117 results on '"Nogué, Sandra"'
Search Results
2. 14,000 years of climatic and anthropogenic change in the Afromontane forest of São Tomé Island, Gulf of Guinea
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Castilla-Beltrán, Alvaro, Faustino de Lima, Ricardo, Benitez Bosco, Laura, Castillo Armas, Rosa Delia, Strandberg, Nichola, Stévart, Tariq, de Nascimento, Lea, Fernández-Palacios, José María, and Nogué, Sandra
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- 2023
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3. Anthropogenic transitions from forested to human-dominated landscapes in southern Macaronesia
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Castilla-Beltrán, Alvaro, de Nascimento, Lea, Fernández-Palacios, José-María, Whittaker, Robert J., Willis, Kathy J., Edwards, Mary, and Nogué, Sandra
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- 2021
4. Functional vegetation change over millennia
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Reitalu, Triin and Nogué, Sandra
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- 2023
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5. Synergistic impacts of anthropogenic fires and aridity on plant diversity in the Western Ghats: Implications for management of ancient social-ecological systems
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Kulkarni, Charuta, Finsinger, Walter, Anand, Pallavi, Nogué, Sandra, and Bhagwat, Shonil A.
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- 2021
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6. A palynological perspective on the impacts of European contact: Historic deforestation, ranching and agriculture surrounding the Cuchumatanes Highlands, Guatemala
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Harvey, William J., Nogué, Sandra, Stansell, Nathan, Adolf, Carole, Long, Peter R., and Willis, Kathy
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- 2021
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7. Functional traits of fossil plants.
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McElwain, Jennifer C., Matthaeus, William J., Barbosa, Catarina, Chondrogiannis, Christos, O' Dea, Katie, Jackson, Bea, Knetge, Antonietta B., Kwasniewska, Kamila, Nair, Richard, White, Joseph D., Wilson, Jonathan P., Montañez, Isabel P., Buckley, Yvonne M., Belcher, Claire M., and Nogué, Sandra
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FOSSILS ,PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY ,FOSSIL plants ,NUTRIENT cycles ,TAPHONOMY ,PALEOBOTANY ,PLANT ecology ,LIFE history theory ,ECOSYSTEMS - Abstract
Summary: A minuscule fraction of the Earth's paleobiological diversity is preserved in the geological record as fossils. What plant remnants have withstood taphonomic filtering, fragmentation, and alteration in their journey to become part of the fossil record provide unique information on how plants functioned in paleo‐ecosystems through their traits. Plant traits are measurable morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical, or phenological characteristics that potentially affect their environment and fitness. Here, we review the rich literature of paleobotany, through the lens of contemporary trait‐based ecology, to evaluate which well‐established extant plant traits hold the greatest promise for application to fossils. In particular, we focus on fossil plant functional traits, those measurable properties of leaf, stem, reproductive, or whole plant fossils that offer insights into the functioning of the plant when alive. The limitations of a trait‐based approach in paleobotany are considerable. However, in our critical assessment of over 30 extant traits we present an initial, semi‐quantitative ranking of 26 paleo‐functional traits based on taphonomic and methodological criteria on the potential of those traits to impact Earth system processes, and for that impact to be quantifiable. We demonstrate how valuable inferences on paleo‐ecosystem processes (pollination biology, herbivory), past nutrient cycles, paleobiogeography, paleo‐demography (life history), and Earth system history can be derived through the application of paleo‐functional traits to fossil plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Human impact and ecological changes during prehistoric settlement on the Canary Islands
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de Nascimento, Lea, Nogué, Sandra, Naranjo-Cigala, Agustín, Criado, Constantino, McGlone, Matt, Fernández-Palacios, Enrique, and Fernández-Palacios, José María
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- 2020
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9. Global change in microcosms: Environmental and societal predictors of land cover change on the Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Norder, Sietze J., de Lima, Ricardo F., de Nascimento, Lea, Lim, Jun Y., Fernández-Palacios, José María, Romeiras, Maria M., Elias, Rui Bento, Cabezas, Francisco J., Catarino, Luís, Ceríaco, Luis M.P., Castilla-Beltrán, Alvaro, Gabriel, Rosalina, de Sequeira, Miguel Menezes, Rijsdijk, Kenneth F., Nogué, Sandra, Kissling, W. Daniel, van Loon, E. Emiel, Hall, Marcus, Matos, Margarida, and Borges, Paulo A.V.
