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How dyslexia students solve number operations is still challenging to unravel. This study aimed at revealing the types of errors conveyed by a dyslexic student in performing fractional operations on mathematical tasks that combined non-verbal text (symbols and pictures) and verbal text. The data were collected using a task-based interview with a 13- year-old dyslexic student that was recorded and focused on the types of errors on fractional operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division). Results depicted that the student overgeneralized whole number operations when adding two fractions with different denominators although she successfully converted the area model of fraction into a correct fraction operation, identified a common denominator but failed to change the fractions into equivalent form when subtracting two mixed fractions, failed to interpret a multiplication word problem into subtraction operation, and applied only part of the "invert and multiply" algorithm on a word problem. The assumption of the phonological disturbances that was found in the student participant's performance was not found consistently in all the given word problem.

The magnetic field is a more complex and abstract physics subject than other physics subjects, causing students' low ability to solve problems. So there is a need for learning instruments to overcome these problems, especially when online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research creates and implements an online problem-based learning (OPBL) assisted by digital books with 3D animation to improve students' physics problem-solving skills on magnetic field subjects. Research aimed to analyze the validity, effectiveness, and student responses to the learning instruments used. The method used in this research is quantitative by using quasi-experiment and survey methods. The results showed that this learning instrument was valid and reliable to use in terms of contents and constructs. According to statistical test results, this learning instrument is also effective in improving students' problem-solving skills on magnetic field subjects. Furthermore, the student's response to this learning instrument was very positive, making this learning activity more innovative and fun. Research implies that an OPBL assisted by digital books with 3D animation instruments can be a solution to improve students' physics problem-solving skills, especially during the online learning period.

Quality education is one of the aspects targeted for development by the SDGs points. Virtual game education is one of the tools used to achieve the goals emphasized by the SDGs. This research aims to identify trends and contributions of virtual game education (VGE) in education. This research uses bibliometric analysis techniques sourced from the Scopus database. The software used to visualize existing data is VosViewer. Over the past five years, research on VGE has been steady, peaking in 2022 with the most significant number of documents. VGE research increased from 2019 to 2022 but decreased in 2023. VGE research has been published as conference papers with Springer as publisher. Canada and the US are countries that have made significant contributions to this research. Ten dominant subjects impact education by developing digital learning media technology. The research uses a combined approach (quantitativequalitative) in the data analysis. These things are closely related to SDG point 4 (quality of education). Research on similar topics can be further developed using data other than Scopus, such as WOS and Citespace, as tools for more interesting visualization compared to VOSviewer.

Incorporating ethnoscience into lessons through the ethnoscience-students' worksheet (ESW) is one method to improve student interest in science learning while introducing them to the local culture. However, no research was reported the effects of ESW on students' responses and the factors that influence ESW implementation in science learning. In order to better understand how students learn through ESW, this study investigated the relationship between ethnoscience context, science learning, and the implementation of students' worksheets. Seventy-two students participated in the survey after they studied ethnoscience learning through ESW. Students' responses are more influenced by science learning. In addition, the ethnoscience-integrated students' worksheets (SW) variable indirectly affects students' responses. Additionally, ESW affects students' responses more significantly than science learning and ethnoscience. This research provides insightful implications for educators on planning, designing, and practicing ESW to enhance students' problem-solving motivation and academic achievement. Furthermore, to contribute significantly to future researchers, further research employed the structural equation model through covariance analysis, also known as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SDGs emphasize quality education. Lego and Minecraft can stimulate students’ 21st-century skills. This research aims to identify trends and contributions of Lego and Minecraft in education. The study utilized bibliometric analysis to evaluate publications. Data was collected from Scopus and analyzed using VosViewer software. Over the past decade, research on Lego and Minecraft in education has been more stable, with a peak in 2017 due to its popularity. Minecraft research increased from 2013 to 2019 but declined in 2020. Lego and Minecraft education research was published in conference papers with Springer as publisher. The United States and Germany are the most productive countries with top ten sources, with 90% focusing on computer science. The top eleven subjects significantly impact education by developing systems, online courses, and digital media. Lego and Minecraft research uses quan-qual-mix studies to explore their application in education. They strongly relate to STEM education, digital learning, 21st-century skills, and game-based learning. Combining Lego and Minecraft with technologies can increase computational thinking, creativecritical thinking, collaboration, and engineering skills. Future studies must employ one or more keywords, and work with Google Scholar and Web of Science data for in-depth analysis.

