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This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 22021 "Mobility Data Science". This seminar was held January 9-14, 2022, including 47 participants from industry and academia. The goal of this Dagstuhl Seminar was to create a new research community of mobility data science in which the whole is greater than the sum of its parts by bringing together established leaders as well as promising young researchers from all fields related to mobility data science. Specifically, this report summarizes the main results of the seminar by (1) defining Mobility Data Science as a research domain, (2) by sketching its agenda in the coming years, and by (3) building a mobility data science community. (1) Mobility data science is defined as spatiotemporal data that additionally captures the behavior of moving entities (human, vehicle, animal, etc.). To understand, explain, and predict behavior, we note that a strong collaboration with research in behavioral and social sciences is needed. (2) Future research directions for mobility data science described in this report include a) mobility data acquisition and privacy, b) mobility data management and analysis, and c) applications of mobility data science. (3) We identify opportunities towards building a mobility data science community, towards collaborations between academic and industry, and towards a mobility data science curriculum., DagRep, Volume 12, Issue 1, pages 1-34

Augmenting training datasets has been shown to improve the learning effectiveness for several computer vision tasks. A good augmentation produces an augmented dataset that adds variability while retaining the statistical properties of the original dataset. Some techniques, such as AutoAugment and Fast AutoAugment, have introduced a search phase to find a set of suitable augmentation policies for a given model and dataset. This comes at the cost of great computational overhead, adding up to several thousand GPU hours. More recently RandAugment was proposed to substantially speedup the search phase by approximating the search space by a couple of hyperparameters, but still incurring non-negligible cost for tuning those. In this paper we show that, under the assumption that the augmentation space is approximately distribution invariant, a uniform sampling over the continuous space of augmentation transformations is sufficient to train highly effective models. Based on that result we propose UniformAugment, an automated data augmentation approach that completely avoids a search phase. In addition to discussing the theoretical underpinning supporting our approach, we also use the standard datasets, as well as established models for image classification, to show that UniformAugment's effectiveness is comparable to the aforementioned methods, while still being highly efficient by virtue of not requiring any search.

This demonstration paper focuses on transportation-related queries within a city that go beyond simple routing and that are of interest to different types of users. For instance, individual users could be interested in which modes of transport are more effective to reach a set of alternative locations at a given time of the day, whereas urban planners could be interested in the effect that adding/removing a bus line would have in connecting regions of a city, e.g., a residential neighborhood and downtown. Given that context and using real data from the city of Berlin, we introduce RRAMEN, an interactive tool which is well equipped to support different city-scale mobility-related queries by different types of users. published

Microcotyle is one of the most diverse and controversial genera within the family Microcotylidae. To date, 131 species have been described in Microcotyle; however, more than half have been transferred to other genera, and several others have poor descriptions. Therefore, less than half of all Microcotyle species may be considered valid. In Chile, two species have been recognized, and unidentified Microcotyle have been found on several littoral fish, but there has been no effort to properly identify them. In this study, two new species of Microcotyle are taxonomically described from intertidal fish of the central (33°S) and south-central (36°S) regions of Chile. In this study, Microcotyle sprostonae n. sp. (collected mainly from Scartichthys viridis in central Chile) and M. chilensis n. sp. (collected mainly from Calliclinus geniguttatus in south-central Chile) were identified based on morphological and molecular analyses (ITS2 and 18S genes). Both species of Microcotyle principally differed from one another and from other valid species in the number of testes and clamps. The two new species also differed from one another by one base pair in the ITS2 and 18S genes and differed from other species of Microcotyle by several base pairs of both genes. Intertidal fish are mostly endemic to the Pacific coast of South America, and they have a limited geographical distribution that does not overlap with the type hosts of other Microcotyle species. Therefore, the two new species described here are distinguished from other congeneric species by morphological, genetic, and biological characteristics. Resumen: El género Microcotyle es uno de los más diversos y controvertidos dentro de la familia Microcotylidae. A la fecha se han descrito 131 especies; sin embargo, más de la mitad han sido transferidos a otros géneros y varios otros tienen descripciones deficientes, por lo tanto menos de la mitad de las especies descritas podrían considerarse válidas. En Chile, se han reconocido dos especies de Microcotyle y existen registros de especímenes no identificados en varios peces costeros, pero que aún no han sido debidamente identificados. En este estudio se describe taxonómicamente, en base a datos morfológicos y moleculares (genes ITS2 y 18S), dos especies de Microcotyle encontrados en peces intermareales de la zona central (33°S) y centro-sur (36°S) de Chile: Microcotyle sprostonae n. sp. (principalmente de Scartichthys viridis en el norte y centro de Chile) y M. chilensis n. sp. (principalmente en Calliclinus geniguttatus de la zona centro-sur de Chile). Ambas especies de monogeneos se diferenciaron entre sí y de otras especies, principalmente en el número de testículos y clamps. Las dos nuevas especies también difieren entre sí, y con otras especies de Microcotyle secuenciadas hasta el momento, desde un par a varios pares de bases en los genes ITS2 y 18S. Los peces intermareales son mayoritariamente endémicos de la costa del Pacífico sudamericano, y tienen una distribución geográfica limitada que no se superpone con los hospedadores tipo de otras especies de Microcotyle. Por lo tanto, las especies aquí descritas se distinguen de sus congéneres por su morfología, genética y biología.