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- 2020
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10. Late Holocene environmental change and the anthropization of the highlands of Santo Antão Island, Cabo Verde
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Castilla-Beltrán, Alvaro, de Nascimento, Lea, Fernández-Palacios, José María, Fonville, Thierry, Whittaker, Robert J., Edwards, Mary, and Nogué, Sandra
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- 2019
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11. Exploring the Ecological History of a Tropical Agroforestry Landscape Using Fossil Pollen and Charcoal Analysis from Four Sites in Western Ghats, India
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Nogué, Sandra, Tovar, Carolina, Bhagwat, Shonil A., Finsinger, Walter, and Willis, Kathy J.
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- 2018
12. Topography-driven isolation, speciation and a global increase of endemism with elevation
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Steinbauer, Manuel J., Field, Richard, Grytnes, John-Arvid, Trigas, Panayiotis, Ah-Peng, Claudine, Attorre, Fabio, Birks, H. John B., Borges, Paulo A. V., Cardoso, Pedro, Chou, Chang-Hung, De Sanctis, Michele, de Sequeira, Miguel M., Duarte, Maria C., Elias, Rui B., Fernández-Palacios, José María, Gabriel, Rosalina, Gereau, Roy E., Gillespie, Rosemary G., Greimler, Josef, Harter, David E. V., Huang, Tsurng-Juhn, Irl, Severin D. H., Jeanmonod, Daniel, Jentsch, Anke, Jump, Alistair S., Kueffer, Christoph, Nogué, Sandra, Otto, Rüdiger, Price, Jonathan, Romeiras, Maria M., Strasberg, Dominique, Stuessy, Tod, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Vetaas, Ole R., and Beierkuhnlein, Carl
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- 2016
13. Phytolith analysis reveals the intensity of past land use change in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot
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Nogué, Sandra, Whicher, Katie, Baker, Ambroise G., Bhagwat, Shonil A., and Willis, Kathy J.
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- 2017
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14. Pollination service delivery for European crops: Challenges and opportunities
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Nogué, Sandra, Long, Peter R., Eycott, Amy E., de Nascimento, Lea, Fernández-Palacios, José María, Petrokofsky, Gillian, Vandvik, Vigdis, and Willis, Kathy J.
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- 2016
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15. Influences of sea level changes and volcanic eruptions on Holocene vegetation in Tonga.
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Strandberg, Nichola A., Edwards, Mary, Ellison, Joanna C., Steinbauer, Manuel J., Walentowitz, Anna, Fall, Patricia L., Sear, David, Langdon, Peter, Cronin, Shane, Castilla‐Beltrán, Alvaro, Croudace, Ian W., Prebble, Matiu, Gosling, William D., and Nogué, Sandra
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RELATIVE sea level change ,SEA level ,VOLCANIC eruptions ,EXPLOSIVE volcanic eruptions ,HOLOCENE Epoch ,VEGETATION dynamics - Abstract
Here, we investigate Mid‐ to Late‐Holocene vegetation changes in low‐lying coastal areas in Tonga and how changing sea levels and recurrent volcanic eruptions have influenced vegetation dynamics on four islands of the Tongan archipelago (South Pacific). To investigate past vegetation and environmental change at Ngofe Marsh ('Uta Vava'u), we examined palynomorphs (pollen and spores), charcoal (fire), and sediment characteristics (volcanic activity) from a 6.7‐m‐long sediment core. Radiocarbon dating indicated the sediments were deposited over the last 7700 years. We integrated the Ngofe Marsh data with similar previously published data from Avai'o'vuna Swamp on Pangaimotu Island, Lotofoa Swamp on Foa Island, and Finemui Swamp on Ha'afeva Island. Plant taxa were categorized as littoral, mangrove, rainforest, successional/ disturbance, and wetland groups, and linear models were used to examine relationships between vegetation, relative sea level change, and volcanic eruptions (tephra). We found that relative sea level change has impacted vegetation on three of the four islands investigated. Volcanic eruptions were not identified as a driver of vegetation change. Rainforest decline does not appear to be driven by sea level changes or volcanic eruptions. From all sites analyzed, vegetation at Finemui Swamp was most sensitive to changes in relative sea level. While vegetation on low‐lying Pacific islands is sensitive to changing sea levels, island characteristics, such as area and elevation, are also likely to be important factors that mediate specific island responses to drivers of change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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16. The role of palaeoecological records in assessing ecosystem services
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Jeffers, Elizabeth S., Nogué, Sandra, and Willis, Katherine J.
