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3. Age- and sex-related variations in extracellular vesicle profiling for the assessment of cardiovascular risk: the EVaging index

Author

Burrello, Jacopo, Goi, Jessica, Burrello, Alessio, Vacchi, Elena, Rendon-Angel, Azucena, Lazzarini, Edoardo, Bianco, Giovanni, Limongelli, Vittorio, Vassalli, Giuseppe, Cereda, Carlo W., Monticone, Silvia, Mulatero, Paolo, Bussolati, Benedetta, Alimonti, Andrea, Camici, Giovanni G., Melli, Giorgia, Osto, Elena, Pedrazzini, Giovanni, and Lucio, Barile

Published
2024
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4. Outcomes after medical treatment for primary aldosteronism: an international consensus and analysis of treatment response in an international cohort

Author

Yang, Jun, Burrello, Jacopo, Goi, Jessica, Reincke, Martin, Adolf, Christian, Asbach, Evelyn, Brűdgam, Denise, Li, Qifu, Song, Ying, Hu, Jinbo, Yang, Shumin, Satoh, Fumitoshi, Ono, Yoshikiyo, Libianto, Renata, Stowasser, Michael, Li, Nanfang, Zhu, Qing, Hong, Namki, Nayak, Drishya, Puar, Troy H, Wu, Vin-Cent, Vaidya, Anand, Araujo-Castro, Marta, Kocjan, Tomaz, O'Toole, Samuel Matthew, Hundemer, Gregory L, Ragnarsson, Oskar, Lacroix, André, Larose, Stephanie, Nakai, Kazuki, Nishikawa, Tetsuo, Ladygina, Daria, Turcu, Adina F, Sholinyan, Julieta, Fardella, Carlos E, Uslar, Thomas, Quinkler, Marcus, Mulatero, Paolo, Pintus, Giovanni, Rossi, Gian Paolo, Hahner, Stefanie, Amar, Laurence, Drake, William M, Varsani, Chetna, Brown, Morris J, Wu, Xilin, Deinum, Jaap, Freel, E Marie, Kline, Gregory, Naruse, Mitsuhide, Prejbisz, Aleksander, Young, William F, Jr, Williams, Tracy Ann, and Fuller, Peter J

Published
2025
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8. Machine learning for classification of hypertension subtypes using multi-omics: A multi-centre, retrospective, data-driven study

Author

Reel, Parminder S., Reel, Smarti, van Kralingen, Josie C., Langton, Katharina, Lang, Katharina, Erlic, Zoran, Larsen, Casper K., Amar, Laurence, Pamporaki, Christina, Mulatero, Paolo, Blanchard, Anne, Kabat, Marek, Robertson, Stacy, MacKenzie, Scott M., Taylor, Angela E., Peitzsch, Mirko, Ceccato, Filippo, Scaroni, Carla, Reincke, Martin, Kroiss, Matthias, Dennedy, Michael C., Pecori, Alessio, Monticone, Silvia, Deinum, Jaap, Rossi, Gian Paolo, Lenzini, Livia, McClure, John D., Nind, Thomas, Riddell, Alexandra, Stell, Anthony, Cole, Christian, Sudano, Isabella, Prehn, Cornelia, Adamski, Jerzy, Gimenez-Roqueplo, Anne-Paule, Assié, Guillaume, Arlt, Wiebke, Beuschlein, Felix, Eisenhofer, Graeme, Davies, Eleanor, Zennaro, Maria-Christina, and Jefferson, Emily

Published
2022
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9. World Hypertension Day 2021 in Italy: Results of a Nationwide Survey

Author

Del Pinto, Rita, Grassi, Guido, Muiesan, Maria Lorenza, Borghi, Claudio, Carugo, Stefano, Cicero, Arrigo F. G., Di Meo, Luciano, Iaccarino, Guido, Minuz, Pietro, Mulatero, Paolo, Mulè, Giuseppe, Parati, Gianfranco, Pucci, Giacomo, Salvetti, Massimo, Sarzani, Riccardo, Savoia, Carmine, Sechi, Leonardo, Tocci, Giuliano, Volpe, Massimo, Vulpis, Vito, and Ferri, Claudio

