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An experiment was designed to study the efficacy of three indigenous medicinal plants in single as well as mixture of them on gastro-intestinal nematode infection and growth of calves under rural situation. Twenty-five growing calves were divided into five groups (A, B, C, D & E) and randomly assigned to five anthelmintic treatments- Neem leaves, Atis leaves, Pineapple leaves, mixture of the three leaves and patent drug Albendazole, respectively. Faecal samples were examined immediately before treatment and on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day post-treatment. Live weight was measured prior to treatment and thereafter fortnightly until 60th day post-treatment. There were no significant differences in the efficacy (FECR %) values of the herbal anthelmintics on 7th day post-treatment, however, FECR% on 14th and 21st day post-treatment of Pineapple leaves (71.67&75.33) were significantly (P

Seasonal dynamics of helminth parasites affecting indigenous ducks and the effects of parasites on Production performance under semi scavenging conditions were studied. To study the seasonal dynamics ducks were collected from different areas of Mymensingh district and subjected to routine Post-mortem examination for the collection of helminth parasites. A total of 300 ducks were examined of which 295 (98.33%) were positive for one/more species of helminth parasites. Thirty-one species of helminth parasites were identified, among them 16 species belonged to .trematodes, 8 species belonged to cestodes, 5 species belonged to nematodes, and 2 species belonged to acanthocephala. Relatively higher prevalence was recorded in rainy season (100%) followed by summer (98.10%) and winter (97.99%). In case of trematodes and acanthocephala,.the infection rate was the highest in rainy season (100% and 28.26%) followed by winter (89.93% and 7.38%) and summer (83.80% and 4.76% respectively). But in case of cestodes and nematodes first peak was observed in rainy season (67.39% and 47.83%) followed by summer (59.80% and 20.95%) and winter (42.95% and 17.45% respectively). The mean density of trematodes (21.93±2.05), cestodes (79.84±4.19), nematodes (6.82±1.13) and acanthocephala (52.08±2.59) was also the highest during rainy season. However, these variations were not statistically significant. On the other hand, this study revealed that the helminth parasitic infection greatly hampered the body weight gains and egg production. The mean body weight in the anthelmintic treated group was 1496.00±20.80 gm but in the untreated control group it was 1182.00±34.17 gm which was significant at 1% level. Besides, the onset of egg production was 32 days earlier in the treated group. The ducks of the treated group laid more eggs, 9.75 eggs /bird in contrast to 5.55 eggs/ bird in control group. The highest egg production was 55% in the treated group while in the untreated group it was 30%. The mean egg production per month in the treated group was 54.33±34.51 and in untreated group 37.00±31.19, which was significant at 5% level Moreover the birds of the treated group also laid relatively larger eggs. The mean weight of eggs of the treated group was 63.24±1.44 gm but that of untreated group was 55.60±1,50 gm.

The prevalence and pathological effects of the trematodes in liver and gallbladder of the indigenous ducks in Bangladesh were investigated during the period from July 2003 to June 2004. Out of 300 ducks examined, 208 (69.33%) ducks were infected with one or more species of avian liver flukes. The liver fluke species, recovered from the liver and gallbladder were: Metorchis orientalis (55.33%), Amphimerus anatis (54.33%), Amphimerus lancea (12.00%) and Amphimerus caudalitestis (1.00%). The highest prevalence was recorded in monsoon (91.30%) followed by winter (76.51%) and summer (49.52%). Similarly, the parasitic load was relatively higher in monsoon (23.10±3.10) followed by winter (18.76±2.98) and summer (08.99±2.95). The prevalence of the trematodes was significantly (P 6 months age than in the young ducks (06.91±1.39) of

Aqueous and ethanol extracts of twelve indigenous plants were screened for in vitro anthelmintic effect against adult gastrointestinal nematodes of goat origin (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp., Trichuris spp., Strongyloides papillosus, Oesophagostomum columbianum, Cooperia spp. and Buno.stomum trigonocephalum) and their infective larval stage (L3) obtained from in vitro culture. Aqueous extract of the plants showed potent (90-100%) effects against adult g/i nematodes at a concentration of 100 mg/ml whereas in ethanol extracts all plants except Amrul (Oxalis comiculata) were potent only at 50mg/m1 concentration. Ethanol extracts were found to be more effective than aqueous extract against both adult and infective larval stage (L3) comparing at different concentrations. In both cases in vitro activities against adults were much higher than that of infective larvae. Two patent drugs Deminthe (Morantel citrate) and Helmex0 (Albendazole) were included as positive control showed 100% effective against adult worms in vitro.

Epidemiological investigation on amphistomiasis through examination of viscera and faeces of 267 cattle, 120 goats, 67 sheep and 36 buffaloes in some parts of flood plains, hilly and coastal areas of Bangladesh during July, 1998 to June, 2001 revealed all types of animals infected with at least three or more species of amphistomes in all seasons of the year. The amphistome species were Gastrothylax crumemfer, Paramphistomum cervi, Cotylophoron cotylophorum; GiOntocotyle explanatum and Hom—alogaster ploniae. Simultaneous examination of 10,404 freshwater snails revealed 9 species of which at least five species namely Indoplanorbis exustus, Lymnaea spp. Thiara tubrculata, Bithynia tentaculata and Gyraulus convexiusculus were detected as the possible intermediate host of amphistome flukes. The vector snails were prevalent rouhd the year in almost all areas of the country except the extreme sea shores. There was a significant (p4 years) than in young (