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- 2015
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17. Modern pollen rain in Canary Island ecosystems and its implications for the interpretation of fossil records
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de Nascimento, Lea, Nogué, Sandra, Fernández-Lugo, Silvia, Méndez, Javier, Otto, Rüdiger, Whittaker, Robert J., Willis, Kathy J., and Fernández-Palacios, José María
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- 2015
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18. Looking forward through the past: identification of 50 priority research questions in palaeoecology
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Seddon, Alistair W. R., Mackay, Anson W., Baker, Ambroise G., Birks, H. John B., Breman, Elinor, Buck, Caitlin E., Ellis, Erle C., Froyd, Cynthia A., Gill, Jacquelyn L., Gillson, Lindsey, Johnson, Edward A., Jones, Vivienne J., Juggins, Stephen, Macias-Fauria, Marc, Mills, Keely, Morris, Jesse L., Nogués-Bravo, David, Punyasena, Surangi W., Roland, Thomas P., Tanentzap, Andrew J., Willis, Kathy J., Aberhan, Martin, van Asperen, Eline N., Austin, William E. N., Battarbee, Rick W., Bhagwat, Shonil, Belanger, Christina L., Bennett, Keith D., Birks, Hilary H., Ramsey, Christopher Bronk, Brooks, Stephen J., de Bruyn, Mark, Butler, Paul G., Chambers, Frank M., Clarke, Stewart J., Davies, Althea L., Dearing, John A., Ezard, Thomas H. G., Feurdean, Angelica, Flower, Roger J., Gell, Peter, Hausmann, Sonja, Hogan, Erika J., Hopkins, Melanie J., Jeffers, Elizabeth S., Korhola, Atte A., Marchant, Robert, Kiefer, Thorsten, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Larocque-Tobler, Isabelle, López-Merino, Lourdes, Liow, Lee H., McGowan, Suzanne, Miller, Joshua H., Montoya, Encarni, Morton, Oliver, Nogué, Sandra, Onoufriou, Chloe, Boush, Lisa P., Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco, Rose, Neil L., Sayer, Carl D., Shaw, Helen E., Payne, Richard, Simpson, Gavin, Sohar, Kadri, Whitehouse, Nicki J., Williams, John W., and Witkowski, Andrzej
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- 2014
19. Long‐term trajectories of non‐native vegetation on islands globally.
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Walentowitz, Anna, Lenzner, Bernd, Essl, Franz, Strandberg, Nichola, Castilla‐Beltrán, Alvaro, Fernández‐Palacios, José María, Björck, Svante, Connor, Simon, Haberle, Simon G., Ljung, Karl, Prebble, Matiu, Wilmshurst, Janet M., Froyd, Cynthia A., de Boer, Erik J., de Nascimento, Lea, Edwards, Mary E., Stevenson, Janelle, Beierkuhnlein, Carl, Steinbauer, Manuel J., and Nogué, Sandra
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FOSSIL pollen ,ISLANDS ,VEGETATION dynamics ,INTRODUCED species ,PLANT species - Abstract
Human‐mediated changes in island vegetation are, among others, largely caused by the introduction and establishment of non‐native species. However, data on past changes in non‐native plant species abundance that predate historical documentation and censuses are scarce. Islands are among the few places where we can track human arrival in natural systems allowing us to reveal changes in vegetation dynamics with the arrival of non‐native species. We matched fossil pollen data with botanical status information (native, non‐native), and quantified the timing, trajectories and magnitude of non‐native plant vegetational change on 29 islands over the past 5000 years. We recorded a proportional increase in pollen of non‐native plant taxa within the last 1000 years. Individual island trajectories are context‐dependent and linked to island settlement histories. Our data show that non‐native plant introductions have a longer and more dynamic history than is generally recognized, with critical implications for biodiversity baselines and invasion biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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20. Taming Fogo Island: Late-Holocene volcanism, natural fires and land use as recorded in a scoria-cone sediment sequence in Cabo Verde.