Published
2022
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12. Whole blood methylome-derived features to discriminate endocrine hypertension

Author

Armignacco, Roberta, Reel, Parminder S., Reel, Smarti, Jouinot, Anne, Septier, Amandine, Gaspar, Cassandra, Perlemoine, Karine, Larsen, Casper K., Bouys, Lucas, Braun, Leah, Riester, Anna, Kroiss, Matthias, Bonnet-Serrano, Fidéline, Amar, Laurence, Blanchard, Anne, Gimenez-Roqueplo, Anne-Paule, Prejbisz, Aleksander, Januszewicz, Andrzej, Dobrowolski, Piotr, Davies, Eleanor, MacKenzie, Scott M., Rossi, Gian Paolo, Lenzini, Livia, Ceccato, Filippo, Scaroni, Carla, Mulatero, Paolo, Williams, Tracy A., Pecori, Alessio, Monticone, Silvia, Beuschlein, Felix, Reincke, Martin, Zennaro, Maria-Christina, Bertherat, Jérôme, Jefferson, Emily, and Assié, Guillaume

Published
2022
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13. Prevalence of Hyperkalemia and Familial Hyperkalemic Hypertension in 5100 Patients Referred to a Tertiary Hypertension Unit.

Author

Tetti, Martina, Burrello, Jacopo, Hureaux, Marguerite, Billon, Clarisse, Clauser, Eric, Veglio, Franco, Rabbia, Franco, Pasini, Barbara, Crisetti, Annalisa, Jeunemaitre, Xavier, Mulatero, Paolo, and Monticone, Silvia

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hyperkalemia is a frequent electrolyte alteration whose prevalence varies widely, depending on the adopted cutoff, the setting (inpatients versus outpatients), and the characteristics of the study population. Familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHH) is a rare cause of hypertension, hyperkalemia, and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, we investigated the prevalence of hyperkalemia (serum K+ >5.2 mmol/L on 2 repeated measurements) in 5100 referred patients affected by arterial hypertension, the potential causes, and the associated cardiovascular risk profile. RESULTS: Overall, 374 (7.3%) patients had hyperkalemia. This was associated with drugs known to increase K+ levels (74.6%), chronic kidney disease (33.7%), or both (24.3%). Among the 60 patients with unexplained hyperkalemia, 3 displayed a clinical and biochemical phenotype suggestive of FHH that was genetically confirmed in 2 of them (0.04% in the entire cohort). FHH prevalence rose to 3.3% in patients with unexplained hyperkalemia and up to 29% (2/7) if they had serum K+ >5.8 mmol/L. The genetic cause of FHH was a missense variant affecting the acidic motif of WNK1 in 1 family and a rare CUL3 splicing variant, whose functional significance was confirmed by a minigene assay, in another. Finally, we observed a significant association between hyperkalemia and the occurrence of cardiovascular events, metabolic syndrome, and organ damage, independent of potential confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of hyperkalemia in patients with hypertension has prognostic implications. A timely diagnosis of FHH is important for effective management of hypertension, electrolyte imbalance correction with tailored treatment, and genetic counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. The 2020 Italian Society of Arterial Hypertension (SIIA) practical guidelines for the management of primary aldosteronism

Author

Rossi, Gian Paolo, Bisogni, Valeria, Bacca, Alessandra Violet, Belfiore, Anna, Cesari, Maurizio, Concistrè, Antonio, Del Pinto, Rita, Fabris, Bruno, Fallo, Francesco, Fava, Cristiano, Ferri, Claudio, Giacchetti, Gilberta, Grassi, Guido, Letizia, Claudio, Maccario, Mauro, Mallamaci, Francesca, Maiolino, Giuseppe, Manfellotto, Dario, Minuz, Pietro, Monticone, Silvia, Morganti, Alberto, Muiesan, Maria Lorenza, Mulatero, Paolo, Negro, Aurelio, Parati, Gianfranco, Pengo, Martino F., Petramala, Luigi, Pizzolo, Francesca, Rizzoni, Damiano, Rossitto, Giacomo, Veglio, Franco, and Seccia, Teresa Maria

Published
2020
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16. Mutation affecting the conserved acidic WNK1 motif causes inherited hyperkalemic hyperchloremic acidosis

