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We present new near-infrared ($JHK_s$) time-series observations of RR Lyrae variables in the Messier 3 (NGC 5272) globular cluster using the WIRCam instrument at the 3.6-m Canada France Hawaii Telescope. Our observations cover a sky area of $\sim 21'\times 21'$ around the cluster center and provide an average of twenty epochs of homogeneous $JHK_s$-band photometry. New homogeneous photometry is used to estimate robust mean magnitudes for 175 fundamental-mode (RRab), 47 overtone-mode (RRc), and 11 mixed-mode (RRd) variables. Our sample of 233 RR Lyrae variables is the largest thus far obtained in a single cluster with time-resolved, multi-band near-infrared photometry. Near-infrared to optical amplitude ratios for RR Lyrae in Messier 3 exhibit a systematic increase moving from RRc to short-period ($P < 0.6$~days) and long-period ($P \gtrsim 0.6$~days) RRab variables. We derive $JHK_s$-band Period--Luminosity relations for RRab, RRc, and the combined sample of variables. Absolute calibrations based on the theoretically predicted Period--Luminosity--Metallicity relations for RR Lyrae stars yield a distance modulus, $��= 15.041 \pm 0.017~(\textrm{statistical}) \pm 0.036~(\textrm{systematic})$~mag, to Messier 3. When anchored to trigonometric parallaxes for nearby RR Lyrae stars from the {\it Hubble Space Telescope} and the {\it Gaia} mission, our distance estimates are consistent with those resulting from the theoretical calibrations, albeit with relatively larger systematic uncertainties., 22 pages, 14 figures, Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal

We combine MUSE spectroscopy and Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet (UV) photometry to perform a study of the chemistry and dynamics of the Galactic globular cluster Messier 80 (M80, NGC 6093). Previous studies have revealed three stellar populations that not only vary in their light-element abundances, but also in their radial distributions, with concentration decreasing with increasing nitrogen enrichment. This remarkable trend, which sets M80 apart from the other Galactic globular clusters, points towards a complex formation and evolutionary history. To better understand how M80 formed and evolved, revealing its internal kinematics is key. We find that the most N-enriched population rotates faster than the other two populations at a 2 sigma confidence level. While our data further suggest that the intermediate population shows the least amount of rotation, this trend is rather marginal (1 - 2 sigma). Using axisymmetric Jeans models, we show that these findings can be explained from the radial distributions of the populations if they possess different angular momenta. Our findings suggest that the populations formed with primordial kinematical differences., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 13 pages, 7 figures

There are many different ways in which one might describe the goal of Canada’s Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program. For sponsors, though, one goal is clear: to get “their” refugees ready to handle the rigors of “month 13.” The supposed ideal is that, by month 13, newcomers are employed and living independently in Canada, as productive members of society. The reality is messier. The objective in this article is to offer an account of how sponsors think of their job, in relation to month 13. Using data collected via interviews with nearly sixty private sponsors in Ottawa, it is shown that sponsors are motivated by securing stability for newcomers by the time month 13 arrives, but that sponsors differently flesh out the meaning of the stability they are seeking to achieve on behalf of newcomers. In particular, the data suggest, sponsors believe that newcomers’ attitude to integration is especially strongly related to their actual integration, and newcomers do especially well by month 13 to the extent that sponsors are able to build and support a positive attitude towards it., Il y a plusieurs façons dont pourrait être décrit l’objectif du Programme de parrainage privé de réfugiés du Canada. Pour les parrains, toutefois, l’objectif est clair : il s’agit de préparer « leur » réfugié à gérer les rigueurs du « 13e mois ». L’idéal supposé est qu’à partir 13e mois, les réfugiés travaillent et vivent de façon indépendante en tant membres productifs de la société. La réalité est plus compliquée. Cet article a pour objectif de rendre compte de la façon dont les parrains envisagent leurs tâches en lien avec le 13e mois. S’appuyant sur des données recueilles auprès d’une soixantaine de parrains à Ottawa, cet article démontre que les parrains sont animés par le désir d’assurer la stabilité des réfugiées avant 13e mois. Cependant, les parrains définissent de manière différente ce qu’ils entendent par stabilité. Notamment, les données indiquent que les parrains estiment que le niveau d’intégration des nouveaux arrivants est particulièrement relié à leur attitude envers l’intégration. Les parrains estiment également que la réussite des nouveaux arrivants dépend de leur capacité à développer et soutenir chez eux une attitude positive envers l’intégration.

