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Purpose. Breast cancer is considered a huge health problem among women all over the world due to its increased mortality rate. Breast cancer deaths are decreased by 28–34% due to improvement in treatment and early detection. In order to detect breast cancer early and provide the best possible therapy, knowledge and awareness are essential. So, this study aimed to assess risk of breast cancer among nurses, the knowledge and practices of breast self-examination (BSE) and determine its barriers, and implement an educational program for them. Design. A quasiexperimental research design was used. Methods. This study was conducted at two university hospitals (main university hospital and woman's health hospital). A purposive sample of 280 nurses with age more than thirty-five years were included in the study using three tools, namely, structure interview questionnaire, breast cancer risk assessment tool, and a structured breast cancer knowledge and practice questionnaire. Nurses' knowledge and practices regarding breast cancer and BSE were first assessed and then they were provided with two educational courses covering theoretical and practical information. One month after the program ended, the nurses' knowledge and practices were assessed again. Results. About 3.2% of the participants have five years high risk of developing breast cancer according the risk assessment tool, the main barriers of do not do BSE did not find any symptoms and scared from finding any abnormality. There was a significant increase in knowledge and practice of breast self-examination posteducation compared to pre-education (73.2 and 98.2%, respectively). Also, there was a statistically significant difference between pre- and postprogram with a p value of 0.0001. Conclusion. This study concluded that 3.2% of the nurses with high risk of developing breast cancer needed a follow-up; more than half of them do not perform breast self-examination because they think that do not have any symptoms in the breast and the educational program with a significant effect on knowledge and practices of nurses. So, the researchers recommend the nurses need for an empowerment program and support by providing assistance in places of work as done free clinical examination and mammography by female specialist for privacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current experiments were conducted during two successive seasons, (2017/2018 and 2018/2019) to study the susceptibility of some faba bean varieties to the main insect pests attacking faba bean. Resistant varieties are effective and possible alternative technique to control insect pests according to their safeness and eco-friendly characters, which is considered a protection method to reduce the use of harmful synthetic insecticides. Our results indicated that based on susceptibility degree, faba bean varieties, were categorized into: the susceptible group, which contains Sakha3. The low resistant one contains Sakha4 and Giza843. The moderate resistant group observed in Noubaria1. The susceptible one with the highest average number of Aphis craccivora (Koch.), Bemisia tahaci (Genn.), Nezara viridula (L.), Emposaca spp. and Liriomyza congesta (Becker) recorded the highest of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, iron, total carbohydrates, crude protein, and total chlorophyll while received the lowest of manganese, total lipids, acidity, total phenol, silica, catalase and peroxidase en- zymes, as compared with the moderately resistance one which was almost the least infested with the aforementioned insects, as it had the least values of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, iron, carbohydrates, crude protein, and chlorophyll and the highest values of manganese, lipids, acidity, phenol, silica, catalase and peroxidase enzymes. Statistical analysis showed significant or highly significant positive relationship between varieties contents (total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, iron, total carbohydrates, crude protein and totalchlorophyll) with all tested insects, while was highly significant negative relationship with of manganese, lipids, acidity, phenol, silica, catalase and peroxidase en zymes. The yield and yield characters were negatively affected in susceptible varieties more than the low resistant and moderate resistant groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]