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Castilla-Beltrán, Alvaro, Monteath, Alistair, Jensen, Britta J.L., Nascimento, Lea de, María Fernández-Palacios, José, Strandberg, Nichola, Edwards, Mary, and Nogué, Sandra
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FOSSIL microorganisms ,LAND use ,PIGEON pea ,VOLCANISM ,OBSIDIAN ,SEDIMENTS - Abstract
Cabo Verde remained uninhabited until 1460 CE, when European sailors founded a settlement in Santiago, and soon after in Fogo island. The degree to which different island ecosystems in Cabo Verde have been transformed by humans remains uncertain because of a scarcity of historical information and archaeological evidence. Disentangling these processes from natural ones is complicated in islands with a history of volcanic impacts and other natural hazards. In this paper, we apply microfossil (pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs and phytoliths) and sedimentological analyses (granulometry, X-ray diffraction, loss on ignition and tephrostratigraphy) to a 2-m sediment sequence deposited in a scoria cone from 4100 cal year BP (calibrated years before 1950 CE) to the present. The organic-rich basal sediments indicate that between 4100 and 2600 cal year BP the pre-settlement landscape of Fogo was an open grassland, where fire was infrequent and/or small-scale. An increase in volcanic glass deposition after 2600 cal year BP, peaking ca. 1200 cal year BP, suggests that there was a progressive activation of Fogo's volcanic activity, contemporaneous with increased fire frequency and erosion pulses, but with little impact on local grassland vegetation. While dating uncertainty is high, the first evidence of intensive local land use by early settlers was in the form of cultivation of Zea mays, abundant spores of coprophilous fungi (i.e. Sporormiella), and peaks in charcoal concentrations between 800 and 400 cal year BP. This was followed by large increases in pollen from pigeon pea (Cajanus), a diverse array of exotic trees (Cupressus, Grevillea), and invasive shrubs (Lantana). The introduction of these taxa is part of recent human effort to 'tame' this steep, dry and hazardous island by reducing erosion and providing firewood. An important outcome of these efforts, however, is a loss of fragile native biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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21. Elevational gradients in the neotropical table mountains: patterns of endemism and implications for conservation
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Nogué, Sandra, Rull, Valentí, and Vegas-Vilarrúbia, Teresa
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- 2013
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22. The ancient forests of La Gomera, Canary Islands, and their sensitivity to environmental change
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Nogué, Sandra, de Nascimento, Lea, Fernández-Palacios, José María, Whittaker, Robert J., and Willis, Kathy J.
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- 2013
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23. Macaronesia as a Fruitful Arena for Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology
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Florencio, Margarita, Patiño, Jairo, Nogué, Sandra, Traveset, Anna, Borges, Paulo A. V., Schaefer, Hanno, Amorim, Isabel R., Arnedo, Miquel A., Ávila, Sérgio P., Cardoso, Pedro, de Nascimento, Lea, Fernández-Palacios, José María, Gabriel, Sofia I., Gil, Artur, Gonçalves, Vítor, Haroun, Ricardo, Illera, Juan Carlos, López-Darias, Marta, Martínez, Alejandro, Martins, Gustavo M., Neto, Ana I., Nogales, Manuel, Oromí, Pedro, Rando, J. Carlos, Raposeiro, Pedro M., Rigal, François, Romeiras, Maria M., Silva, Luís, Valido, Alfredo, Vanderpoorten, Alain, Vasconcelos, Raquel, Santos, Ana Margarida C., Zoology, Cabildo de Tenerife, and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brasil)
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biodiversity hotspot ,Speciation ,Biotic interactions ,Alien species ,alien species ,RED LIST CRITERIA ,MOUSE MUS-MUSCULUS ,biotic interactions ,INTRODUCED HONEY-BEES ,volcanic oceanic islands ,INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMIC REVISION ,long distance dispersal ,Biodiversity hotspots ,reverse colonisation ,1172 Environmental sciences ,Reverse colonisation ,extinction ,Extinction ,LAND-USE CHANGE ,Volcanic oceanic islands ,Long distance dispersal ,OCEANIC ISLANDS ,SEED DISPERSAL ,speciation ,1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology ,GENETIC DIVERSITY ,ECHIUM-WILDPRETII BORAGINACEAE ,SANTA-MARIA ISLAND - Abstract