A new deep H i survey of the galaxy Messier 33 is presented, based on observations obtained at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory. We observe a perturbed outer gas distribution and kinematics in M33, and confirm the disk warping as a significant twist of the major axis of the velocity field, although no strong tilt is measured, in agreement with previous work. Evidence for a new low-brightness H i component with anomalous velocity is reported. It harbors a large velocity scatter, as its kinematics both exceeds and lags the rotation of the disk, and leaks in the forbidden velocity zone of apparent counterrotation. The observations also reveal wide and multiple-peak H i profiles that can be partly explained by crowded orbits in the framework of the warp model. Asymmetric motions are identified in the velocity field as possible signatures of a lopsided potential and the warp. The mass distribution modeling of the hybrid Hα–H i rotation curve favors a cuspy dark matter halo with a concentration in disagreement with the ΛCDM dark halo mass–concentration relationship. The total mass enclosed in 23 kpc is 8 10^10,M⊙, of which 11% are stars and gas. At the virial radius of the cuspy halo, the resulting total mass is 5 10^11, M⊙, but with a baryonic mass fraction of only 2%. This strongly suggests a more realistic radius encompassing the total mass of M33 that is well smaller than the virial radius of the halo, possibly comparable to the size of the H i disk.

CNRS 4, FNEGE 4, HCERES C; International audience; We respond to the call for a more balanced view of agency (Tourish, 2014: 88) by presenting an account of the forced resignation of Jean-Marie Messier as CEO of the major French company, Vivendi Universal, in 2002. Messier’s ousting arose from a struggle for board control involving an exercise of power that was influenced strongly by kinship relationships, interlocking directorships, and business alliances; and by the interplay between a nouveau riche (Messier), an influential old guard shareholder family (the Bronfmans), and an established elite (of prominent representatives of French business). Collusion between the French business establishment and the Bronfman family created a coalition of interest and a locus of control that managerial and agency theories explain inadequately. We highlight the potential for a reading of class relationships in terms of structuration to foster better understanding of the complexities involved when the board of a major corporation decides to support, or withdraw support for, their CEO. We highlight several context-specific structures and mechanisms that were influential in determining corporate control and CEO agency.

This article is part of a project entitled, ‘Heartlands/Pays du cœur’. This aims to offer new critical approaches to Québec's ‘regional’ novel; focusing on representations of rural, semi-rural, exurban and urban spaces and places outside of the province's largest city, Montreal. The article considers material and imaginary geographies of the Eastern Townships in relation to William S. Messier's Dixie (2013). Drawing on theories on walking, it is structured around a walking interview with the author, in which he and I discuss the importance of place in his writing whilst moving through key sites featured within it.

Intuitive knowledge, which is both mysterious and elusive when set against more dominant models of sense-making in the early 20th century, is critical to the representations of love and intimacy in Mina Loy’s famously controversial Love Songs to Joannes. The significance of Loy’s representations of intuition—or the desire to “mean” below the radar—manifests in the discursive antagonisms for which the poem is best known. As Love Songs strains under the weight of two conflicting world views, we come to see that Joannes’s cognitive and individualistic one stands in contrast with the speaker’s intuitive and embodied one. The division between scientific and intuitive modes of knowing occurs within a cultural moment whereby reason and fact came to be aligned with scientific and technological achievement, while being wholly cut off from ordinary human experience and its messier insights. For the speaker of the poem sequence, knowledge about the world gained and presented intuitively, through lived experience and through embodiment, cannot be straightforwardly articulated; for certain experiential truths to be shown at all, they must be made to function beyond the privileged ways of knowing and saying that structured the modern world.