Author

Louis-Dit-Picard, Helene, Kouranti, Ilektra, Rafael, Chloe, Loisel-Ferreira, Irmine, Chavez-Canales, Maria, Abdel-Khalek, Waed, Argaiz, Eduardo R., Baron, Stephanie, Vacle, Sarah, Migeon, Tiffany, Coleman, Richard, Do Cruzeiro, Marcio, Hureaux, Marguerite, Thurairajasingam, Nirubiah, Decramer, Stephane, Girerd, Xavier, O'Shaugnessy, Kevin, Mulatero, Paolo, Roussey, Gwenaelle, Tack, Ivan, Unwin, Robert, Vargas-Poussou, Rosa, Staub, Olivier, Grimm, Richard, Welling, Paul A., Gamba, Gerardo, Clauser, Eric, Hadchouel, Juliette, and Jeunemaitre, Xavier

Subjects
Physiological aspects, Models, Genetic aspects, Health aspects, Causes of, Acidosis -- Genetic aspects -- Causes of -- Models, Gene mutation -- Health aspects, Protein kinases -- Genetic aspects -- Health aspects, Renal tubule -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects, Gene mutations -- Health aspects, Kidney tubules -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects
Abstract

Introduction Familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHHt), also known as Gordon syndrome and pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2, is a rare disease associated with net positive [Na.sup.+] balance and renal [K.sup.+] retention resulting in [...], Gain-of-function mutations in with no lysine (K)1 (WNK1) and WNK4genes are responsible for familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHHt), a rare, inherited disorder characterized by arterial hypertension and hyperkalemia with metabolic acidosis. More recently, FHHt-causing mutations in the Kelch-like 3-Cullin 3 (KLHL3-CUL3) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex have shed light on the importance of WNK's cellular degradation on renal ion transport. Using full exome sequencing for a 4-generation family and then targeted sequencing in other suspected cases, we have identified new missense variants in the WNK1 gene clustering in the short conserved acidic motif known to interact with the KLHL3-CUL3 ubiquitin complex. Affected subjects had an early onset of a hyperkalemic hyperchloremic phenotype, but normal blood pressure values" Functional experiments in Xenopus laevis oocytes and HEK293T cells demonstrated that these mutations strongly decrease the ubiquitination of the kidney-specific isoform KS-WNK1 by the KLHL3-CUL3 complex rather than the long ubiquitous catalytically active L-WNK1 isoform. A corresponding CRISPR/Cas9 engineered mouse model recapitulated both the clinical and biological phenotypes. Renal investigations showed increased activation of the Ste20 proline alanine-rich kinase-[Na.sup.+]-[Cl.sup.-] cotransporter (SPAK-NCC) phosphorylation cascade, associated with impaired ROMK apical expression in the distal part of the renal tubule. Together, these new WNK1 genetic variants highlight the importance of the KS-WNK1 isoform abundance on potassium homeostasis.

Published
2020
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17. Predictors of recurrence of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a multicenter study in Piedmont, Italy

Author

Parasiliti-Caprino, Mirko, Lucatello, Barbara, Lopez, Chiara, Burrello, Jacopo, Maletta, Francesca, Mistrangelo, Marinella, Migliore, Enrica, Tassone, Francesco, La Grotta, Antonio, Pia, Anna, Reimondo, Giuseppe, Giordano, Roberta, Giraudo, Giuseppe, Piovesan, Alessandro, Ciccone, Giovannino, Deandreis, Dèsirèe, Limone, Paolo, Orlandi, Fabio, Borretta, Giorgio, Volante, Marco, Mulatero, Paolo, Papotti, Mauro, Aimaretti, Gianluca, Terzolo, Massimo, Morino, Mario, Pasini, Barbara, Veglio, Franco, Ghigo, Ezio, Arvat, Emanuela, and Maccario, Mauro

Published
2020
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18. Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition in Cardiovascular Patients at the Time of COVID19: Much Ado for Nothing? A Statement of Activity from the Directors of the Board and the Scientific Directors of the Italian Society of Hypertension

Author

Iaccarino, Guido, Borghi, Claudio, Cicero, Arrigo F. G., Ferri, Claudio, Minuz, Pietro, Muiesan, Maria Lorenza, Mulatero, Paolo, Mulè, Giuseppe, Pucci, Giacomo, Salvetti, Massimo, Savoia, Carmine, Sechi, Leonardo Alberto, Volpe, Massimo, and Grassi, Guido

Published
2020
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20. Diagnostic Accuracy of Aldosterone and Renin Measurement by Chemiluminescence for Screening of Patients with Primary Aldosteronism.

