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Urban bird atlases offer solid information about the distribution and breeding status of birds and can help in urban planning, education, research, pest control, and many other fields of work. In Romania, the first urban atlas was completed for Cluj city in 2017. Our study offers solid information about breeding birds from the capital city, Bucharest, the biggest city in Romania. Fieldwork was conducted with the help of volunteers in the period of April–June, from 5:00 to 10:00 AM, starting in 2016 and lasting until 2023. Data was collected from squares of 1x1 km, summing a total of 159 complete squares from the 251 covering the whole city, with over 70.000 bird observations. Mobile apps were used for data collection and orientation inside the monitoring squares. Before the atlas study started, few bird observations were recorded; since 2016, thousands of observations have been made, with new species being discovered every year. Occasional observations and data from artificial nests were accepted too. Because of the small number of recorders, we divided the squares into two classes of importance: the main area, which includes the squares inside a buffer zone of 6 km from the city center, and a secondary area for the rest of the squares, focusing our efforts to finish the squares in the main area. More volunteers are needed, and also new approaches to collecting data on nocturnal and invasive species.

The escalating demand for advanced structural materials with superior wear and corrosion resistance in aeronautical and military applications has spurred interest in amorphous alloys, particularly metallic glasses, due to their non-crystalline atomic configurations and exceptional mechanical properties. High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) spraying, a high-performance thermal spray technology, has emerged as a robust solution for enhancing the surface integrity of these materials by delivering dense, well-bonded coatings. This study investigates the integration of HVOF in reinforcing amorphous materials, with a specific focus on augmenting wear resistance under extreme mechanical stresses and improving corrosion protection in hostile environments. Key parameters such as particle velocity, flame temperature, and spray distance are analyzed to optimize coating quality while preserving the amorphous phase. The article delves into the microstructural evolution during deposition, assessing the resultant performance improvements through empirical data and computational models. Findings indicate that HVOF reinforcement significantly enhances the operational longevity of amorphous materials, positioning them as viable candidates for high-stress, corrosive conditions in military aviation, defense systems, and aerospace components.

This article explores how the January 6th attack on the Capitol building is represented in the discourse of the participants in the insurrection. We analyze a self-compiled corpus of depositions and interviews with individuals involved in the January 6, 2021, assault, which we have named TruJan. The TruJan corpus was compiled from the GovInfo website. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC-22) was used for the analysis to extract the most frequent topics discussed by the interviewees during the hearings, along with sentences that showcase the attitudes of the speakers regarding the most salient issues. The second part of the article offers a close reading of the depositions and interviews with movement leaders or founders: Ali Alexander (Stop the Steal), Henry “Enrique” Tarrio (Proud Boys), and Stewart Rhodes (Oath Keepers). We argue that Trumpism’s latent totalist potential was made manifest in the January 6 attacks due to the political setbacks Trump faced when losing the 2020 elections, which was perceived as a state of crisis.

Allium species have great potential in the production of functional food via selenium biofortification. This review is devoted to the specificity of Allium plant biofortification with Se, including the genetic peculiarities, effect of the chemical form of the microelement, methods of supply, sulfur and AMF effects, and hormonal regulation. The biosynthesis of methylated Se amino acids and the beneficial effect of Se treatment on secondary metabolite accumulation and plant yield are discussed. Special attention is paid to the production of functional foods based on Allium plants enriched in different ways: bread with leek leaf powder, Allium microgreens and seedlings, and ‘Black garlic’ biofortified with Se. Further focus is provided to the high variability of Allium crop yield and quality under Se supply governed by genetic factors and environmental stresses, and to the need for plant growth technology optimization to obtain the predicted nutritional characteristics of the derived functional product with high anti-carcinogenic activity.

Plant–soil interactions in semi-desert conditions elicit the development of plant-specific adaptation strategies, including selective accumulation of macro- and microelements. Using an ICP-MS analysis of 12 plant species belonging to Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Ephedraceae, Amarantaceae, and Lamiaceae families of the Baskunchak Nature Reserve, remarkable species differences in accumulation of 22 macro- and microelements were recorded. The most common Artemisia species and Poaceae representatives belong to two different groups of plants with high content of Na, K, Zn, Cu, V and high antioxidant status and low Si typical for the former group and the opposite characteristics for the latter one. The mentioned phenomenon indicates two diverse powerful adaptation mechanisms based on the antioxidant defense and Si protection, respectively. The high frequency of remarkable levels of Se in plants with BCF exceeding 1 (Glycyrrhiza aspera, Phlomis pungens, Tanacetum nullifolium, Helichrysum nogaicum, and Jurinea ewersmannii), Zn in all species except Poa angustifolia, and Cu in the Asteraceae plants Phlomis pungens and Krascheninnikovia ceratoides suggests the significance of these elements in plant tolerance to environmental stresses. Plant–soil positive correlations were recorded for Sr (r = 0.866; p < 0.001); plant Sr, Fe, Co, Pb levels and soil salinity (r = 0.763, p < 0.001; r = 0.606, p < 0.03; r = 0.627, p < 0.02; r = 0.548, p < 0.05, respectively); and Cr only for Asteraceae species (r = 0.986, p < 0.001). The results obtained in this research may be used in plant adaptability evaluation in conditions of environmental stress.

The cross-sectional study was carried out in two high schools (one rural and the other one urban) with the aim of assessing the differences in oral health behavior between the two samples of teenagers. Materials and methods: An original questionnaire containing 17 questions was used in the study, which was completed by 251 adolescents aged between 15-17 years. Results: Healthy behaviors were found, such as a high percentage of teenagers who brushed their teeth 2 times a day (71.0% in rural and 75.0% in urban area) and the occasional consumption of carbonated drinks by 65.5% of young people from rural area and 55.5% of those from urban area. Unhealthy behaviors were represented by 51.4% of young people from rural area and 43% from urban area who addressed to the dental office only in case of pain, with the last visit being more than one year ago for 58.0% of rural teenagers and 53.5% of urban teenagers. A percentage of 40.9% of urban adolescents declared using mouthwash, while the highest percentage of rural adolescents (42.9%) did not reported using any additional method. An increased daily consumption of cariogenic products several times a day was reported by approximately the same percentage of urban and rural teenagers (49.4% and 42.1%, respectively). In conclusion, the study results indicate differences between the two social areas, with dental visits only in case of pain, dental anxiety, smoking and the prevalence of untreated caries found in the highest percentage among teenagers from rural areas.

