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Oxidative stress is the state of the formation of some pathophysiological condition with the excessive increase of the normal amount of free radicals in the organism. In this study, the in vivo genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of methanol and water extract and phenolic content of Hypericum perforatum flower, fruit, and seed methanol extracts were analyzed. HPLC was used to evaluate the quantities of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, O-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and catechin in the methanol extracts. The alkaline comet test was used to assess the DNA damage and protective effects of H. perforatum flower fruit, seed methanol, and water extract on human mononuclear leukocytes. The amounts of catechin and caffeic acid in seed methanol extract were found as quite high when compared to other extracts. The highest protective effects were seen at 10 and 50μg/ml concentrations of seed methanol extract. The optimum doses of fruit, flower, and seed extracts obtained from H. perforatum neutralized the genotoxic effect. This effect is stronger in seed methanol extract than other extracts. We suggest that more research is needed to evaluate the effects of H. perforatum phytochemicals in vitro and in vivo. [Med-Science 2022; 11(2.000): 784-8]

In the present study, for the first time, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out with the extract obtained from the fibrous structure in the pumpkin Cucurbita maxima (CM) fruit. The presence of silver nanoparticles formed by the reduction of Ag+ ions was determined with the maximum absorbance values of 442.89 nm in wavelength scans made by UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis. The functional groups of the phytochemicals involved in the reduction were examined by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. For the morphology of the synthesized AgNPs, they were found to be uniform in spherical appearance using atomic power microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images. The surface charges of AgNPs were determined to be -16.4 mV by Zeta potential analysis. Their crystal structures and nano-sizes were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) data to be in cubic pattern, and their size was 21.20 nm using the Debye-Scherrer equation. AgNPs (CM-AgNPs) synthesized via CM provided growth suppression at concentrations of 1.00-0.12, 2.00-1.00, and 0.50 µg/mL on pathogen gram-positive, gram-negative strains and the fungus Candida albicans, respectively. These concentrations were effective against antibiotics and silver solution at a very low concentration. [Med-Science 2022; 11(2.000): 794-9]