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To evaluate the correlation of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) data in surgery for tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in children to the neurological outcome at 1-year follow-up. 208 consecutive patients operated on for TCS, between January 2011 to February 2020, under electrophysiological monitoring in the Division of Paediatric Neurosurgery, AIMS, Kochi, India, were included. Their preoperative neurological, urological and orthopaedic status were compared with the postoperative status at 1 year follow-up. Our study prospectively collected the IONM data and retrospectively correlated it to the children's neurological outcome on follow-up. Out of 208 children, 28% (n = 59/208) had motor, 35% (n = 73/208) had bladder and 26% (n = 54/208) had bowel disturbances. Postsurgery, at one-year follow-up, 91% (n = 52/57) of the patients who had motor deficits had improvement, 82.3% (n = 51/62) of patients who had bladder deficits showed an improvement, and 88.8% (n = 48/54) with bowel deficits showed improvement. The monitorability for motor and sphincter potentials were 99.4% and 89.3%, respectively. Except for four patients (3 with bladder and 1 with motor worsening), all the patients who were monitorable with no deficits remained intact except for four patients, all the patients who had deficits and were monitorable improved after detethering (at 1 year). Clinical worsening corresponded to those who had a drop in amplitude of baseline TcMEP (n = 4). 18 events showed an increase in amplitude compared to the baseline TcMEP. These patients improved clinically on follow-up (at 1 year). IONM complements the preoperative clinical details in predicting immediate and long-term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Coronary revascularization procedures often cause lowered exercise capacity and declining physical activity levels. These outcomes are paramount in predicting morbidity and mortality after these procedures. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) focuses on incrementing cardiovascular endurance, exercise capacity, muscle strength, levels of physical activity, and quality of life through health education and lifestyle modification in post-coronary revascularization patients. Objective. To review the impact of cardiac rehabilitation on functional capacity, levels of physical activity, and health related quality of life in patients following coronary revascularization. Methods. A structured literature search in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and ProQuest for studies focused on CR and its effects on functional capacity, physical activity, and quality of life after coronary revascularization. Results. A total of 2,010 studies were retrieved. Deduplication and eligibility screening included 190 studies after the application of filters. A sum of 21 studies were considered for this review. Most studies reported that exercise and physical activity programs were centre-based and home-based and via telerehabilitation. Treadmill and cycle ergometry training with callisthenics and flexibility exercises in phase 2 CR exhibited significant improvement in functional capacity and physical activity levels in patients after coronary revascularization procedures. Conclusion. Although centre-based supervised CR programs do improve functional capacity after coronary revascularization, home-based or telerehabilitation-based CR programs are feasible, improve patient compliance in improving physical activity, and thereby increase functional capacity. Patient education improves levels of physical activity, health related quality of life, and adherence to home- and centre-based CR programs.

Background: Malaria poses a burden in the healthcare system worldwide. India is marching toward a vision of malaria-free country by 2027 and elimination by 2023. The National Strategic Plan for Malaria Elimination (2017--2022) was formulated based on this. Pregnant population is highly susceptible to the infection because of the changes in their immune system. These high-risk groups are of much concern because it contributes to the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Intrauterine growth restrictions, miscarriages, preterm births, low birth weight, congenital infections, and perinatal deaths have been reported in pregnancies infected with malaria. The ongoing pandemic situation of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has created a challenge in identifying the spectrum of diseases with similar presentation like malaria especially in endemic areas. Case description: We present a series of 10 cases affected with malaria during pregnancy at a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. The study was conducted for a period of 10 months from September 2020 to July 2021 during the COVID pandemic. Out of these 10 patients, 3 patients were infected with COVID-19. Discussion: Clinical manifestations, management, and the maternal and fetal outcome of malaria-infected patients and difficulty in identifying and managing the cases in ongoing COVID-19 pandemic situation. Conclusion: The purpose of this study is to throw knowledge about identifying the infection during pandemic and the need for effective management as malaria is a preventable and curable infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in biodiesel production has resulted in the oversupply of glycerol into the market. Purified and processed glycerol has found many direct applications in