Channa striata is known to have high albumin content which has beneficial effects for human health. This study aimed to optimize the encapsulation of albumin extracted from C. striata and study the effect of independent factors on the encapsulation efficiency (EE) using response surface methodology (RSM). Ionic gelation encapsulation was performed employing chitosan--sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP). RSM of Box-Behnken design (BBD) involving three factors, i.e. extract concentration (0.25-1.0 mg/mL), NaTPP concentration (5-15 mg/5 mL), and chitosan concentrations (0.5-1.0 mg/mL) were applied to obtain high EE. The obtained model was quadratic with R2 of 0.9922 and the difference between adjusted R² and predicted R2 was less than 0.2. The model was significant (P<0.0001) with a non-significant lack of fit (P>0.05), indicating good fitness of the model. All factors had significant interaction except chitosan- NaTPP. The optimum condition was obtained at 0.25 mg/mL extract, 12.7 mg/5 mL NaTPP, and 0.5 mg/mL chitosan with a maximum EE of 85.50%. Analysis using FTIR exhibited several different functional groups between albumin extract, encapsulated albumin, and blank sample. In addition, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis demonstrated a solid, rougher, and more compact surface of encapsulated albumin compared to a blank sample, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging demonstrated a nano-encapsulated albumin extract. Therefore, the RSM Box-Behnken design could be used to optimize the encapsulation of C. striata albumin extract that can be used in food and pharmaceutical product applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethylene glycol is one of the causes of acute kidney failure due to the metabolic byproducts produced on its metabolism by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the liver. Therefore, this study is aimed at identifying potential compounds from Combretum indicum var B seeds that can inhibit ADH enzyme. The seeds of Combretum indicum var B were extracted by maceration in ethanol, the constituents of the extract was analysed by LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitory activity of the identified compounds was investigated in silico via molecular docking and dynamics study. Their potential for oral use was also investigated using the SwissADME and admetSAR software. The results of the LC-MS analysis identified seventeen (17) compounds in the seeds of Combretum indicum. The molecular docking and dynamics results showed that six (6) of the compounds, namely; 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene, 2,3-Dihydroxy-3',4,4',5-tetramethoxybibenzyl, 2-Hydroxy-3,4,6,7-tetramethoxy-9,10-dihydro phenanthrene, 3-Hydroxy-2,4,6,7-tetramethoxy-9,10 dihydrophenanthrene, Erythrophyllic acid, and 3'-Hydroxy-3,4,4'5-tetramethoxystilbene has high binding energy. These compounds exhibited better binding energy than the standard ligand (fomepizole) - a known inhibitor of ADH. Therefore, these compounds could serve as potential inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase with better activity than the standard ligand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine system and metabolic disorder caused by defects in insulin secretion and action. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) are often used in anti-diabetic medicine due to their high polyphenol contents. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the role of phytochemical compounds in S cumini as traditional antidiabetic medicinal plants. The review covers related articles on antidiabetic AND S cumini AND phytochemicals OR bioactive compounds. The examined articles were published from 2001 to January 2023. Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar were utilized as the bibliographic databases in this systematic search. The inclusion criteria include articles written in English that describe experimental research, clinical trials, and randomized studies and articles containing phytochemical content profiling. The exclusion criteria were other types of reports such as literature reviews, conference articles, theses, dissertations, and cases that were irrelevant to the topic. The reporting item guidelines used for references in this review were the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the Center for Systematic Reviews for Laboratory Animal Experiments (SYRCLE) risk of bias (RoB) tool. By the systematic compensation used, 15 articles that meet the requirements were obtained and were further reviewed thoroughly. Seeds, leaves, and bark of plant parts were reported to be non-toxic in acute experiments on mice or rats. S. cumini contains flavonol glycosides, especially myricetin, myricitrin, quercetin, and kaempferol; phenolics, such as ellagic acid, tannins, and gallic acid; alkaloids; and saponins. These compounds contributions to the overall anti-diabetic activity were discussed by covering an increase of insulin sensitivity, secretion, and usage of glucose in tissues; thereby reducing insulin resistance, oxidative stress, gluconeogenesis, and absorption of carbohydrates and sucrose. In conclusion, the review confirmed that the compounds of S. cumini have a potential for treating diabetes mellitus. Specifically, the seeds and leaves of S. cumini have a high potential as antidiabetic herbal product, and thus making it crucial to find the research gap to support the development of this herbal compound by establishing preclinical and clinical trials and reliable analytical methods for phytochemical profiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of research is to ascertain the existing situation of STEAM education research over three decades based on the Scopus database. The entire documents are 256 findings globally data shorted by year, region, and highest cited to 100 documents. The analysis technique used VOSViewer, Microsoft Excel and word cloud generator. The result of document type articel is ranks first in Global and conference paper rank first in South East Asia. The sources that have published the top cited papers are "Journal of Small Business Management" in global and the "Education Sciences" in South East Asia. Meanwhile, the author with the most citations is Jeon M from the U.S.A. Specifically, the country with the most publications is US