Author

Tetti, Martina, Burrello, Jacopo, Goi, Jessica, Parasiliti-Caprino, Mirko, Gioiello, Giulia, Settanni, Fabio, Monticone, Silvia, Mulatero, Paolo, and Mengozzi, Giulio

Subjects
RENIN, HYPERTENSION, MEDICAL screening, CONFIDENCE intervals, CHEMILUMINESCENCE, CHEMILUMINESCENCE assay, CHEMILUMINESCENCE immunoassay
Abstract

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of endocrine arterial hypertension, and the suggested screening test for case detection is the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) or aldosterone-to-direct renin ratio (ADRR) based on radio-immunoassay (RIA) and chemiluminescence assay (CLIA), respectively. The objective of our study was to evaluate the reliability of CLIA for aldosterone and renin measurement and the diagnostic performance of ADRR. A prospective cohort of 1110 patients referred to a single laboratory medicine center underwent measurement of aldosterone and direct renin concentration (DRC) by CLIA and measurement of aldosterone and plasma renin activity (PRA) by RIA. Of 1110 patients, 640 obtained a final diagnosis of hypertension, and 90 of these patients were diagnosed with PA. Overall, between-method correlation was highly significant for aldosterone concentrations (R = 0.945, p < 0.001) and less strong but significant for DRC/PRA (R = 0.422, p < 0.001). Among hypertensive patients, in PA cases, the areas under the receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves were 0.928 (95% confidence interval 0.904–0.954) for ADRR and 0.943 (95% confidence interval 0.920–0.966) for ARR and were comparable and not significantly different. The highest accuracy was obtained with an ADRR cut-off of 25 (ng/L)/(mIU/L), displaying a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 85%. The chemiluminescence assay for aldosterone and DRC is a reliable method for PA diagnosis compared to the classical RIA method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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24. Genetics, prevalence, screening and confirmation of primary aldosteronism: a position statement and consensus of the Working Group on Endocrine Hypertension of The European Society of Hypertension*

Author

Mulatero, Paolo, Monticone, Silvia, Deinum, Jaap, Amar, Laurence, Prejbisz, Aleksander, Zennaro, Maria-Christina, Beuschlein, Felix, Rossi, Gian Paolo, Nishikawa, Tetsuo, Morganti, Alberto, Seccia, Teresa Maria, Lin, Yen-Hung, Fallo, Francesco, and Widimsky, Jiri

Published
2020
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25. Subtype diagnosis, treatment, complications and outcomes of primary aldosteronism and future direction of research: a position statement and consensus of the Working Group on Endocrine Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension*

Author

Mulatero, Paolo, Sechi, Leonardo A., Williams, Tracy Ann, Lenders, Jacques W.M., Reincke, Martin, Satoh, Fumitoshi, Januszewicz, Andrzej, Naruse, Mitsuhide, Doumas, Michael, Veglio, Franco, Wu, Vin Cent, and Widimsky, Jiri

Published
2020
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29. Outcomes after adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism: an international consensus on outcome measures and analysis of remission rates in an international cohort