Adopting sustainable marketing strategies in the beauty industry can bring significant benefits to brands and consumers, not only can it help protect the environment and promote social responsibility. Through consumer education and innovation, the beauty industry can play an important role in the transition to a more sustainable future. Promoting sustainability in the beauty industry through marketing strategies has significant implications for companies, consumers and the environment. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the influence of sustainable marketing strategies on purchasing behavior and brand image. In order to highlight the perception of influences, a qualitative research of social media messages was carried out with the help of the FSQCA software. Brands that promote sustainability are perceived as ethical and responsible, which can attract a wider and more dedicated audience, in a saturated market, sustainability can be an important differentiator, helping them stand out from the competition.

Understanding how the different components of mobile marketing influence consumer decisions can guide companies in developing more effective marketing strategies that lead to improved business outcomes. The complexity of consumer behavior and mobile marketing requires a rigorous and creative approach that combines theory with practice, analysis with synthesis, and data with interpretation. By gaining a deeper understanding of consumer behavior and the impact of mobile marketing, we can help shape a future in which technology and marketing are used in ways that benefit all stakeholders. We live in a technology-dominated era where mobile devices have become part of our everyday lives. In this digital cumulus, consumer behavior has undergone radical transformations, and understanding these changes is essential for any company that wants to remain competitive. Mobile marketing, in particular, has become an indispensable communication channel capable of reaching consumers in various, personalized and direct ways. Therefore, the study of the impact of these strategies on consumer behavior is not only relevant, but also necessary to successfully delve into the different situations and factors of the contemporary market. This research aims to develop and contribute to existing insights in the field by applying advanced analytical methods, such as SEM-PLS, to model and understand the complex relationships between mobile marketing and consumer behavior.

The purpose of this study is to measure the relationships established between the strength and stability of the lower limbs in adolescents from the eastern region of Romania. The study included 29 girls and 18 boys. Handgrip strength and explosive leg strength were measure. Stability was determined using the Y-Balance test. There is a relationship between the left limb index and countermovement jump with arm swing in boys (r = -0.49; p < 0.05). Both groups recorded significant correlations only between the Y coefficients of the lower limbs (r = 0.60; p < 0.001), and the Y coefficient of the left limb and the Y score (r = 0.62; p < 0.001). In the adolescents evaluated by us, strength and stability have non-significant relationships.

Dental practitioners are at a high risk of occupational infections, but some of them do not comply with infection control practices very well. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk perception of work-related infections and the corresponding preventive measures among dental students in Iasi, Romania. Material and methods: Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study included 90 subjects aged 22-28 years, attending years 4th, 5th and 6th of the Faculty of Dental Medicine within the “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Iasi. Results: Wearing of personal protective equipment was reported by a percentage between 20% and 88% of the students. Half of the investigated students reported that they always perform hand hygiene after dental procedures The potential risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens in the dental office was correctly estimated by 23% of students for HBV, 26% for HCV, and 33% for HIV. A percentage of 73% of study participants declared that they received full HBV vaccine, and 60% of students were not sure about what they must do in case of an accident with exposure to blood. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest the need for continuous information and a better awareness of young practitioners on work-related infections and preventive measures in dentistry.

Background and Study Aim. Explosive power is an important element of fitness levels, with fast muscle contractions being required in most physical activities. Study implements and verifies the effects of ballistic exercises with medicine balls of various weights on upper body explosive strength for non-sporting university students. Material and Methods. The study involved 184 male and 143 female undergraduate students, all 21 years old. These students had no medical contraindications to participating in the activities required by the physical education program. The development of upper body explosive strength was conducted using ballistic exercises, specifically various types of medicine ball throws, over one academic year. The evaluation comprised six tests: Overhand Ball Throw, Overhead Medicine Ball Throw-forward, Overhead Medicine Ball Throw-backward, Medicine Ball Chest Throw, Shot Put - Track and Field, and 30 s Plyometric Push-Ups. These tests were scheduled at three different times during the academic year: October, December, and May. Results. The results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with repeated measurements indicate F values associated with statistically significant thresholds (p < 0.05). In contrast, partial eta squared (η²p) values demonstrate a stronger effect of ballistic exercise application for the male group. Significant improvements in results were observed for both genders from one test to another. The differences were notably larger between the test conducted before the winter holiday (December) and the test at the end of the second semester (May) compared to those between the test at the beginning of the academic year (October) and the one before the winter holiday (December). This pattern indicates a clear improvement in muscle strength in the second semester (January-May). The only test where high percentages of men, and especially women, encountered problems was the 30-second Plyometric Push-Ups. In the final tests, 10% of males and 40% of females scored zero. Conclusions. Ballistic exercises based on various medicine ball throws prove to be an attractive and effective solution to improve upper body muscle strength for non-sporting university students. The application of these exercises can significantly enhance physical education programs by providing clear benefits in terms of strength development. This is particularly evident in environments aimed at general student populations rather than athletes. Furthermore, while the exercises are broadly beneficial, they may require modifications to address the challenges some students face.

The geographic distribution of the Long-legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) in Europe has expanded during the last decades. The aim of our study is to (1) gather a comprehensive dataset regarding the presence of the Long-legged Buzzard in Romania, including all the available historical (i.e., before the year 2000) and recent observations (i.e., between 2001–2023), to (2) map Long-legged Buzzards’ observations, and to (3) show the occurrences of the species according to phenological periods of the year, in the different regions of Romania. Historical occurrence data are available from 1891. Using this data, we mapped the distribution of the Long-legged Buzzards between 1891 and 2000, and found that the species was present during this period in the similar regions of Romania as the ones from where recent observations were undertaken, i.e., between 2001 to 2023. However, after the year 2000 considerably more observations are available, indicating a potential expansion of the species and/or an increased sampling effort. Furthermore, contrary to the previous assumptions, our data revealed that the species is present in recent time in each phenological period of the year, that is, pre-breeding, breeding, post-breeding, wintering, in all regions. Overall, our comprehensive dataset may be the foundation of future works aiming to reveal details about the potential expansion rate, and the temporal and spatial distributions of the species over the last century.

The female with oostegites of Apseudopsis apocryphus are redescribed in detail, in the case of A. bacescui some remarks about the female with oostegites are given. The male of the species A. apocryphus and the subadult male of A. bacescui are described.