Research in Macaronesia has led to substantial advances in ecology, evolution and conservation biology. We review the scientific developments achieved in this region, and outline promising research avenues enhancing conservation. Some of these discoveries indicate that the Macaronesian flora and fauna are composed of rather young lineages, not Tertiary relicts, predominantly of European origin. Macaronesia also seems to be an important source region for back-colonisation of continental fringe regions on both sides of the Atlantic. This group of archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary Islands, and Cabo Verde) has been crucial to learn about the particularities of macroecological patterns and interaction networks on islands, providing evidence for the development of the General Dynamic Model of oceanic island biogeography and subsequent updates. However, in addition to exceptionally high richness of endemic species, Macaronesia is also home to a growing number of threatened species, along with invasive alien plants and animals. Several innovative conservation and management actions are in place to protect its biodiversity from these and other drivers of global change. The Macaronesian Islands are a well-suited field of study for island ecology and evolution research, mostly due to its special geological layout with 40 islands grouped within five archipelagos differing in geological age, climate and isolation. A large amount of data is now available for several groups of organisms on and around many of these islands. However, continued efforts should be made toward compiling new information on their biodiversity, to pursue various fruitful research avenues and develop appropriate conservation management tools. The Island Biology Interest Group (IBIG, http://www.ibigbiology.com) is grateful to the organisers of the 2016 Island Biology Conference held in the Azores for promoting the symposium that led to this manuscript. We thank Joaquin Hortal for useful comments on an early version of the manuscript, and also Guido Jones for his language editing funded by the Cabildo de Tenerife, under the TFinnova Programme supported by MEDI and FDCAN funds. We are grateful to Salvador de la Cruz and Elena Morales for extracting updated information from the Biodiversity Data Bank of the Canary Islands. We also thank Ricardo Ramalho (Cardiff University) for fruitful discussions on the geological age of the Cabo Verde islands. This manuscript is a contribution by the INCT in Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation funded by MCTIC/CNPq/FAPEG (grant 465610/2014-5).
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- 2021
24. Multiple baselines for restoration ecology
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Nogué, Sandra, Nascimento, Lea de, Gosling, William D., Loughlin, Nicholas J.D., Montoya, Encarnación, Wilmshurst, J. M., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Open University, and Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI)
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Recent work within restoration ecology has highlighted the importance of incorporating ecological history. Using three complementary examples from New Zealand offshore islands, the tropical Andes, and the Canary Islands, we discuss how restoration goals may be addressed using multiple baselines, or reference conditions, from long-term data., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CGL 2009-10939), the Open University through a scholarship to N.J.D.L.
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- 2022
25. Conservation of the Unique Neotropical Vascular Flora of the Guayana Highlands in the Face of Global Warming
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Rull, Valentí, Vegas-Vilarrúbia, Teresa, Nogué, Sandra, and Huber, Otto
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- 2009
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26. Bureaucratic Obstruction of Conservation Science in the Guayana Highlands
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Rull, Valentí, Vegas, Teresa, Nogué, Sandra, and Montoya, Encarni
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- 2008
27. Forest–savanna– morichal dynamics in relation to fire and human occupation in the southern Gran Sabana (SE Venezuela) during the last millennia
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Montoya, Encarni, Rull, Valentí, Stansell, Nathan D., Abbott, Mark B., Nogué, Sandra, Bird, Broxton W., and Díaz, Wilmer A.
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- 2011
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28. Searching for function: reconstructing adaptive niche changes using geochemical and morphological data in planktonic foraminifera: planktonic foraminifera functional traits
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Kearns, Lorna E., Bohaty, Steven M., Edgar, K. M., Nogué, Sandra, and Ezard, Thomas H. G.
