of Warm Dense Aluminum.
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Vinko, S. M., Vozda, V., Andreasson, J., Bajt, S., Bielecki, J., Burian, T., Chalupsky, J., Ciricosta, O., Desjarlais, M. P., Fleckenstein, H., Hajdu, J., Hajkova, V., Hollebon, P., Juha, L., Kasim, M. F., McBride, E. E., Muehlig, K., Preston, T. R., Rackstraw, D. S., and Roling, S.
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PLASMA heating , *FEMTOSECOND pulses , *DENSE plasmas , *FERMI energy , *INERTIAL confinement fusion , *ABSORPTION coefficients - Abstract
The free-free opacity in plasmas is fundamental to our understanding of energy transport in stellar interiors and for inertial confinement fusion research. However, theoretical predictions in the challenging dense plasma regime are conflicting and there is a dearth of accurate experimental data to allow for direct model validation. Here we present time-resolved transmission measurements in solid-density Al heated by an XUV free-electron laser. We use a novel functional optimization approach to extract the temperature-dependent absorption coefficient directly from an oversampled pool of single-shot measurements, and find a pronounced enhancement of the opacity as the plasma is heated to temperatures of order of the Fermi energy. Plasma heating and opacity enhancement are observed on ultrafast timescales, within the duration of the femtosecond XUV pulse. We attribute further rises in the opacity on ps timescales to melt and the formation of warm dense matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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40. Liquid Structure of Shock-Compressed Hydrocarbons at Megabar Pressures.
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Hartley, N. J., Vorberger, J., Döppner, T., Cowan, T., Falcone, R. W., Fletcher, L. B., Frydrych, S., Galtier, E., Gamboa, E. J., Gericke, D. O., Glenzer, S. H., Granados, E., MacDonald, M. J., MacKinnon, A. J., McBride, E. E., Nam, I., Neumayer, P., Pak, A., Rohatsch, K., and Saunders, A. M.
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HYDROCARBONS , *IONIC structure , *MELTING - Abstract
We present results for the ionic structure in hydrocarbons (polystyrene, polyethylene) that were shock compressed to pressures of up to 190 GPa, inducing rapid melting of the samples. The structure of the resulting liquid is then probed using in situ diffraction by an x-ray free electron laser beam, demonstrating the capability to obtain reliable diffraction data in a single shot, even for low-Z samples without long range order. The data agree well with ab initio simulations, validating the ability of such approaches to model mixed samples in states where complex interparticle bonds remain, and showing that simpler models are not necessarily valid. While the results clearly exclude the possibility of complete carbon-hydrogen demixing at the conditions probed, they also, in contrast to previous predictions, indicate that diffraction is not always a sufficient diagnostic for this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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41. Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Phase Transitions and Equation of State of Scandium Shock Compressed to 82 GPa.
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Briggs, R., Gorman, M. G., Coleman, A. L., McWilliams, R. S., McBride, E. E., McGonegle, D., Wark, J. S., Peacock, L., Rothman, S., Macleod, S. G., Bolme, C. A., Gleason, A. E., Collins, G. W., Eggert, J. H., Fratanduono, D. E., Smith, R. F., Galtier, E., Granados, E., Lee, H. J., and Nagler, B.
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X-ray diffraction , *PHASE transitions , *SCANDIUM - Abstract
Using x-ray diffraction at the Linac Coherent Light Source x-ray free-electron laser, we have determined simultaneously and self-consistently the phase transitions and equation of state (EOS) of the lightest transition metal, scandium, under shock compression. On compression scandium undergoes a structural phase transition between 32 and 35 GPa to the same bcc structure seen at high temperatures at ambient pressures, and then a further transition at 46 GPa to the incommensurate host-guest polymorph found above 21 GPa in static compression at room temperature. Shock melting of the host-guest phase is observed between 53 and 72 GPa with the disappearance of Bragg scattering and the growth of a broad asymmetric diffraction peak from the high-density liquid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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42. Erratum: Using Diffuse Scattering to Observe X-Ray-Driven Nonthermal Melting [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 015703 (2021)].
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Hartley NJ, Grenzer J, Huang L, Inubushi Y, Kamimura N, Katagiri K, Kodama R, Kon A, Lu W, Makita M, Matsuoka T, Nakajima S, Ozaki N, Pikuz T, Rode A, Sagae D, Schuster AK, Tono K, Voigt K, Vorberger J, Yabuuchi T, McBride EE, and Kraus D
- Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.015703.