with 31 articles and 2553 citations. Whereas the majority of Southeast Asian countries have 9 articles and 10 citations. Supported the visualization analysis, VOSViewer's global region is divided into 4 clusters and 62 keywords to assist with the visualization analysis. A pair of clusters containing 14 keywords each for the South Asia region. The terms program, project, environment, model, and implication are frequently used in STEAM throughout the world. The keyword STEAM education appears in analyses conducted in South-East Asia. The outcome of this research can serve as a resource for scholars interested in STEAM and education. Further research into STEAM education trends can be conducted by focusing on a single region or on more specific issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local Domestic Wastewater Management System (SPALD-S) is widely used in Indonesia, septic tank is one of the components of SPALD-S that treats fecal sludge on-site. Furthermore, fecal sludge from septic tanks needs to be treated in the Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant (IPLT). IPLT Sidokumpul is the only IPLT in Lamongan Regency. It is known that the sludge influent has not fulfilled the planning design capacity of 20 m3 / day. The results of laboratory analysis on the quality of wastewater from IPLT, show that some parameters have not met the quality standards based on the PERMENLHK Number 68 of 2016. This study aims to assess the performance of IPLT Sidokumpul so that the effluent meets quality standards and review the strategy so that the volume of fecal sludge influent meets the planned design capacity. This study was held to evaluate the technical aspects including the production of fecal sludge in the service area, characterization of fecal sludge, service analysis, and the performance of the IPLT Sidokumpul unit processes. To evaluate, the authors use a questionnaire, primary data, and secondary data. The temporary results of evaluating the technical aspects of sludge production are still 0.31 liters/person/day, which is still below the planning design, which is 0.5 liters/person/day. The fecal sludge characteristic is still in the typical fecal sludge range. The service performance is planned to be 60% of the service area but based on existing conditions it is only 5%. Furthermore, it is found that the efficiency of the facultative pond needs to be optimized since it is the one with the lowest removal efficiency and the range of each pollutant removal is below the typical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identified the main agents, problems, solutions, and strategies for lowering industrial carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the cement industry in East Java, Indonesia, by applying an analytical network process. Respondents included government officials, industrial representatives, and environmental experts. This study revealed that (1) regulators are the critical agents controlling emissions; (2) the three major problems faced when aiming to reduce industrial emissions are limited environmental knowledge, inadequate infrastructure, and unsound regulations; (3) the main solutions are education, socialization, and infrastructure improvement; and (4) the institutional approach is preferable to command-and-control and economic incentives. This suggests that policymakers should collaborate closely with regulators, firms, and communities to more effectively control emissions and encourage environmentally friendly industrial practices. Economic incentives are not preferable strategies, most likely because of insufficient environmental knowledge, market distortion due to subsidies, and low viability. However, the institutional approach incurs higher costs due to political, administrative, and legal processes. Parties may agree on achieving socioeconomic demands but not environmental output. The institutional approach also requires extra investment in education and socialization as well as government support for infrastructure development and a better regulatory framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of communication and social interaction creates a tendency for a speaker to take advantage of the potential of language variations. One of the language variations is in the form of code switching and code mixing to maintain togetherness in the community. Code switching and code mixing are changes in the use of certain languages or varieties of language to other languages. This study aims to describe certain forms of code switching and code mixing that are found in buying and selling activities in the market as well as the determining factors that influence the occurrence of code switching and code mixing. The design of this research is descriptive qualitative, which is located in the Songgolangit market, Ponorogo Regency. The data in this study are in the form of the use of language by sellers and buyers in the Songgolangit market during buying and selling transactions. For this reason, the form of the data is in the form of oral data. Oral data obtained from observations on buying and selling activities. The in-depth interviews with informants were carried out after the transaction took place. Data collection was carried out using the listening and speaking technique, recording techniques, note-taking techniques, and in-depth interviews. The conclusion is that the form of code switching that appears in buying and selling transaction activities is a form of language conversion from Javanese into Indonesian. Meanwhile, the form of code mixing that appears is in the form of code mixing from Javanese and Indonesian. The use of Javanese appears to be dominant in code switching and code mixing. The determinants that stand out influencing code-mixing and codeswitching are the habits of speakers, speech partners, the presence of third speakers, certain topics and situations of conversation and the ability to use language based on the level of education of both sellers and buyers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic field is a more complex and abstract physics subject than other physics subjects, causing students’ low ability to solve problems. So there is a need for learning instruments to overcome these problems, especially when online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research creates and