Author

Williams, Tracy Ann, Gomez-Sanchez, Celso E, Funder, John W, Reincke, Martin, Adolf, Christian, Amar, Laurence, Auchus, Richard J, Bartsch, Detlef K, Baudrand, Rene, Beuschlein, Felix, Björklund, Peyman, Brown, Morris J, Burrello, Jacopo, Carey, Robert M, Catena, Cristiana, Connell, John M, Deinum, Jaap, Dekkers, Tanja, Fahey, Thomas J, 3rd, Fallo, Francesco, Fardella, Carlos E., Giacchetti, Gilberta, Giraudo, Giuseppe, Hellman, Per, Januszewicz, Andrzej, Kitamoto, Kanako Kiriyama, Kline, Gregory A, Kocjan, Tomaz, Lenders, Jacques W M, Mantero, Franco, Miller, Barbra S, Morimoto, Ryo, Mulatero, Paolo, Naruse, Mitsuhide, Nishikawa, Tetsuo, Pham, Uyen, Plouin, Pierre-François, Prejbisz, Alexander, Quinkler, Marcus, Rottenkolber, Marietta, Rump, Christian L, Satoh, Fumitoshi, Sechi, Leonardo A, Stowasser, Michael, Umakoshi, Hironobu, Veglio, Franco, Widimský, Jirí, Jr, Willenberg, Holger S, Young, William F, Jr, Williams, Tracy A, Kitamoto, Kanako K, and Prejbisz, Aleksander

Published
2017
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30. Association of adrenal steroids with metabolomic profiles in patients with primary and endocrine hypertension.

Author

Knuchel, Robin, Erlic, Zoran, Gruber, Sven, Amar, Laurence, Larsen, Casper K., Gimenez-Roqueplo, Anne-Paule, Mulatero, Paolo, Tetti, Martina, Pecori, Alessio, Pamporaki, Christina, Langton, Katharina, Peitzsch, Mirko, Ceccato, Filippo, Prejbisz, Aleksander, Januszewicz, Andrzej, Adolf, Christian, Remde, Hanna, Lenzini, Livia, Dennedy, Michael, and Deinum, Jaap

Subjects
ADRENOCORTICAL hormones, ESSENTIAL hypertension, METABOLOMICS, CUSHING'S syndrome, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, BODY mass index
Abstract

Introduction: Endocrine hypertension (EHT) due to pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL), Cushing's syndrome (CS), or primary aldosteronism (PA) is linked to a variety of metabolic alterations and comorbidities. Accordingly, patients with EHT and primary hypertension (PHT) are characterized by distinct metabolic profiles. However, it remains unclear whether the metabolomic differences relate solely to the disease-defining hormonal parameters. Therefore, our objective was to study the association of disease defining hormonal excess and concomitant adrenal steroids with metabolomic alterations in patients with EHT. Methods: Retrospective European multicenter study of 263 patients (mean age 49 years, 50% females; 58 PHT, 69 PPGL, 37 CS, 99 PA) in whom targeted metabolomic and adrenal steroid profiling was available. The association of 13 adrenal steroids with differences in 79 metabolites between PPGL, CS, PA and PHT was examined after correction for age, sex, BMI, and presence of diabetes mellitus. Results: After adjustment for BMI and diabetes mellitus significant association between adrenal steroids and metabolites - 18 in PPGL, 15 in CS, and 23 in PA - were revealed. In PPGL, the majority of metabolite associations were linked to catecholamine excess, whereas in PA, only one metabolite was associated with aldosterone. In contrast, cortisone (16 metabolites), cortisol (6 metabolites), and DHEA (8 metabolites) had the highest number of associated metabolites in PA. In CS, 18-hydroxycortisol significantly influenced 5 metabolites, cortisol affected 4, and cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, and DHEA each were linked to 3 metabolites. Discussions: Our study indicates cortisol, cortisone, and catecholamine excess are significantly associated with metabolomic variances in EHT versus PHT patients. Notably, catecholamine excess is key to PPGL's metabolomic changes, whereas in PA, other non-defining adrenal steroids mainly account for metabolomic differences. In CS, cortisol, alongside other non-defining adrenal hormones, contributes to these differences, suggesting that metabolic disorders and cardiovascular morbidity in these conditions could also be affected by various adrenal steroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. Familial hyperaldosteronism: an European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions clinical practice guideline.