Summary:. The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is the preferred method for autologous breast reconstruction after mastectomy, but risks the development of hernia, bulge, and decreased core strength. Robotic harvest of DIEP vessels may limit abdominal wall morbidity through smaller fascial incisions and preservation of motor nerves. This study shows the expected learning curve (LC) for robotic harvest and compares the LC between a general surgeon (GS) and a plastic surgeon (PS). A retrospective cohort study was performed for patients who underwent bilateral robotic DIEP flap harvest from October 2021 to September 2022. We evaluated robotic pedicle dissection time (DT) and compared the times between GS and PS. We calculated LC for each surgeon using the cumulative sum (CUSUM) method, CUSUM=∑i=1n(xi−μ−). The LC was identified as the peak of the CUSUM graph. Forty-four flap dissections were recorded during the collection period: 27 by the PS and 17 by the GS. There was no significant difference in DT between the GS and the PS (P = 0.366), and both surgeons saw a decrease in DT over time. Using the CUSUM method, we see the peak of the plot at patient 9 for the PS and the peak of the plot at patient 5 for the GS, after which cumulative DT decreased. As robotic harvest of DIEP flaps becomes accepted, plastic surgeons who wish to incorporate it into their practice may achieve proficiency in their DT within 10 flap harvests and a similar DT compared with robotic-trained GSs.

The climate has changed significantly over the past few decades around the globe. To make meaningful comparisons between changes occurring over time in the tree world, comprehensive databases on the most important species and their evolution must be created. It is essential to consider latitude, longitude, altitude and local relief when analyzing data. Given the extensive distribution of oak, hornbeam and ash, a sequence analysis was conducted to definitively examine the characteristics of these species in West Plain, West Hills, Apuseni Mountains and Transylvania's Tableland. The data for all the regions comprised a total of 708511 ha, which were subjected to rigorous analysis to determine characteristics such as yield class, volume, increment, structure and participation percentage. The data was analyzed using the most appropriate modern statistical programs, including correlation matrices, ANOVA, principal component analysis, matrix data analysis and the cluster method. In relation to the altitudinal variation, oak is present at average altitudes of 200–250 m in West Plain, 400–500 m in West Hills and Transylvania's Tableland, and 900–950 m in Apuseni Mountains. Hornbeam has a similar spreading with oak, but records its presence in slightly higher altitudes of West Hills (400–700 m) and lower in Apuseni Mountains (700–750 m). Volume is also an important indicator, as it is susceptible to climate change. Oak has the highest age-volume, over 95 years, while ash and hornbeam have it less than 90 years. The results are crucial for understanding the ecological requirements of oak, hornbeam and ash, as well as for effectively managing these forests.

The digital transformation of education aims to equip the human capital with a set of digital skills characterized by complementarity that can be applied interdisciplinary. Besides, digitalization is often linked with economic development and efficiency, which led to the adoption of the Digital Education Action Plan 2021-2027 by the European Commission. As one of the EU-27 high-income member states, Romania fails in terms of digitalization of the human capital or economy. Hence, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of digital education and human capital development on sustainable economic growth in Romania. The methodological approach used both qualitative and quantitative methods, like the regression model that allowed the quantification of relationships between variables. Data collection was applied for the period between 2020 and 2024. The main findings suggest that many systemic issues prevent Romania from taking advantage of its robust digital infrastructure. Despite the important growth potential presented by Romania, the lack of a clear innovation strategy to develop digitalization for sustainable economic growth had a very negative effect on the development of digital competencies of the human capital. Further research should focus on the role of digital skills in labour market resilience, the impact of digital education on regional economic disparities, and the governance and policy interventions in digital transformation.

Poor oral health can have significant consequences on the overall condition of an elderly person, affecting basic functions such as eating, speaking, and even social interactions. As they age, patients often face a range of specific oral health issues, such as tooth loss, gingivitis, periodontal disease, or dry mouth, which can significantly affect their quality of life. Pain, discomfort, and difficulty in chewing or swallowing food can lead to malnutrition and weight loss, negatively impacting general health and energy levels. Besides the impact on nutrition, oral health problems can influence both the physical appearance and the self-esteem of the patient. Moreover, oral health status can generate social anxiety, which may lead to isolation and depression. Education about proper oral hygiene, regular visits to the dentist for assessment and treatment, as well as adopting a healthy lifestyle that promotes oral health, such as quitting smoking and limiting the consumption of sugar-rich foods are important aspects in the care of oral health and improving the quality of life for elderly patients. The OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile) index is a tool used to assess the impact of oral health on quality of life. The questions in the OHIP-14 index address various aspects of oral health, including dental pain and discomfort, masticatory functionality, the psychosocial impact of dental problems, and the overall health-related impact. The scores obtained can be used to quantify the impact of dental problems on quality of life and to monitor the evolution over time of the patient’s health status.

We have lately noticed an increase of illegal drug consumption among young people. This phenomenon is associated to acute and chronic health problems worsened by diverse factors such as the properties of substances, the way of administration, the vulnerability of the individual and the social context in which drugs are used. Drugs affect general health by causing psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular and neurological diseases and, in the case of high quantities, even coma and death. These substances inevitably have effects on the oral cavity from rampant caries, severe xerostomia to periodontal disease, perforation of the nasal septum and palate, and to leukoplakia and oral cancer. From the viewpoint of dental treatment, we must envisage an interdisciplinary approach with the psychiatrist, psychologist and internist. The quality of life of these individuals is impaired due to the impact of these substances not only on their health but also on the psychological side through the appearance of emotional, mental and social disorders represented by marginalization and the lack of integration into society. Among the illicit drugs, alcohol and marijuana are less damaging for health as compared to cocaine and crack cocaine which may result in serious and sometimes lethal diseases.

Economic corridors are a key idea in the framework of European economic integration, and they have a big influence on infrastructure connectivity and regional development. Geographical regions or transportation routes that make it easier for people, products, and services to move between states or regions are what they are known as. This essay delves into the idea of economic corridors and demonstrates their crucial function within the framework of the modern European economy. These efficiency instruments, which serve as vital transportation and infrastructure routes that ease the movement of people, products, and services between states and regions, have emerged as a key idea in European economic development. The definition of economic corridors in the context of Europe and their critical role in promoting regional cohesion and economic growth are the main topics of this essay. The study also identifies and highlights the ways in which economic corridors and traditional economies differ from one another and impact and changing the economic dynamics of EU member states and regions. Through a thorough analysis of the unique attributes of economic corridors and their influence on both economic and social integration, this paper offers a thorough understanding of their significance in the contemporary European economy and their ability to influence future regional and economic development. The study looks at various economic corridors and their effects on the European economy, including those related to transportation, energy, and communications. Along with the policies and tactics required to optimize their advantages, it also covers the opportunities and difficulties related to the creation and administration of economic corridors. This paper primarily investigates the definition and features of economic corridors through an extensive review of the literature and analysis of pertinent data. Included in these are factors like its geographic extent, the infrastructure that supports it, and the transportation and trade routes that traverse it. The statement underscores the significance of various forms of economic corridors, including those by land, sea, or air, in fostering regional cohesiveness and competitiveness.

