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Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is known as the most common chronic disease of the oral cavity, which affects a range of 5-25% of the population. RAS appears to be associated with some human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles and haplotypes. This study attempts to survey the distribution of HLA-DRB and -DQB alleles among Iranian RAS patients and healthy controls. In order to evaluate the association of HLA-DR and DQ alleles and haplotypes, 54 patients with RAS and 100 unrelated healthy subjects as control group were investigated. Our data indicated that DRB1*13:17, DRB1*15:01, and DRB5*01 were significantly more frequent in RAS patients in comparison to controls. However, DRB3:01allele frequency was higher in the controls compared to the patients. The significantly frequent allele in the patients compared with the healthy subjects was HLA-DQB1*03:02. However, both HLA-DQB1*02:01 and HLA-DQB1*03:01 alleles were most frequent in the healthy individuals rather than the patients. The DRB*04/DQB1*03:01 and DRB*01:01/DQB1*02:01 haplotypes were significantly distributed in healthy subjects compared with patients. However, DRB*07:01/DQB1*03:02 haplotype was found to be significantly frequent in patients than controls. In respect of HLA genes, factors are involved in the incidence of RAS; various HLA-DRB and HLA-DQB1 alleles and the related haplotypes are suggested to be the three main RAS susceptibility factors in our population study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is defined as a benign odontogenic tumor with slow growing behavior. Its prevalence is rare. AFO is characterized by histologic features of ameloblastic fibroma (AF) with the formation of enamel and dentine. Case Presentation: This is a case report of AFO accompanied with a number of impacted deciduous teeth and its management in a 4-year old boy. Examination of oral cavity revealed an extensive swelling from midline to left deciduous maxillary first molar, covered with normal mucosa. Radiographic examination showed a well-defined mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion that extended horizontally from midline to mesial border of the left maxillary primary first molar and vertically from alveolar crest to the floor of nose. The differential diagnosis was odontoma (ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, complex odontoma). Surgical enucleation and curettage was performed under general anesthesia. Histopathologic sections show bone trabeculae in marrow spaces. There was myxoid matrix in some spaces which contained odontogenic epithelial cells. These findings led to diagnosis of AFO. No sign of recurrence has been observed during the 12-month followup period. Conclusion: Although AFO is a rare tumor, it is more prevalent in childrenʼs jaw. Conservative surgical treatment allowed the normal development of teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral inflammatory disease with unknown etiology in which the immune system seems to have a role in oral tolerance. Interleukin (IL)-10 is a cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL10 gene could alter this cytokine production. The aim of this study was to investigate frequencies of IL10 alleles and genotypes in a group of individuals with RAS. Genomic DNA of 60 Iranian patients with RAS were typed for IL10 gene (C/A −1082, C/T −819, and C/A −592), using PCR-SSP method. Frequency of each allele and genotype was compared to control group. A significantly higher frequencies of the T allele at position −819 ( p = 0.006) and the A allele at position of −592 ( p < 0.001) were found in the patients with RAS group, when compared to the controls. IL10 GA genotype at position −1082 ( p = 0.007), CA genotype at position −592 ( p = 0.001), and CT genotype at position −819 ( p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the RAS patients. The results of this study suggest that certain SNPs of IL10 gene have association with predisposition of individuals to RAS. However, further multicenter studies should be conducted to confirm the results of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Oropharyngeal cancer is a significant cause of death and disability worldwide. In Iran it is the 13th and 17th most common cancer found in men and women, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate etiological factors and clinical features of lesions related to oropharyngeal cancers over a 5-year period in Tehran. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study, 256 cases were selected from 5 clinical and educational cancer centres. Study forms were completed by collecting information from medical records; incomplete files were filled in by contacting patients by phone. The International Classification of Disease for Oncology coding system (ICD-O) was used to determine the type of malignant lesion, and SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most commonly identified lesion (70.3%). The most common site of malignancy in the mouth was the tongue (25.8%). The ratio of disease incidence in men compared with women was almost 2:1. The mean age of patients was 60 years. Alcohol, drug and tobacco consumption were the most important factors in the development of oropharyngeal cancer. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that the most common malignancy in the mouth and pharynx was SCC. As with previous studies, we found that the ratio of disease occurrence was almost 2:1 for men compared with women. Referral of patients to specialized centres will make considerable progress towards controlling and managing these cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary antibody deficiencies (PAD) are a group of immune system disorders, associated with decreased levels of secretory and protective immunoglobulins. Because of the important role of immunoglobulins in the protection of oral cavity, patients with PADs are more susceptible to dental caries or oral manifestations. This study was performed to investigate the oral and dental manifestations of PADs patients. In this study, 33 patients with PADs (21 common variable immunodeficiency, 8 X-linked agammaglobulinemia and 4 hyper IgM syndrome) and 66 controls were examined; the number of decayed, missed and filled teeth (DMFT) were investigated. Aphthous was the most frequent manifestation in PADs patients (38.7%), which was significantly16.7% higher than the controls (p=0.03). The patients with PADs showed significantly higher presentation of other oral and dental manifestations, including herpes sores, candidiasis tonsillitis, gingivitis, calculus, enamel hypoplasia and other ulcerations. The mean DMFT scores were 6.15±3.6 and 1.93±0.4 in PADs patients and controls, respectively (p<0.001). Although the patients with common variable immunodeficiency had higher means of DMFT in comparison with other groups of PADs, this difference was not statistically significant. This study showed significantly higher frequency of oral and dental manifestations in the patients with PADs compared to controls. Therefore, regular examination of oral cavity could be suggested in this group of immunodeficient patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor in response to the article "Lack of Association between Interleukin-12 Gene Polymorphisms and Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis," that was published in a previous issue of the journal is presented.

Objectives: Considering the importance of timesaving in pediatric dentistry, if the efficacy is achieved along with shorter working time and less technical sensitivity, the behavior management of young patients can be anticipated. This study aimed to compare the effect of precuring and postcuring of total-etch and self-etch bonding agents on the microleakage of sealants., Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on forty impacted third molars, which were surgically extracted. The samples were divided into five groups: 1. Control (etching and sealant), 2. Precured fifth-generation bonding agent (Adper Single Bond 2) and fissure sealant, 3. Postcured fifth-generation bonding agent (Adper Single Bond 2) and fissure sealant, 4. Precured seventh-generation bonding agent (Single Bond Universal) and fissure sealant, and 5. Postcured seventh-generation bonding agent (Single Bond Universal) and fissure sealant. All specimens were thermocycled (×1000), immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsine solution for 24 hours, sectioned, digitally photographed, and measured using the LAS EZ program. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests., Results: Leakage in the control group and the third group was significantly lower than that in other groups. In pairwise comparisons, a significant difference was found between the control group and the fifth group and between the third group and the fifth group., Conclusion: The conventional method of sealant placement showed superior results in comparison with the use of an intermediate layer of the bonding agent., Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT None declared, (Copyright© Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)