pharmaceuticals, food, etc. However, the cost of processing and market value of processed glycerol has driven the research of direct utilization of crude glycerol to industrially essential chemicals. Various methods and research have been devoted to using glycerol to produce value-added products separately. Glycerol can undergo several transformation reactions like hydrogenation, oxidation, alcoholysis, and etherification. Etherification of glycerol can be divided into three main reactions: self-etherification, using alcohol, and olefins and these products have vast applications such as fuel additives, plasticizer, etc. The current review presents a comprehensive summary of glycerol etherification to value-added products and their applications. The catalytic system developed along with reaction conditions and the factors responsible for the better activity is also discussed. Overall, the review presents a detailed discussion on the catalytic system developed, the utilization of different alcohols and olefins, and the application of products. Moreover, the environmental and economic aspects of the etherification of glycerol via various conversion routes while assessing the process parameters needs to be tackled to attain wider adoption of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The range of pipe roughness values in both cases (triangular and trapezoidal) at the 0 HT ht level is the same, i.e., 110 to 130. For example, the minimum and maximum values obtained by the authors for HT ht are 8.88 and HT ht , while Sivakumar et al. ([5]) reported 5.81 and HT ht . Because the range of pipe roughness values at the 0 HT ht level in both triangular and trapezoidal cases is the same, MFs of pipe discharges and nodal heads at the 0 HT ht level should be identical. However, for other HT ht levels, these are different. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: To evaluate the perinatal outcome with the abnormal umbilical cord coiling index. Study Design: This prospective study was carried out in the department of OBG at Adichunchangiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G.Nagara, Mandya, Karnataka, India from January 2008 to August 2010. 200 patients who were in active labour with term gestations, irrespective of their parities, who had singleton pregnancies with live babies who were either delivered by vaginal or LSCS were included in the study. Umbilical cord coiling index was calculated and it was correlated with various perinatal parameters like birth weight, meconium stained liquor, Apgar score, ponderal index and foetal growth restriction. Chi square and Fisher exact tests were used to find the significance of study parameters. Results: There was a significant correlation between the hypercoiled cords (UCI >90th percentile) and IUGR of the babies (p value of < 0.001) and low ponderal indices (a p value of 0.022) Hypocoiled cords ( UCI which was < 10th percentile) were significantly associated with meconium staining (p < 0.001), Apgar score at 1 min of 90th percentile was associated with IUGR and low ponderal indices. Hypocoiled cords or UCI which was

This paper explores global time frequency approaches to EEG data analysis with the Wigner Distribution Function and the Symmetric Ambiguity Function. The task chosen was to characterize the activity profile of EEG signals in sample Frontal, Central and Occipital electrodes from human subjects, coincident with the perception of a reversal in the orientation of a bistable Necker cube figure. The result of this analysis has implications for blind signal processing as the goal was to identify an unknown input source eliciting the observed EEG signals. The methods demonstrate an internally initiated EEG signal source not tied to a regularly anticipated external source. The results demonstrate the general applicability of the methods for a wide variety of neural and biological signals and systems. The findings can be summarized as the observation of high energy activity patterns in terms of significant dissimilarities in the waveform, both in time and frequency, in the Frontal and Occipital electrodes, approximately 200-600 ms prior to the appearance of the premotor potentials in the medial electrodes. Index Terms--Ambiguity function diagrams, bistable images, EEG, time frequency analysis, Wigner distribution function.

A similar analysis is not applicable for Case Study 2 because the settings of the HT ht values are 0 for both PSVs and emitters. Hence, the discussers used PSV settings of zero instead of the HT ht values given in Table 2 of the original paper. The probable reason behind the authors' incorrect results for HT ht and 1.5 is that the default value of 0.5 might have been used for the global emitter exponent. [Extracted from the article]