The results of previous studies conducted at the European level highlight the low level of Eastern European countries, which are predominantly in the second half of the Digital Competitiveness (DC) ranking, and the situation is similar for Sustainable Competitiveness (SC). On these premises, the purpose of this research was set to analyze the influence of the four dimensions of the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) of Eastern European countries from 2014-2022 on the SC index selected on the basis of the same criteria. The achievement of this aim is supported by setting the following objectives: objective 1: identification of the interdependence relationship between the digital economy and the sustainable economy; objective 2: bibliometric analysis of the literature indexed on the Web of Science platform of the most relevant studies dealing with the four dimensions of the DESI: "connectivity", "human capital", "digital technology integration" and "digital public services"; objective 3: determination of the influence of the DESI dimensions on CS through econometric analysis. The results of the research are materialised in the confirmation of the link between digitisation and sustainability based on bibliometric and econometric analysis. The usefulness of the results lies in the fact that this study represents a contribution to the literature in terms of investigating the relationship between DESI dimensions and CS index in Eastern European countries.

Seed storage of agricultural crops in the conditions of International Space Station (ISS) is an effective method of quick plant breeding aimed to enhance the adaptability, and improve the biologically active compound accumulation and crop yield. Biochemical and mineral composition (ICP-MS) of lettuce grown in greenhouse from seeds stored for one year at the ISS was assessed. High varietal differences in lettuce tolerance to the effect of micro-gravity and radiation were evaluated using the values of yield, biometrical parameters, antioxidant status and plant mineral composition. Among the cultivars studied, i.e. Petrovich, Synthesis, Moskovsky parnikovy, Picnic, Cavalier and Bouquet, only the cvs. Retrovich, Synthesis, Moskovsky parnikovy and Picnik retained seed viability. Significant yield increase was recorded for the cv. Moskovsky parnikovy, while the cvs. Petrovich, Synthesis and Picnic demonstrated a tendency to the yield decrease. Improvement of photosynthetic pigment accumulation due to seed space storage was recorded for the cv. Moskovsky parnikovy and, particularly, the latter cultivar differed from the other cvs. due to the significantly higher proline level and lower MDA levels in leaves. Though space stress did not cause any significant decrease in antioxidant accumulation of plants, the latter demonstrated valuable changes in mineral composition. Among the 23 elements tested, V, Se. Fe and Cr showed higher concentrations compared to those in the control plants. Positive correlations between Ca, Sr, Cd, Cp, Mg, Mo and Pb were recorded (r > 0.9; p < 0.001).

The aim of this work was to characterize the quality of meat from hares (Lepus europaeus Pallas), namely, the fatty acid content, health lipid indices, and instrumental, histological, and sensory profiles by gender and muscle type (Longissimus dorsi/LD vs. Semimembranosus/SM). The ΣPUFA/Σ SFA was higher for males, with an average value of 1.62/1. The Σn6/n3 ratio was elevated for males, with a mean value of 5.34/1. The mean meat essential fatty acids were 41.94%, the desirable fatty acids were 77%, and the polyunsaturation index was 6.09. Moreover, the atherogenic index was 0.72, the thrombogenic index was 0.71, the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (h/H) fatty acids ratio was 3.30, and the nutritive value index was 1.35. After the sensory analysis, the LD muscles showed higher scores in males for overall appreciation (4.20 vs. 3.95) but higher scores in females for SM muscles (4.14 vs. 4.00). Shear force was influenced by the ratio between muscle and connective tissue, and the proportion of collagen and protein was related to the number of muscle fibers. Muscle and connective tissues are inversely proportional, and their ratio is an indicator of the textural and mechanical properties of the analyzed samples. Hare meat is an appreciated resource for consumers in terms of its sensory, instrumental, and nutritional values, and it has a higher value than that obtained from livestock species or other wild animals (more valuable proteins, lower fat content, and better health lipid indices).

Based on a multi-analytical approach involving mobile techniques and lab-based devices (XPS, portable and micro-Raman spectroscopies, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, combined with SEM/EDS and optical microscopy), this study presents the first in-depth investigation of two cultural heritage artworks painted by the famous Romanian artist Ștefan Luchian. The research highlights the artist’s use of a wide range of colors, with his palette including classic pigments such as ochers, lead white, barium white, zinc white, and viridian, as well as contemporary colors such as cobalt purple, alizarin crimson, and the little-known indium yellow. Additionally, attempts are made to characterize the binders used in the paintings, which include linseed oil and animal glue. Beyond identifying the types of pigments and materials used by the artist and assessing the degradation stage of the paintings, this study is the first to provide information regarding the use of In2O3 as a yellow pigment in artwork.

Increasing interest is being devoted to environmentally friendly strategies, such as the use of plant biostimulants, to enhance crop performance and concurrently ensure food security under the perspective of sustainable management. The effects of two biostimulant formulations (protein hydrolysate and spirulina) on four Italian traditional storage onion cultivars (Ramata di Montoro, Rossa di Tropea, Rocca Bruna, Dorata di Parma) were investigated in Naples province (southern Italy), in terms of yield, quality, shelf-life, bioactive compounds, and mineral composition. Ramata di Montoro showed the highest levels of yield (66.4 t ha−1) and vitamin C (31.5 mg g−1 d.w.) and the longest shelf-life (228 days). Significant increases in marketable yield were recorded under the applications of both protein hydrolysate (+15.5%) and spirulina (+12.4%) compared to the untreated control. The two biostimulant formulations significantly increased bulb shelf-life and the contents of polyphenols (201.4 mg gallic acid eq. 100 g−1 d.w. on average vs. 158.6 of the untreated control), vitamin C (26.8 mg g−1 d.w. on average vs. 22), and both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant activities. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of both protein hydrolysate and spirulina as sustainable tools for enhancing both yield and quality parameters within the frame of environmentally friendly farming management.

Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is one of the most commercially popular aromatic spices which has long been used in folk medicine as a medicinal plant due to the presence of a wide group of bioactive secondary metabolites. The experimental data available to date indicate that plants of individual species within the Lamiaceae family implement different strategies for the absorption and distribution of selenium (Se) and differ in their metabolic response to Se treatment. In this regard, the present study investigated the effect of Se application (in the form of sodium selenate) at various concentrations (2.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, and 40.0 μM) on the growth and accumulation of Se in oregano plant shoots and roots, as well as on nutritional components and secondary metabolites in shoots. The addition of Se to the nutrient solution at concentrations of 2–20 μM did not adversely affect the growth and accumulation of biomass in the oregano plants, which were characterized by a significant ability to transfer Se from roots to shoots (the translocation factor was >2). The Se treatment enhanced the nutritional proprieties of the oregano and, particularly, it stimulated the accumulation of carbohydrates and proteins (by 30 and 17%) and minerals (calcium and manganese). The total contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, luteolin-7-glucoside and its derivatives, catechin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, rosmarinic acid and oleanolic and ursolic acids, as well as the percentage of essential oil, showed a dose-dependent increase in the oregano under the Se treatment. Changes in the relative content of the four main components of oregano essential oil (sabinene, germacrene D, β-caryophyllene, and (Z)-β-ocimene) under the Se treatment were not significant. The relative proportions of β-caryophyllene oxide and terpinen-4-ol increased with Se concentration augmentation in the nutrient solution. The obtained results indicate the prospect of using Se at 5–20 μM concentrations in nutrient solution in hydroponically grown oregano to produce Se-biofortified plants with higher levels of health beneficial compounds and antioxidant activity without yield reduction.

The by-products of the extraction of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) concentrated juice may represent a functional food ingredient for white chocolate production, as a rich source of bioactive compounds. The effects of six treatments derived from the factorial combination of two types of by-products (with oil or without oil) and three different concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%), were assessed on rheological, quality, colour, antioxidant, and mineral properties of chocolate. The 15% addition of full powder led to the highest values of max firmness, total shear energy, shear energy, cohesiveness, gummosity, dry matter, and ABTS, compared to the untreated control, but the two highest concentrations of the oil-deprived powder resulted in the protein content increasing. The full powder addition always raised fat levels. Both the ‘L’ and ‘a’ colour component as well as total carotenoids, β-carotene, lycopene, and vitamin C increased with the rise of H. rhamnoides powder addition, compared to the untreated control. The opposite trend was shown by the ‘b’ colour component and pH, whereas polyphenols and antioxidant activity attained higher values with the oil-deprived powder. The content of potassium decreased upon the 15% addition of the Hippophae rhamnoides by-product powder, compared to the untreated control, whereas calcium and magnesium increased. The 15% H. rhamnoides full powder elicited the augmentation of phosphorus content in chocolate, compared to the untreated control, contrary to the effect of the oil-deprived powder on P and Zn. The employment of SBB by-products highlights the great potential for manufacturing innovative functional foods with high nutritional value, such as chocolate.

IntroductionPopulation abundance is amongst the most basic and crucial parameters for the assessment of conservation status of any species. Three species of odontocetes, all represented by local subspecies, inhabit the Black Sea: the Black Sea common dolphin Delphinus delphis ponticus, the Black Sea bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus ponticus, and the Black Sea harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena relicta. Their populations are threatened by multiple factors, including overfishing of their prey, bycatch, pollution and epizootics. Despite this, there are no basinwide estimates for any cetacean species in the Black Sea.MethodsIn 2019, a systematic study was carried out under the EU CeNoBS project. Six strata were designed in the waters of Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Türkiye and Ukraine, covering most of territorial and offshore waters, which were surveyed between June 19 and July 4. A line transect distance sampling approach was used, following predefined transects within each stratum, achieving a 5% coverage of the surveyed area. A total of 7,344 kilometres of transects were surveyed recording a total of 1,744 cetacean sightings. Design-based abundance estimates were obtained using a Multiple Covariate Distance Sampling (MCDS) approach. Model-based abundance estimates were also derived using a Generalized Additive Models (GAM) approach, linking species sightings with a number of environmental covariates (e.g., bathymetric features, sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a) over a grid of 10x10 km.Results and discussionThe uncorrected (for perception and availability bias) estimates obtained through the model-based analysis were 108,283 (CV=0.07) common dolphins, 22,720 (CV=0.15) bottlenose dolphins and 93,808 (CV=0.06) harbour porpoises. These aerial surveys yielded the first insights on overall abundance, density and distribution, providing current regional baseline values and density maps for all three cetacean species of the Black Sea during the summer months, to be used for the elaboration of effective conservation measures and to address national and international requirements.

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a shared burden for 68.1% of oncological patients undergoing chemotherapy with Paclitaxel (PTX). The symptoms are intense and troublesome, patients reporting paresthesia, loss of sensation, and dysesthetic pain. While current medications focus on decreasing the symptom intensity, often ineffective, no medication is yet recommended by the guidelines for the prevention of CIPN. Cannabinoids are an attractive option, as their neuroprotective features have already been demonstrated in neuropathies with other etiologies, by offering the peripheral neurons protection against toxic effects, which promotes analgesia.Methods: We aim to screen several new cannabinoids for their potential use as neuroprotective agents for CIPN by investigating the cellular toxicity profile and by assessing the potential neuroprotective features against PTX using a primary dorsal root ganglion neuronal culture.Results: Our study showed that synthetic cannabinoids JWH-007, AM-694 and MAB-CHMINACA and phytocannabinoids Cannabixir® Medium dried flowers (NC1) and Cannabixir® THC full extract (NC2) preserve the viability of fibroblasts and primary cultured neurons, in most of the tested dosages and time-points. The combination between the cannabinoids and PTX conducted to a cell viability of 70%–89% compared to 40% when PTX was administered alone for 48 h. When assessing the efficacy for neuroprotection, the combination between cannabinoids and PTX led to better preservation of neurite length at all tested time-points compared to controls, highly drug and exposure-time dependent. By comparison, the combination of the cannabinoids and PTX administered for 24 h conducted to axonal shortening between 23% and 44%, as opposed to PTX only, which shortened the axons by 63% compared to their baseline values.Discussion and Conclusion: Cannabinoids could be potential new candidates for the treatment of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy; however, our findings need to be followed by additional tests to understand the exact mechanism of action, which would support the translation of the cannabinoids in the oncological clinical practice.

