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This paper introduces a simulation model designed as a decision-making tool to assess and analyze various crowd management strategies with a focus on enhancing sustainability in airport operations. This model specifically addresses the challenges and risks associated with managing passenger flows within airport terminals. By simulating different scenarios, the model aims to provide valuable insights into how to effectively handle crowd dynamics and enhance overall terminal efficiency, safety, and sustainability. This case study was conducted at Henri Coanda International Airport, ARENA 12 simulation software being used in order to model the passenger flows within the airport terminal. Two scenarios were considered: The first one involves maintaining a fixed number of security and check-in desks for the two airline groups. In contrast, the second scenario allows for a variable number of security and check-in desks for the same airline groups. By optimizing resource allocation and minimizing waiting time, this model contributes to more sustainable airport management operations. Three measures of performance (MOPs) were selected to assess the system activity: the average passenger waiting time, the average passenger number queue length, and the average utilization rate. Comparing the results, we concluded that the second scenario shows a relative improvement in almost all performance measures when compared to the first scenario.

The port shunting yards are developed inside the area of the ports. The main activities are to receive the freight trains from the hinterland, to shunt the freight wagons according to their final destinations from the area of the port, to receive the wagons from maritime terminals, to accumulate wagons according to their destination, and to depart the freight train to the hinterland. So, it is important for port administration to have good methods to evaluate the transit capacity of port shunting yards. A feasible method is to use the discrete simulation model. In our paper, we develop one of this taking into consideration the input flow characteristics of freight trains from land network, the input flow characteristics of freight wagons from maritime terminals, the number of tracks in a port railway station, the technology used for separation of freight wagons on destinations (inside the port or from hinterland), and the duration of technological processes. From the results, we extract the values of trains and wagon sets that transit through the main areas of the railway station (Receiving Tracks, Hump(s) and Departure Tracks).

Urban areas are significantly different in terms of traffic risk. In a decisive manner, they are the result of urban development policies. The shape, size and configuration of an entire urban area, the facilities to satisfy people and the need for mobility of goods, as well as behavioural attitudes of the population, are essential for a traffic pattern and its associated risks. In this framework, the purpose of this paper is to identify the effects of urban area characteristics on road accidents. Using specific spatial analysis, a model of accident estimation in the urban areas of Bucharest is developed. The study aims to provide useful tools for urban decision makers for a-priori analysis of the consequences of urban outline changes on traffic risks.

Milling cutters belong to a widely used category of cutting tools. In this category, modular milling cutters are a narrow niche, less studied, and developed. Usually, they are symmetrical cutting tools. A milling cutting tool that can be reconfigured due to its modularity and still keeps its symmetry becomes more interesting and useful for machining. The paper presents such a new concept in a computer aided design (CAD) model of a cutting tool based on some novel features. The tool itself is designed as a modular complex. The way the torque is transmitted from the shaft to the elementary cutters is an original one, as they are joined together based on a profiled assembling. The profile is one formed of filleted circular sectors and segments. The reaming of the elementary cutters has two sections each of them assuming a task: transmitting the torque, and precisely centring, respectively. The cooling system, which is a component of the tool, provides the cutting area with coolant both on the front and side face of the cutting tool. Some nozzles placed around the cutting tool send jets or curtains of coolant towards the side surface of the cutter, instead of parallel, as some existing solutions do. The source of the coolant supply is the inner cooling system of the machine tool. This provides the tool with coolant having proper features: high enough flow and pressure. The output of the research is a CAD-based model of the modular milling cutter with a high performance cooling system. All of this model’s elements were designed taking into account the design for manufacturing principles, so it will be possible to easily manufacture this tool. Several variants of milling cutters obtained by reconfiguring the complex tool are presented. Even if the tool is usually a symmetric complex, it can process asymmetric parts. Symmetry is intensively used to add some advantages to the modular cutting tool: balanced forces in the cutting process, the possibility of controlling the direction of the axial cutting force, and a good machinability of the grooves used to assemble the main parts of the cutting tool.