Benzylic trichloroacetimidates are readily displaced by trimethylaluminum under Lewis acid promoted conditions to provide the corresponding methyl substitution product. This method is a convenient way to access 1,1'-diarylethanes and related systems, which play a significant role in medicinal chemistry, with a number of systems owing their biological activity to this functionality. Most benzylic substrates undergo ready displacement, with electron deficient systems being the exception. The use of an enantiopure imidate showed significant racemization, implicating the formation of a cationic intermediate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Aim of the Study: This study aims to determine the effect of individualized home-based exercise on the quality of life post-Intensive Care Unit (ICU) discharge. Subjects: Adult patients invasively mechanically ventilated for more than 48 h in medical ICU. Methodology: Thirty-five patients were enrolled prospectively in this study. They were interviewed to complete short form 36 (SF-36) version 2 questionnaire and were randomly allocated to control and experimental group by block randomization. The experimental group received individualized exercise information sheet and control group was asked to continue routine exercises done during their hospital stay. The experimental group also received a log book and weekly telephonic reminders. Patients were interviewed to complete the SF-36 through the telephone 4 weeks after hospital discharge. Results: Physical and mental components of the quality of life as measured by the SF-36 at the end of 4 weeks after hospital discharge showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the experimental group. Conclusion: A well-structured individualized exercise program improves the quality of life of critically ill patients after discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mulberry is a very useful tree in so many aspects and it is often referred to as Kalpavruksha, meaning wish-fulfilling divine tree in Hindu mythology. The leaves of mulberry lay the foundation for sericulture/silk industry. The mulberry leaves, fruits, bark and roots have rich health benefits. While the fruits are used for making wine and jam, the bark is used for making animal fodder, poultry feed, etc. They are also useful for making natural dyes for textiles. Apart from using the wood as fuel it is also used for making small carvings and toys. The present paper presents some of the features of mulberry wood and its product diversification possibilities with a value addition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of the deliveries in breech presentation at labor and to compare the results by the route of delivery. Method: Prospective study of randomised cases of 100 singleton pregnancies with breech presentation attending the teaching hospitals attached to JJM Medical College, Davangere. All primi and multigravida with singleton breech presentation with more than 28 weeks of gestation with the estimated fetal weight of more than 1.5kg and less than 3.5kg were considered. Mode of delivery and perinatal outcome were studies. Result: Out of 100 cases, 46 delivered vaginally and 56 were delivered by cesarian section. The perinatal outcome was good in LSCS than vaginal delivery. Perinatal mortality was seen only in assisted breech delivery with an incidence of 4.5%. Perinatal loss was observed more in the birth weight of 2.5 to 3.5kg with an incidence of 6%. Conclusion: In our study it was clearly observed that there was zero perinatal mortality considering both elective and emergency cesarean section when compared to vaginal breech delivery, more specifically risk is lowest with prelabor cesarean or during early labor. It was also noted that vaginal breech delivery in multiparous women had good perinatal outcome than in primiparous women. But there are suggestions that with active involvement of experienced obstetricians and applying appropriate management protocol vaginal breech delivery can achieve comparable safety for the infant with a cesarean section. There is still a place for vaginal breech delivery in selected cases of breech presentation more so in multiparous women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raw silk production in India is about 24,000 MT. A host of silk waste is generated during the conversion of cocoons into raw silk. The silk waste, a by-product of the reeling industry, is normally used for making floss silk, spun silk and noil silk. Besides, a huge quantity of silk waste is exported as such at a lower price. The export of any material, without value-addition is not in the best interest of the industry. The process of value addition generates employment and also brings in more foreign exchange. This paper explores the possibility of employing silk waste to produce organic nonwovens. Silk nonwovens were developed using organic binders by eco-friendly means and evaluated. They were found to be aesthetic and also possessed functional properties. Based on their properties some possible commercial applications have been suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Vapor phase nitration of toluene by using CuFe0.8Al1.2O4 as a catalyst was studied by varying strength of nitric acid (10–69%) as a nitrating agent. Water vapor generated during the reaction acts as a diluent for the exothermic process. Varying the reaction temperature in the range of 100–200°C revealed that below 125°C lower conversion of toluene to mono-nitro toluene was obtained while above 125°C dinitro and oxidation byproducts were obtained. The maximum conversion of toluene to mono nitro toluene was 58% with 77% selectivity towards para nitro toluene. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the vertical marginal discrepancy of provisional restorations fabricated using light polymerized composite resin by direct technique and provisional restorations fabricated using auto polymerized resin by direct and indirect technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 45 provisional restorations were fabricated, 15- fabricated by using autopolymerized resin by direct technique on the metal dies and15- fabricated by indirect technique on stone dies. 15 - fabricated using light cured composite resin by direct technique on metal dies. Marginal discrepancies were calculated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The restorations were then cemented using non-eugenol temporary cement and subjected to SEM analysis. RESULTS: Vertical marginal discrepancy of the provisional restorations fabricated using light cured composite resin by direct technique was least when compared to the vertical marginal discrepancy of the provisional restorations fabricated using autopolymerized resin by direct and indirect technique. Among the restorations fabricated using autopolymerized resin, marginal discrepancy observed with the indirect technique was less compared to the marginal discrepancy observed with direct technique. CONCLUSION: The vertical marginal discrepancy of the provisional restorations fabricated using light cured composite resins by direct technique was least and had a better marginal fit compared to the provisional restorations fabricated using autopolymerized resin by direct and indirect technique. The light cured resin could be a better material used to fabricate provisional restoration with an improved marginal adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the perinatal outcome with the abnormal umbilical cord coiling index. Study Design: This prospective study was carried out in the department of OBG at Adichunchangiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G.Nagara, Mandya, Karnataka, India from January 2008 to August 2010. 200 patients who were in active labour with term gestations, irrespective of their parities, who had singleton pregnancies with live babies who were either delivered by vaginal or LSCS were included in the study. Umbilical cord coiling index was calculated and it was correlated with various perinatal parameters like birth weight, meconium stained liquor, Apgar score, ponderal index and foetal growth restriction. Chi square and Fisher exact tests were used to find the significance of study parameters. Results: There was a significant correlation between the hypercoiled cords (UCI >90th percentile) and IUGR of the babies (p value of < 0.001) and low ponderal indices (a p value of 0.022) Hypocoiled cords ( UCI which was < 10th percentile) were significantly associated with meconium staining (p < 0.001), Apgar score at 1 min of <4 and at 5 min of <7 (p value 0.065), LSCS rates (p value of 0.008) and NICU admissions (p <0.001). Conclusion: Hypercoiled cords or UCI which was > 90th percentile was associated with IUGR and low ponderal indices. Hypocoiled cords or UCI which was <10th percentile was associated with meconium staining, Apgar score at 1 min of <4 and at 5 min of <7, more LSCS rates and more NICU admissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Back ground: There are many diagnostic modalities are developed or under development to improve the diagnostic ability and to prognosticate in patients with cervical carcinoma. Cell-free circulating tumor DNA (CFTDNA) is one among them. In this study we are aiming to know the diagnostic ability at diagnosis and at early recurrence of Cell-free circulating tumor DNA (CFTDNA). Also to know its utilization in prognostication and to guide for genomically matched therapy. Methods and Material: A total of 25 patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of cervical cancer (Stage IB-IIIB) were tested prospectively with 50 gene tumor panel in a NABL accredited laboratory. 4 ml serum was collected, CFTDNA was isolated and they were checked for single nucleotide variants (SNVs) genes/ copy number variants (CNVs) by using NGS and tumor ffpe blocks were again rechecked by NGS or PCR for the same genetic alterations. Results: Average patient age was 51.57yrs(range 30-83yrs) and all patients were squamous cell carcinoma. In 21/25(84%) patients, CFTDNA was detected and sufficient to carry under NGS. Out of 50 genes, around 32 genetic alteration were detected. Mean genetic alteration was 4.08(2-14). In 3/25 (12%) patients are more than 8 genomic alteration detected, 5/25(20%) patients had 5-8 genetic alteration, remaining 13/25(52%) patients had less than 4 genetic alteration. Most common SNVs detected included were, TP53 -11/21 (52.3%) patients, CDKN2A- 10/21(47.6%)patients, PTEN and STK11 -7/21 (33.3%)patients, BRAF and VHL -6/21 (28.5%)patients, EGFR and SMAD4 -4/21(19%), CTNNB1, GNAS, KIT, APC, PIK3CA- 3/21 (14.28%)patients, SMARCB1, SMO, RET, FBXW7, ERBB2, CSF1R, CDH1, AKT1, ATM, EBB4, FGFR3, FLT3, HRAS, JAK3, MET, NOTCH1, NPM1, KRAS, PTPN11- 1 or 2/21(4.7 to 9.5%) patients. On combination of these genetic alterations - EGFR, KIT, PTEN, PIK3CA, TP 53, VHL are the main alterations and combination of these gene (Diagnostic GENETIC MODULE), at least one genetic alteration among combination was found in 100% patients at any point of time. Further follow up data regarding correlation of these genetic alteration with prognosis will follows. Conclusions: CfTDNA can be easily demonstrable and can be used as non- invasive diagnostic tool in cervical carcinoma. Further, to create proper genetic module as diagnostic and prognostic marker- continuation of the study in large scale with different race, ethnicity and country required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes characteristics of silk fabrics in India and offers pre-treatment and due care tips during washing. It asserts that India's silk fabrics have poor fastness properties and high strength and durability. It mentions Mulberry silks and vanya silks whose basic nature is different from each other. It claims that one should consider the fabric's age and quality, weave structure and type of finishing treatment before washing it.