Plant functional traits, in particular specific leaf area (SLA), wood density and seed mass, are often good predictors of individual tree growth rates within communities. Individuals and species with high SLA, low wood density and small seeds tend to have faster growth rates. If community-level relationships between traits and growth have general predictive value, then similar relationships should also be observed in analyses that integrate across taxa, biogeographic regions and environments. Such global consistency would imply that traits could serve as valuable proxies for the complex suite of factors that determine growth rate, and, therefore, could underpin a new generation of robust dynamic vegetation models. Alternatively, growth rates may depend more strongly on the local environment or growth-trait relationships may vary along environmental gradients. We tested these alternative hypotheses using data on 27 352 juvenile trees, representing 278 species from 27 sites on all forested continents, and extensive functional trait data, 38% of which were obtained at the same sites at which growth was assessed. Data on potential evapotranspiration (PET), which summarizes the joint ecological effects of temperature and precipitation, were obtained from a global data base. We estimated size-standardized relative height growth rates (SGR) for all species, then related them to functional traits and PET using mixed-effect models for the fastest growing species and for all species together. Both the mean and 95th percentile SGR were more strongly associated with functional traits than with PET. PET was unrelated to SGR at the global scale. SGR increased with increasing SLA and decreased with increasing wood density and seed mass, but these traits explained only 3.1% of the variation in SGR. SGR-trait relationships were consistently weak across families and biogeographic zones, and over a range of tree statures. Thus, the most widely studied functional traits in plant ecology were poor predictors of tree growth over large scales. Synthesis. We conclude that these functional traits alone may be unsuitable for predicting growth of trees over broad scales. Determining the functional traits that predict vital rates under specific environmental conditions may generate more insight than a monolithic global relationship can offer. The most widely studied functional traits in plant ecology, specific leaf area, wood density and seed mass, were only weakly associated with tree growth rates over broad scales. Assessing trait-growth relationships under specific environmental conditions may generate more insight than a global relationship can offer. © 2015 British Ecological Society.

Using high-resolution, multiple-passband Hubble Space Telescope images spanning the entire optical/near-infrared wavelength range, we obtained a statistically complete sample, $U$-band selected sample of 846 extended star clusters across the disk of the nearby starburst galaxy M82. Based on careful analysis of their spectral energy distributions, we determined their galaxy-wide age and mass distributions. The M82 clusters exhibit three clear peaks in their age distribution, thus defining a relatively young, log(t/yr) < 7.5, an intermediate-age, log(t/yr) $\in$ [7.5, 8.5], and an old sample, log(t/yr) > 8.5. Comparison of the completeness-corrected mass distributions offers a firm handle on the galaxy's star cluster disruption history. The most massive star clusters in the young and old samples are (almost) all concentrated in the most densely populated central region, while the intermediate-age sample's most massive clusters are more spatially dispersed, which may reflect the distribution of the highest-density gas throughout the galaxy's evolutionary history, combined with the solid-body nature of the galaxy's central region., 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 online-only data tables; ApJS, in press