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- 2022
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43. Novel experimental setup for megahertz X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL).
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Liermann HP, Konôpková Z, Appel K, Prescher C, Schropp A, Cerantola V, Husband RJ, McHardy JD, McMahon MI, McWilliams RS, Pépin CM, Mainberger J, Roeper M, Berghäuser A, Damker H, Talkovski P, Foese M, Kujala N, Ball OB, Baron MA, Briggs R, Bykov M, Bykova E, Chantel J, Coleman AL, Cynn H, Dattelbaum D, Dresselhaus-Marais LE, Eggert JH, Ehm L, Evans WJ, Fiquet G, Frost M, Glazyrin K, Goncharov AF, Hwang H, Jenei Z, Kim JY, Langenhorst F, Lee Y, Makita M, Marquardt H, McBride EE, Merkel S, Morard G, O'Bannon EF 3rd, Otzen C, Pace EJ, Pelka A, Pigott JS, Prakapenka VB, Redmer R, Sanchez-Valle C, Schoelmerich M, Speziale S, Spiekermann G, Sturtevant BT, Toleikis S, Velisavljevic N, Wilke M, Yoo CS, Baehtz C, Zastrau U, and Strohm C
- Abstract
The high-precision X-ray diffraction setup for work with diamond anvil cells (DACs) in interaction chamber 2 (IC2) of the High Energy Density instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is described. This includes beamline optics, sample positioning and detector systems located in the multipurpose vacuum chamber. Concepts for pump-probe X-ray diffraction experiments in the DAC are described and their implementation demonstrated during the First User Community Assisted Commissioning experiment. X-ray heating and diffraction of Bi under pressure, obtained using 20 fs X-ray pulses at 17.8 keV and 2.2 MHz repetition, is illustrated through splitting of diffraction peaks, and interpreted employing finite element modeling of the sample chamber in the DAC., (open access.)
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Using Diffuse Scattering to Observe X-Ray-Driven Nonthermal Melting.
- Author
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Hartley NJ, Grenzer J, Huang L, Inubushi Y, Kamimura N, Katagiri K, Kodama R, Kon A, Lu W, Makita M, Matsuoka T, Nakajima S, Ozaki N, Pikuz T, Rode AV, Sagae D, Schuster AK, Tono K, Voigt K, Vorberger J, Yabuuchi T, McBride EE, and Kraus D
- Abstract
We present results from the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser facility, where we used a high intensity (∼10^{20} W/cm^{2}) x-ray pump x-ray probe scheme to observe changes in the ionic structure of silicon induced by x-ray heating of the electrons. By avoiding Laue spots in the scattering signal from a single crystalline sample, we observe a rapid rise in diffuse scattering and a transition to a disordered, liquidlike state with a structure significantly different from liquid silicon. The disordering occurs within 100 fs of irradiation, a timescale that agrees well with first principles simulations, and is faster than that predicted by purely inertial behavior, suggesting that both the phase change and disordered state reached are dominated by Coulomb forces. This method is capable of observing liquid scattering without masking signal from the ambient solid, allowing the liquid structure to be measured throughout and beyond the phase change.
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- 2021
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45. Setup for meV-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering measurements and X-ray diffraction at the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation at the Linac Coherent Light Source.
- Author
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McBride EE, White TG, Descamps A, Fletcher LB, Appel K, Condamine FP, Curry CB, Dallari F, Funk S, Galtier E, Gamboa, Gauthier M, Goede S, Kim JB, Lee HJ, Ofori-Okai BK, Oliver M, Rigby A, Schoenwaelder C, Sun P, Tschentscher T, Witte BBL, Zastrau U, Gregori G, Nagler B, Hastings J, Glenzer SH, and Monaco G
- Abstract
We describe a setup for performing inelastic X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction measurements at the Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC) endstation of the Linac Coherent Light Source. This technique is capable of performing high-, meV-resolution measurements of dynamic ion features in both crystalline and non-crystalline materials. A four-bounce silicon (533) monochromator was used in conjunction with three silicon (533) diced crystal analyzers to provide an energy resolution of ∼50 meV over a range of ∼500 meV in single shot measurements. In addition to the instrument resolution function, we demonstrate the measurement of longitudinal acoustic phonon modes in polycrystalline diamond. Furthermore, this setup may be combined with the high intensity laser drivers available at MEC to create warm dense matter and subsequently measure ion acoustic modes.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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