implements an online problem-based learning (OPBL) assisted by digital books with 3D animation to improve students’ physics problem-solving skills on magnetic field subjects. Research aimed to analyze the validity, effectiveness, and student responses to the learning instruments used. The method used in this research is quantitative by using quasi-experiment and survey methods. The results showed that this learning instrument was valid and reliable to use in terms of contents and constructs. According to statistical test results, this learning instrument is also effective in improving students’ problem-solving skills on magnetic field subjects. Furthermore, the student’s response to this learning instrument was very positive, making this learning activity more innovative and fun. Research implies that an OPBL assisted by digital books with 3D animation instruments can be a solution to improve students’ physics problem-solving skills, especially during the online learning period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of technology like mobile devices, computers, and other smart devices is developing rapidly, especially AR and VR technologies. This study describes a comparison among 100 cited papers in AR and VR studies. Research data covering the top one hundred cited publications for the last thirty years were obtained from the Scopus database. The article is most publication document type. Most of these top-cited papers were published in 2005 for VR and 2013 for AR. The journal Computer and Education is the primary source of the Elsevier, which governs the publication of the most influential AR-VR studies. Most research articles have multiple authors. Slater and Feiner are recognized as the most productive author. The United States dominates the production of highly cited AR-VR papers. Future research should focus on other disciplines, use one or more keywords, and collaborate with Google Scholar, the Web of Science data, for in-depth analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marination is one of the methods that are often used in beef processing in an attempt to obtain high quality of beef. Cashew apple extract marinade (CAM) improves the microbiological characteristics of meat by inhibiting the growth of meat bacteria. The effect of CAM on other aspects such as physical (microbiological, tenderness, cooking loss, water holding capacity and pH) and chemical (moisture, fat and protein content) characteristics of meat have not been evaluated, which would be beneficial for the utilisation of agroindustry waste in the meat industry. In this study, the effect of CAM on the physical and chemical characteristics of beef, including microbiological characteristics, tenderness, cooking loss and water holding capacity, was evaluated. CAM (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) was used during beef processing for 4 h at refrigeration temperature. Significant effects of CAM were observed on the physical and chemical characteristics of beef. CAM increased beef tenderness and reduced total bacteria, cooking loss, moisture, fat, and protein content. The optimum concentration of CAM for which significant changes were observed in the physical and chemical characteristics of beef was 20%. Thus, cashew apple can be utilised as a promising marinade agent in beef processing with the criteria of food for specific health use. This approach will help reduce cashew apple waste and is an eco-friendly approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expensive milk such as horse's milk (HM) may be the target of adulteration by other milk such as goat's milk (GM) and cow's milk (CM). FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and multivariate calibrations of partial least square regression (PLSR) and principal component regression (PCR) was used for authentication of HM from GM and CM. Milk was directly subjected to attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectral measurement at midinfrared regions (4000-650 cm-1). Results showed that LDA could make clear discrimination between HM and HM adulterated with CM and GM without any misclassification observed. PLSR using 2nd derivative spectra at 3200-2800 and 1300-1000 cm-1 provided the best model for the relationship between actual values of GM and FTIR predicted values than PCR. At this condition, R 2 values for calibration and validation models obtained were 0.9995 and 0.9612 with RMSEC and RMSEP values of 0.0093 and 0.0794. PLSR using normal FTIR spectra at 3800-3000 and 1500-1000 cm-1 offered R 2 for the relationship between actual values of CM and FTIR predicted values of >0.99 in calibration and validation models with low errors of RMSEC of 0.0164 and RMSEP of 0.0336 during authentication of HM from CM. Therefore, FTIR spectroscopy in combination with LDA and PLSR is an effective method for authentication of HM from GM and CM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquake research has expanded over the past few decades. Also, over the past 30 years, earthquakes have become a major study because earthquakes occur every year in each region. The aims of this research is to analyze the top 100 cited articles in the earthquake field from 1991 to 2021. Research give an idea of citation, author, year, journal and country characteristics of these articles using literature review, bibliometric analysis and VOSViewer which the data from Scopus database. The research found that articles is most document type of top 100 cited papers which 2005 was the most published year for the article. The average number of citations per article was calculated as 727 citations per paper. The journal Nature is the primary source of the Nature Publishing Group, which governs the publication of the most influential earthquake studies. Kanamori is recognized as the most productive author who received the highest number of quotes and the most incredible link strength. The United States dominates the production of highly cited articles. The research areas in these papers are mainly emphasized on earthquake, states, geological, sciences, earth, and japan. Further research related to earthquakes can also be directed to the relevance of the tsunami. The results of the Scopus database show 2,098 document results [January 17, 2022] with the title “earthquake tsunami.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]