Utilizing readily accessible information and communication technologies (ICTs), such as mobile devices, applications, and simple Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, and harnessing their potential through Experimentation as a Service (EaaS), crowdsensing, and gamification, represents one of the most effective approaches to implementing co-creation in smart cities. The benefits of this bottom-up approach are closely related to accurately identifying the real needs of city residents and increasing the chances of designing and implementing solutions with genuine impact, ensuring equity, social inclusion, sustainability, and community resilience. This paper investigates the utilization of ICTs to support social sustainability by analyzing 157 smart city projects funded under the Horizon 2020 program at the European Union level and 5 smart city projects from Canada. The results reveal the utilization of technological solutions such as testbeds, living labs, EaaS, crowdsensing, open data, and more for co-creation in smart city projects. In the discussion part, we point out the importance of focusing on technologies that are familiar to the beneficiaries and on leveraging resources already available as wearable devices or in the citizens’ homes, the versatility of the technological solutions analyzed, the role of heterogeneous and open data, and cross-disciplinary teams in creating new perspectives on urban problems, reducing inequity in the development of solutions to solve them. The concerns raised and problems reported relate to the technology itself (errors in operation), users (difficulties in stimulating their involvement and keeping it constant), and data (quality of data collected, difficult to process, ethics and security of data collection and use). Based on our results, we extract, synthetize and present six distinct categories of lessons learned by the implementation teams of the analyzed projects.

The study of a nest of Long‑legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus was carried out using a trail camera and is one piece of a completely unknown jigsaw puzzle of diet and nesting behaviour in Romania. With a hatching success of 75%, we identified 3 hatched chicks from the 4 eggs. During the 10 days of monitoring, 34 preys brought to the nest were identified, with a peak of activity between 11:00–17:00 and a preference for the European Ground Squirrel Spermophilus citellus (61.76%). This was followed by the Domestic Pigeon Columba livia f. domestica and the Common Wood Pigeon C. palumbus (5.88%), and amphibians were represented by the European Green Toad Bufotes viridis (2.94%). There were 10 unidentified prey species (29.41%). We identified the presence of plastic and textile fibres in the nest and the risk of chick suffocation. We also improved our understanding of interspecific interactions and our observations highlighted the mutualism between the three species in the nest: Spanish Sparrow, House Sparrow and LLB. The removal of solitary trees from the agricultural landscape is a major threat in south‑western Romania, affecting the breeding population of the LLB, which, as in our case, nests on this type of support.

Aim of the study Disability does not annul the right of an individual to receive qualitative health care, which includes oral and dental care; instead, it should actually increase the attentiveness of caregivers and medical providers regarding oral hygiene and treatment measures, considering the high risks of this category of population. Especially in the case of children and adolescents, population with a high prevalence of different types of disabilities, oral and dental care is often disregarded. This study aims to review current information in literature referring to disabled children and adolescents and the management of oral and dental care in the context of their quality of life. Material and methods A literature review was performed, after evaluating recent articles and studies, using the search terms: children, adolescents, disability, dental care. Results Inclusion of disabled individuals and their integration in society is more and more present, leading to concern regarding healthcare needs in general, and oral and dental care needs in particular. Since children and adolescents with disabilities present a greater risk for dental caries and periodontal pathology, efforts are made to prevent and properly manage these conditions. Conclusions Special needs dentistry benefits from the incredible evolution of social perception on disability, as well as technological and medical development available. Nevertheless, in our country, oral healthcare and dental prevention programs aimed at children and adolescents with disability are scarce, underlying an urgent need to develop and implement national strategies and plans to fulfil the worldwide current objective of a caries-free population.

Forests play a crucial role in climate change mitigation by acting as a carbon sink. Understanding the influence of soil properties on carbon stocks in forests is essential for developing effective forest management strategies. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of soil texture on carbon stocks in the biomass of deciduous and coniferous tree stands of a forest-steppe ecotone. Soil samples were collected from 55 soil pits, and forest inventory data were obtained from eight permanent sample plots. The results showed that the distribution of mechanical particles in soils, particularly the stocks of silt and clay, significantly influenced the accumulation of carbon in tree stands. The stock of silt and clay was shown to increase with an increase in the diversity of tree species in forests and carbon stocks in forest stands. While soil organic carbon stocks did not exhibit a clear relationship with tree stand carbon stocks, a strong positive correlation (r = 0.802, p < 0.05) was found between the stocks of fine particles in the 2 m root-inhabited soil layer and the carbon stocks in tree biomass. The study provides a classification of forest types based on soil texture, which can facilitate differentiated forest management strategies for enhancing the carbon sequestration potential of forest ecosystems in the forest-steppe zone.

Plant indicators are important in studies related to the environment, and mountain forests are rich in such plants. We conducted this study using the Web of Science Core Collection tools and the VOSviewer program combined with a classic review, based on the specialty literature. The topic of indicator plants in mountain forests has been (the first article published in a prestigious journal dates back to 1980) and remains relevant (after 2015, between 40 and 60 articles were published annually), with the total number of publications found being 665 articles and 22 review articles. These publications were authored by researchers from 96 countries, the most representative being the USA, China, and Germany (which also have large areas of mountain forests), and were published in 306 journals, with the most important being Ecological Indicators, Forest Ecology and Management, Forests, Journal of Vegetation Science, and Plant Ecology. They belong to the main scientific fields of Ecology, Forestry, Plant Sciences, and Environmental Sciences. The most frequently used keywords are vegetation, diversity, biodiversity, and forests. Their evolution over the past decade shows that the focus has shifted from keywords specific to this topic to those related to biodiversity and conservation, and more recently to climate change. Indicator plants in mountain forests are extremely varied but can be used successfully in the monitoring activity. Climatic conditions or human interventions lead to the dynamic of these indicator plants.

Background: Chronic venous disease (CVD) represents a significant health challenge, particularly in obese individuals. This study focuses on the interplay between inflammation, obesity, and CVD, by analyzing the role of inflammatory markers in the disease progression. Methods: Clinical and paraclinical data of 619 patients hospitalized and treated in the Phlebology Department (1stSurgical Department, “Pius Brînzeu” Emergency County Hospital Timișoara, Romania) between 2018 and 2024 were analyzed. Results: The statistical analysis revealed that age, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) were key predictors of CVD progression. Specifically, elevated CRP and fibrinogen levels correlated strongly with increased CVD severity, particularly in patients with higher body-mass index (BMI). BMI, while not an independent predictor, contributed indirectly to the disease severity through its association with these inflammatory markers. The logistic regression model incorporating age, BMI, CRP, fibrinogen, and ANC demonstrated a high predictive accuracy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.902, highlighting the models reliability in stratifying patients at risk for severe CVD. Conclusions: This predictive model not only aids in identifying high-risk patients but also reinforces inflammation as a critical therapeutic target in CVD management.