Author

Mulatero, Paolo, Scholl, Ute I, Fardella, Carlos E, Charmandari, Evangelia, Januszewicz, Andrzej, Reincke, Martin, Gomez-Sanchez, Celso E, Stowasser, Michael, and Dekkers, Olaf M

Subjects
*HYPERALDOSTERONISM, *ENDOCRINE diseases, ADRENAL cortex tumors
Abstract

We describe herein the European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and management of familial forms of hyperaldosteronism. The guideline panel consisted of 10 experts in primary aldosteronism, endocrine hypertension, paediatric endocrinology, and cardiology as well as a methodologist. A systematic literature search was conducted, and because of the rarity of the condition, most recommendations were based on expert opinion and small patient series. The guideline includes a brief description of the genetics and molecular pathophysiology associated with each condition, the patients to be screened, and how to screen. Diagnostic and treatment approaches for patients with genetically determined diagnosis are presented. The recommendations apply to patients with genetically proven familial hyperaldosteronism and not to families with more than one case of primary aldosteronism without demonstration of a responsible pathogenic variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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36. Immunohistopathology and Steroid Profiles Associated With Biochemical Outcomes After Adrenalectomy for Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism

Author

Meyer, Lucie S., Wang, Xiao, Sušnik, Eva, Burrello, Jacopo, Burrello, Alessio, Castellano, Isabella, Eisenhofer, Graeme, Fallo, Francesco, Kline, Gregory A., Knösel, Thomas, Kocjan, Tomaz, Lenders, Jacques W.M., Mulatero, Paolo, Naruse, Mitsuhide, Nishikawa, Tetsuo, Peitzsch, Mirko, Rump, Lars C., Beuschlein, Felix, Hahner, Stefanie, Gomez-Sanchez, Celso E., Reincke, Martin, and Williams, Tracy Ann

Published
2018
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37. Computed Tomography and Adrenal Venous Sampling in the Diagnosis of Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism

Author

Williams, Tracy A., Burrello, Jacopo, Sechi, Leonardo A., Fardella, Carlos E., Matrozova, Joanna, Adolf, Christian, Baudrand, René, Bernardi, Stella, Beuschlein, Felix, Catena, Cristiana, Doumas, Michalis, Fallo, Francesco, Giacchetti, Gilberta, Heinrich, Daniel A., Saint-Hilary, Gaëlle, Jansen, Pieter M., Januszewicz, Andrzej, Kocjan, Tomaz, Nishikawa, Tetsuo, Quinkler, Marcus, Satoh, Fumitoshi, Umakoshi, Hironobu, Widimský, Jiří, Jr, Hahner, Stefanie, Douma, Stella, Stowasser, Michael, Mulatero, Paolo, and Reincke, Martin

Published
2018
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41. Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Elevated Aldosterone-to-Renin Ratio but Negative Confirmatory Test: The Progression of Primary Aldosteronism Phenotypes.

Author

Buffolo, Fabrizio, Pecori, Alessio, Reincke, Martin, Outland, Merve, Veglio, Franco, Schwarzlmüller, Paul, Bidlingmaier, Martin, Kunz, Sonja, Stremmel, Christopher, Mengozzi, Giulio, Priolo, Gabriella, Mulatero, Paolo, Adolf, Christian, and Monticone, Silvia

Abstract

BACKGROUND: About 10% of patients with arterial hypertension have a positive screening test for primary aldosteronism (PA) and 50% to 70% of them have a negative confirmatory test: the appropriate follow-up of these patients is currently unknown. We investigated the incidence of PA in patients with previous negative confirmatory testing, after at least a 2-year follow-up. METHODS: One hundred eighty-four patients with a previously elevated aldosterone-to-renin ratio followed by a negative confirmatory test were recruited in 2 hypertension centers (Torino and Munich). We repeated the screening test for PA and, if positive, the confirmatory test (seated saline infusion test or captopril challenge test). Primary end point of the study was the incidence of newly diagnosed overt PA, as defined by a positive confirmatory test. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 5 years, 20% of patients developed overt PA. When subtype diagnosis was offered systematically, one-third of patients displayed unilateral PA. Patients who developed PA showed worsening of blood pressure control and a higher rate of cardiac organ damage, despite similar implementation of antihypertensive therapy, compared with patients without PA. A mild progression of autonomous aldosterone secretion was evident even in patients without confirmed PA but with relatively stable control of blood pressure levels over time. CONCLUSIONS: About one-fifth of patients with a negative confirmatory test develop overt PA over time. A clinical follow-up of patients with a negative confirmatory test is advisable, along with the repetition of PA investigation, primarily in patients with worsening of blood pressure control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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