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to explore some of the distinctive features of organizing and organization in France which set it apart from organization in other nations, and which are fundamental to itsmodus operandi. In particular, this article is concerned with elite connectivity and concerted action by elite “connectors”.Design/methodology/approach– The research underpinning this article stems from a cross-national comparative project on business elites and corporate governance in France and the UK. This has three dimensions, being quantitative, qualitative and case study-based. Concerted action by the ruling elite is explored through two illustrative vignettes: the ousting from office of Jean-Marie Messier and State-sponsored expansion as pursued by EDF. Both examples shed light on the French business elite’s response to globalization and the development of international business.Findings– The paper finds elite cohesion to be achieved quite differently in the two countries. In addition, it finds that the ties that bind French connectors tend to be strong and institutionally based.Practical implications– The case of EDF suggests that the most ambitious of State-sponsored strategies can also be the most successful. It implies that elite ideologies in France have deviated relatively little from sentiments expressed by Rousseau and de Gaulle concerning the primacy of the national interest and the conviction that firms can serve as an (expansionist) instrument of the nation. The Messier case illuminates the pattern of close relationships among the French business elite. It demonstrates how a strategy of expansion may come unstuck when it is not grounded in the customary modes of business regulation.Originality/value– This research confirms a slight preference on the part of the French business elite for more homogenous ties. Against this, the paper demonstrates that a significant proportion of the French elite act as boundary spanners, brokering relationships with others from more distant parts of the wider network. The integration of the French elite in the Eurozone has potentially favored bridge-building relationships and weakened national embeddedness. This may contribute to the decline of indigenous interlocks, while promoting the further internationalization of top management teams. The implications of this for organizational strategy, firm survival and economic performance form an agenda for future research.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial degenerative joint disease affecting more than 10% of adults over the age of 55 (Baliunas et al., 2002; Miyazaki et al., 2002). Radiographic indications of OA can be found in at least one joint in most people over 65; with prevalence rates as high as 80% in people over the age of 75, depending on the joint (Helmick et al., 2008; Lawrence et al., 2008; Lawrence et al., 1998; Sangha, 2000). Systematic autopsy studies reveal near universal pathological signs of OA in people over age 65 (Sangha, 2000). It is the most prevalent type of arthritis (Lawrence et al., 2008) and the knee is one of the most commonly affected joints. Symptomatic knee OA affects 4.3M adults over age 60 (Dillon et al., 2006). Moreover, OA of the knee is particularly debilitating in terms of normal locomotor activity and as such has devastating physical and psychological effects (Maly et al., 2006; Nebel et al., 2009). Characterized by pain and lack of mobility, osteoarthritis of the knee may have a profound influence on gait patterns. Among the most commonly reported differences are slower walking speeds, shortened step lengths, larger double support times (the period of time in the gait cycle when both feet are in contact with the ground), as well as decreased hip range of motion and knee range of motion angles as compared to a non-arthritic population (AlZahrani & Bakheit, 2002; Andriacchi et al., 1977; Baliunas et al., 2002; Brinkmann & Perry, 1985; Kaufman et al., 2001; Messier et al., 2005a; Messier et al., 1992). Patients also exhibit decreased knee angular velocity (Messier, 1994; Messier et al., 1992), a change compensated for by increased hip angular velocity (Messier, 1994). In addition, patients with knee OA have been shown to demonstrate both altered ground reaction forces and increased dynamic

Considerable debate exists regarding whether religiousness promotes or impedes greater father involvement in parenting. Our study addresses this issue using a Midwestern longitudinal data set that tracks the transition to first parenthood for 169 married couples. We focus on performance of the “messier” tasks of infant care. We find little evidence that religiousness enhances father involvement in this domain. Biblically conservative couples exhibit a greater gender gap in child care than others, with mothers more involved than fathers. The gender gap is also greater the more fathers work outside the home, the greater mothers' knowledge of infant development, and the less adaptable the infant. Average daily child care is lower the greater spouses' work hours, but higher with difficult pregnancies or fussy babies.

The primary advantage of the standing age distribution of a population is that it can be sampled. Analysis of the age frequencies for estimates of survival rates and determinations of population status by life table construction depend heavily on assumption that require additional data to evaluate. The analysis of age structures for the George River (Messier et al., 1988) and Beverly (Thomas and Barry, 1990a,b) caribou herd was reviewed. An alternativ method of estimating age specific survival rates was explored. The dependence of the life tables produced by the analysis of Messier et al. (1988) and Thomas and Barry (1990a,b) on tenuous and untestable assumptions regarding population growth rate over the life span of the oldest animals, stability of the standing age distribution, and constancy of life table parameters was emphasized. Although the life tables produced by Messier et al. (1988) for the George River herd and Thomas and Barry (1990a,b) for the Beverly herd are probably the best available for barren-ground caribou, they should be used with caution, particularly for management decisions.

Of the variable system s M3, fourty are analysed. The re- sults are given in th e table and are graphically represented in the figüre.