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare systems worldwide, leading to the postponement of elective surgeries, including inguinal hernia repair (IHR), as healthcare resources prioritized critical care. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the incidence and outcomes of IHR procedures. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 604 patients who underwent IHR over six years, spanning pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. Data on patient demographics, type of surgical procedure (elective or emergency), use of mesh, surgical duration, hospitalization period, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed across the three time frames. Results: Patient age remained consistent across the three periods, but a significant increase in female patients was observed during and after the pandemic (p < 0.001). Elective IHR surgeries significantly decreased during the pandemic (p < 0.001), paralleled by an increase in emergency cases (p = 0.004). In the post-pandemic period, elective surgeries rebounded, while emergency interventions declined (21.9% vs. 10.3%). Mesh repair usage increased notably in the post-pandemic phase (p < 0.001). Although surgeries took longer during the pandemic (p < 0.001), both total and postoperative hospital stays were reduced during and after the pandemic (p < 0.001). Minimal postoperative complications were reported throughout, with only one mortality during the pandemic. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for robust healthcare strategies to maintain elective surgical care during global crises, as delays in IHR may elevate risks for complications like hernia incarceration and strangulation.

Aims: The aim of this study is to identify methods for the digital analysis of the closest speaking space in dentates and to assess certain particularities using digital analysis. Method: For the adult patients included in this study, traditional dental casts were fabricated, and interocclusal registrations of the maximal intercuspal position and of the closest speaking space were taken using polyvinyl siloxane. Dental casts in both positions were scanned using a dental laboratory scanner, and digital analysis was conducted using the 3Shape 3D Viewer. Results: The interocclusal distance corresponding to the closest speaking space can be easily and precisely measured digitally or assessed using occlusion maps, at the level of all teeth. The interocclusal distance was variable across the dental arch, central incisors, and second molars, registering the smallest values, and was asymmetrical, with mandibular lateral deviation being suggested. The assessment of the range of motion of the mandible during the speaking test, recorded based on tooth movement, was conducted using superimpositions. The movement of the tooth was the largest in central incisors and decreased progressively as the tooth was more distal, and, in all cases, mandibular deviation occurred, more frequently to the left. Conclusions: Digital methods for the analysis of the closest speaking space have the advantages of increased precision and a broader range of analysis and application, showing research and clinical value.

Nowadays, there is a general concern regarding the increasing global talk about functional foods that respond to our demands and needs as consumers in order to maintain health and body weight through a correctly balanced diet. Cereals are key elements of nutrition and a healthy diet, and they also play a significant role in health promotion due to the useful nutrient content. Therefore, this work aims to identify barley and oat genotypes suitable for human nutrition and to achieve practical results for their widespread use in preventing or treating certain chronic diseases by analyzing the nutritional and physical properties of 52 genotypes of oat and barley conserved in Suceava Gene Bank, Romania. The first part of this manuscript is the presentation of these accessions and the evaluation of their most important properties. For oat and barley cultivars, detailed processing was carried out, involving the computation of variation amplitude, coefficients of correlation and cluster analyses, both for biochemical (protein, lysine and tryptophan contents) and physical (test weight and seed weight) properties. The results indicated high variability between oat and barley varieties. Thus, according to the results, the 26 varieties of oat exhibited almost double the content of lysine compared to barley seeds, while tryptophan had higher values in barley than in oat seeds. Overall, both species play an essential role in human nutrition, barley being important because of its high protein content and higher productivity compared to oats, which, although not as productive, have better quality seeds due to their higher lysine content. The results presented are not only of scientific interest but also have practical implications for agriculture, food safety, nutrition and human health. The documented information will facilitate new studies needed to contribute to improving human nutrition and health.

Muscle power (FxV, explosive strength or explosive power) is an element of fitness level that influences the quality and efficiency of movements. Most of the studies that address plyometrics identify the effectiveness of this method at the level of performance athletes with different specializations and muscle power requirements. We considered that we can also study the possibility of using plyometrics in physical education lessons. The research identifies the benefits of implementing plyometric exercises for non-athlete university students on lower body muscle power indicators in curricular physical activities. The group of analyzed students (327 subjects/undergraduate level, of which 143 female and 184 male) participated in physical education lessons during one academic year (1 activity per week). The plyometric exercises used were jumping variants, diversified and adapted in dosage to the motor possibilities of the non-athlete students (on one or both legs, lateral, on ladder rungs or boxes, over hurdles, over cones, vertical and horizontal jumps). Their usefulness and effectiveness were verified by 3 successive tests: at the beginning, middle, and end of the academic year, through a battery of 7 lower body muscle power tests. The statistical calculation identifies significant increases in performance for both genders for all tests applied, both between the initial and final tests (T1-T3) and over the shorter time intervals/T1-T2 and T2-T3 (p

Young adults represent the age group with the highest ability to understand the need of maintaining good oral health and the highest chance to adopt correct oral hygiene behaviors. Great attention should also be paid to risk factors for oral conditions, especially sugary aliments intake, which creates a suitable environment for developing dental caries. Young adults should be aware about the importance of reducing the frequency of consumption of these aliments. Smoking has negative effects on both general and oral health. It creates and maintains conditions favorable for developing oral diseases. Quitting smoking should be seen as an important recommendation, to ensure good oral health and quality of life. The impairment of oral health is strongly connected with quality of life. To quantify the impact of oral health on quality of life, the OHIP-14 questionnaire is widely used. Regarding the severity of the impact oral conditions have on quality of life, the most accused domains by subjects are physical pain, psychological discomfort and psychological disability. Oral health is directly influenced by caries experience, OHRQoL being lower as the caries prevalence is higher. To quantify the prevalence of dental caries, the DMFT index is one of the most used indicators. It evaluates, on one hand, the caries experience, and on the other hand, the exact number of decayed, missing and filled teeth. OHRQoL is a mandatory toll that helps understand the impact of oral conditions on general health. Both the OHIP-14 questionnaire and the DMFT index, are a real help to quantify the connection between oral conditions, most common of them being dental caries, and their negative effects on general health and on quality of life.