Notothen fishes (Nototheniidae) have been recorded on the coasts of South America, from 35°S to southern. Little is known about the biology of intertidal notothen fishes or their relationships with other species, including parasites. Here, we analyzed the parasitic fauna of a species of Notothenia collected from the rocky intertidal of Lebu, south-central Chile (36°S) and compared the parasite community of this host with other 9 fish species commonly found in rocky intertidal pools. Among the tested species, Notothenia sp. had the highest parasite richness (21 parasitic taxa vs. 1 to 9 parasitic taxa). The composition of parasite species was different among fishes, with similarity indices between 0 and 33%. The parasite composition of Notothenia sp. was most similar to Calliclinus geniguttatus (27%). The most abundant and prevalent parasites found in Notothenia sp. were the copepod Caligus cf. cheilodactyli, Tetraphyllidea larvae, anisakid nematodes, and several acanthocephalan species, which are typical of other fish from the subtidal and bento-demersal zones. Therefore, we conclude that the juveniles of Notothenia sp. were a few months old and had their parasites when reaching the intertidal zone, acquired some generalist parasites during their stay in this habitat, such as Holobomolochus chilensis and Lecithaster macrocotyle. Most notothen fishes are from Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic waters, therefore, it is possible that this fish came from another habitat but also from the austral region of South America. Notothenia sp. could not be specifically identified because of different results between morphological and genetic analyses. Resumen Los peces nototénidos (Nototheniidae) han sido registrados en las costas de Sudamérica, desde los 35°S hasta el extremo austral. Poco se sabe de su biología y de relaciones interespecíficas, incluyendo sus parásitos. En este estudio se analizó la parasitofauna de una especie de Notothenia juvenil, recolectada del intermareal rocoso de Lebu, centro-sur de Chile (36°S), y se comparó con las comunidades de parásitos de otras 9 especies de peces del mismo hábitat. Notothenia sp. mostró la mayor diversidad de parásitos en comparación a otras especies de peces (21 vs 1-9 taxa parasitarios). La composición parasitaria fue diferente entre las especies de peces analizadas, de 0 a 33% de similitud. Notothenia sp. presentó la mayor semejanza solo con Calliclinus geniguttatus (27%). Los parásitos con mayor abundancia y prevalencia en Notothenia sp. fueron el copépodo Caligus cf. cheilodactyli, larvas de Tetraphyllidea, nematodos anisákidos, y varias especies de acantocéfalos, siendo estos parásitos típicos de peces de las zonas submareales y demersales. Se concluye que los ejemplares de Notothenia sp. estaban parasitados cuando alcanzaron la zona intermareal. Solo unas pocas especies parásitas generalistas pudieron ser adquiridas por Notothenia sp. durante su corta estadía en este ambiente, tales como el copépodo Holobomolochus chilensis y el digeneo Lecithaster macrocotyle. Muchos peces nototénidos son de aguas antárticas y subantárticas, siendo posible que Notothenia sp. provenga de otros hábitats, submareal y demersal, pero también del extremo austral Sudamericano. En este estudio, Notothenia sp. no pudo ser identificada a nivel específico debido a las diferencias entre resultados morfológicos y genéticos.

Rankings are a fact of life. Whether or not one likes them, they exist and are influential. Within academia, and in computer science in particular, rankings not only capture our attention but also widely influence people who have a limited understanding of computing science research, including prospective students, university administrators, and policy-makers. In short, rankings matter. This position paper advocates for the adoption of "GOTO rankings": rankings that use Good data, are Open, Transparent, and Objective, and the rejection of rankings that do not meet these criteria., Accepted, to appear in Communications of the ACM

The coasts of central Chile and central California are important points of comparison in the study of ecological convergence such as a host's parasite load because of their similar environmental conditions and the shared presence of many families of different species. In this study, the diversity of parasites in fish species from both zones was analyzed and compared to establish if there are similarities between them. The presence of 6 taxonomic groups of parasites was determined using published literature and databases for each location. A presence-absence matrix was created for the fish species studied in Chile and California, and a similarity analysis was carried out to prove whether the parasite loads of both zones were similar. The parasite taxa most frequently found in fish in central California were Digenea and Nematoda, whereas in central Chile the common taxa were Digenea, Annelida, Copepoda, Acanthocephala, and Nematoda. The similarity analysis showed that the parasite composition was different between zones. Nevertheless, overlaps were obtained in the parasitic diversity grouping the host in 3 host groups, one of which consists of hosts from both zones. This difference can be explained by the low parasitic diversity in the assemble of rocky intertidal fishes in California, potentially due to the limited amount of existing studies on intertidal fish parasites in California, along with other possible factors not explored in the present study. Las costas de Chile y California central representan importantes puntos de comparación para el estudio de convergencias ecológicas como la composición de parásitos en distintos hospederos. Ambas costas presentan similares condiciones ambientales junto con compartir muchas familias de distintas especies. Se analizó la diversidad parasitaria de especies de peces de ambas zonas comparando si existe similitud entre estas faunas, además se determinó la presencia de 6 grupos taxonómicos de parásitos a través de la literatura y en bases de datos para cada zona (Chile y California). Se creó una matriz de presencia ausencia para las especies de peces estudiadas de ambas zonas y se realizó un análisis de similitud para probar si la composición parasitaria era similar. Los taxones de parásitos mayormente encontrados en peces de California Central correspondieron a digeneos y nemátodos mientras que en Chile central se encontró una mayor diversidad (Digenea, Annelida, Copepoda, Acanthocephala y Nematoda). El análisis de similitud mostró que las comunidades parasitarias entre Chile y California son diferentes significativamente, sin embargo, se obtuvieron sobreposiciones en la diversidad parasitaria agrupándose los hospedadores en 3 grupos, uno de los cuales estuvo conformado por hospedadores de ambas zonas. Esta diferencia puede ser explicada por la reducida diversidad de parásitos en el ensamble de peces del intermareal rocoso en California, tal vez debido a los escasos estudios existentes sobre parásitos de peces intermareales en California, junto con posibles factores no estudiados hasta el momento.