Explosive strength has a decisive role in the rapid execution of movements and in achieving sports performance. The purpose of the study is to identify the differences in the level of explosive force for the upper and lower body, depending on the involvement in curricular physical activities, leisure physical activities or physical efforts in various sports disciplines. The participants are students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport/bachelor’s degree: 147 men (age = 20.82 years old). The study was based on a transversal research, with the division of students into 3 distinct investigation groups (as an independent variable), according to sports majors: IS (individual sports), TSG (team sports games) and NA (non-athletes). 7 lower body explosive force evaluation tests and 6 upper body explosive force evaluation tests were applied. The use of ANOVA/Analysis of variance and the comparison on pairs of sports specializations indicate statistically significant differences for most of the tests, between the TSG and NA, respectively IS and NA groups, with the superiority of the athletes. No significant differences are reported between the TSG and IS groups, with 2 exceptions: in the 30s-Plyometric Push-Ups the IS group has significantly better values, respectively in the 30s-lateral hop for the TSG group (p ≤ 0.05). The results of our study are in line with the average performance values provided by other research in the field (although they are weaker than those of elite athletes). The superiority of the individual values of volleyball players and sprinters/Track and field for the power of the lower body, respectively of combat sports practitioners and practitioners of sports games—which use the muscle groups of the trunk and arms in training—for the power of the upper body is confirmed, so the specificity of the effort also influences the explosive force values.

The development of the Romanian education system must be carried out according to the needs of the consumers of educational services through the development of modern policies and reforms, through partnership between stakeholders, through the use of quality management models in order to review management efficiency. The models, methods and tools that educational institutions use create the space for lifelong learning and the opportunity for flexible education. The focus on the development of sustainable quality management systems for educational institutions shows that there is a growing awareness for quality management in educational institutions, as they want to increase the competitiveness of institutions in the European market. It is necessary to create a culture of quality, which is an essential condition for the implementation of TQM principles in an educational institution.

The intensity of selection, inadvertent pathways of domestication, and the influence of climate change collectively amplify the frequency of detrimental alleles. This phenomenon, in turn, triggers genetic drift, leading to an in-advertent decline in the diversity of plant genetic resources. Genetic variability is of utmost importance for a species’ adaptability and overall fitness. Our investigation centres on Triticum germplasm within the agroclimatic conditions of the Suceava Gene Bank, encompassing 2021–2022 field trials. Comprehensive morphophysiological characterisation was conducted across 200 cultivated varieties, spanning three Triticum species (T. aestivum, T. turgidum and T. monococcum). Initially, the data underwent meticulous processing involving the computation of amplitude of variation, variance (s2), standard deviation (√s), and coefficients of variation (s%) for three pivotal agronomical traits: plant height, spikelets per spike, and total seeds per spike. Furthermore, an extensive cluster analysis was performed, encompassing multiple vital plant descriptors. The findings unveiled a remarkable dispersion of data, with standard deviation, amplitude of variation, and coefficient of variation collectively indicating substantial variability among the cultivated varieties. Within the same population, an intriguing observation emerged; of the 200 genotypes analysed, 83 exhibited immunity to Septoria tritici. Delving deeper into the statistical analysis, we identified two primary clusters within the population. Overall, a significant proportion of this germplasm showcased elevated phenotype scores, rendering them well-suited for further exploration as foundational material in pre-breeding initiatives.

Research on strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) was carried out in greenhouse in 2022-2023, arranging a 4 x 2 factorial experiment, consisting of four levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solutions (1.2, 1.7, 2.2, and 2.7 dS m-1) and application of gypsum (without application – control and application). The plants were grown in coconut fibre substrate from late October to early June. The 2.2 dS m-1 ECsol resulted in the highest yield, whereas the highest values of dry matter and soluble solids were recorded under 2.7 dS m-1 ECsol. Gypsum application resulted in the increase of dry matter, soluble solids, firmness and colour components. The 2.2 and 2.7 dS m-1 ECsol led to the highest levels of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities as well as polyphenols and vitamin C. From the research carried out on strawberry grown in coconut fibre, it arose that the 2.2 dS m-1 EC of the nutrient solution showed the best effect on yield, but it did not generally differ from 2.7 dS m-1 regarding the quality of the 'fruits'. Gypsum treatment represents an effective strategy to improve some important qualitative characteristics of strawberry 'fruits', under the perspective of sustainable management of crop systems.

IntroductionThe level of essential minerals in meat is an important factor in human nutrition and health. Meat from responsibly managed wildlife is an alternative raw material with considerable nutritional benefits. Meat from hunted animals has essential and non-essential elements for the human body. It is important to carefully monitor the levels of heavy metals accumulated in the tissues of hunted animals in polluted areas to ensure food safety and environmental contamination. High levels of heavy metals in food and the environment can pose a danger to human health.MethodsThe study aims to investigate the levels of essential mineral elements and heavy metals in the muscle tissue and organs of wild boar harvested through the herd density control plan over the last decade in north-eastern Romania.Results and discussionThe statistical analysis indicates that the age of the animals had a significant impact on Fe, Cu, and Zn levels in Longissimus lumborum. In the kidney a highly significant difference in Fe content by sex, with males showing higher values than females. The sex was shown to significantly influence the Mg levels. However, there are concerns about the accumulation of heavy metals such as Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd), which may hurt the health of game meat consumers in the study area. Cd level it shows significant differences according to both age and sex, with higher concentrations in adults and males. Statistical analysis shows a negative correlation between Fe and Zn concentrations in muscle samples, while a positive correlation was found between Fe and Mn in kidney samples. There was also a positive association between Zn and Cu in muscle samples, but a negative association in kidney samples. Principal component analysis shows significant variation in essential element and heavy metals data between muscle and kidney samples. The loading plot shows a direct correlation between Pb and Cu and between Pb and Cd. However, an opposite correlation also is observed between Cu and Mg, Cd and Mg, and Pb and Mg. HQ (Hazard Quotient) for children compared to adults indicates a potentially higher risk associated with meat consumption among children because children are more vulnerable than adults. We report for the first time, to the best authors’ knowledge, various levels of essential minerals and exceeded maximum admitted level of heavy metals in the muscle tissues and kidneys of Sus scrofa ferus from Romania intended for human consumption, moreover, our findings highlight the need for strict monitoring and implementation of appropriate corrective measures, given the significant percentages of muscle and kidney samples exceeding the allowable limits for two of the most common toxic metals in the environment.