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fungi - Abstract
Dead species remain dead. The diversity record of life is littered with examples of declines and radiations, yet no species has ever re-evolved following its true extinction. In contrast, functional traits can transcend diversity declines, often develop iteratively and are taxon-free allowing application across taxa, environments and time. Planktonic foraminifera have an unrivaled, near continuous fossil record for the past 200 million years making them a perfect test organism to understand trait changes through time, but the functional role of morphology in determining habitat occupation has been questioned. Here, we use single specimen stable isotopes to reconstruct the water depth habitat of individual planktonic foraminifera in the genus Subbotina alongside morphological measurements of the tests to understand trait changes through the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum [MECO: ∼40 Myr ago (mega annum, Ma)]. The MECO is a geologically transient global warming interval that marks the beginning of widespread biotic reorganizations in marine organisms spanning a size spectrum from diatoms to whales. In contrast to other planktonic foraminiferal genera, the subbotinids flourished through this interval despite multiple climatic perturbations superimposed on a changing background climate. Through coupled trait and geochemical analysis, we show that Subbotina survival through this climatically dynamic interval was aided by trait plasticity and a wider ecological niche than previously thought for a subthermocline dwelling genus supporting a generalist life strategy. We also show how individually resolved oxygen isotopes can track shifts in depth occupancy through climatic upheaval. During and following the MECO, temperature changes were substantial in the thermocline and subthermocline in comparison to the muted responses of the surface ocean. In our post-MECO samples, we observe restoration of planktonic foraminifera depth stratification. Despite these changing temperatures and occupied depths, we do not detect a contemporaneous morphological response implying that readily available traits such as test size and shape do not have a clear functional role in this generalist genus. Modern imaging measurement technologies offer a promising route to gather more informative morphological traits for functional analysis, rather than the traditional candidates that are most easily measured.
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- 2021
29. The spatiotemporal distribution of pollen traits related to dispersal and desiccation tolerance in Canarian laurel forest.
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Nogué, Sandra, de Nascimento, Lea, Graham, Laura, Brown, Luke A., González, Luís Antonio Gómez, Castilla‐Beltrán, Alvaro, Peñuelas, Josep, Fernández‐Palacios, José María, and Willis, Kathy J.
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POLLEN , *FOSSIL pollen , *PLANT communities , *POLLINATION , *CLIMATE change , *HOLOCENE Epoch - Abstract
Questions: Pollen traits (e.g., size, wall thickness, number of apertures) have been suggested to be relevant in terms of pollination mechanisms and the ability of the male gametophyte to withstand desiccation. We examined the spatiotemporal distribution of pollen traits related to dispersal (ornamentation and dispersal unit) and desiccation tolerance (wall thickness, presence of furrows and pores and pollen size). Specifically, we address two questions: how are the pollen traits distributed in relation to different levels of aridity? And, how did the pollen trait composition change with changing past environmental conditions? Location: Laurel forests of La Gomera and Tenerife (Canary Islands). Methods: We used pollen rain from 19 forest plots on an elevational gradient of 1050 m and all laurel forest types (cold, dry, humid and ridge crest) to quantify pollen trait composition using community‐weighted means. In addition, we used fossil pollen to examine the composition of pollen traits over 9600 years in response to known intervals of regional past climate change. Results: Our results demonstrated increased prevalence of desiccation tolerance‐related pollen traits over drier areas of the laurel forest distribution. We also found increased prevalence of rich pollen grain ornamentation in the core of the laurel forest distribution. Holocene pollen functional diversity increased during a trend towards drier conditions as did the proportion of pollen grains with apertures and thicker walls to indicate desiccation tolerance. Conclusions: Our study provides the first step towards understanding the role of pollen traits when quantifying the dynamics of different plant communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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30. Paleoecology of the Guayana Highlands (northern South America): Holocene pollen record from the Eruoda-tepui, in the Chimantá massif
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Nogué, Sandra, Rull, Valentí, Montoya, Encarni, Huber, Otto, and Vegas-Vilarrúbia, Teresa
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- 2009
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31. Modeling biodiversity loss by global warming on Pantepui, northern South America: projected upward migration and potential habitat loss
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Nogué, Sandra, Rull, Valentí, and Vegas-Vilarrúbia, Teresa
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- 2009
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32. Does island ontogeny dictate the accumulation of both species richness and functional diversity?
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Kraemer, Andrew C., Roell, Yannik E., Shoobs, Nate F., Parent, Christine E., and Nogué, Sandra
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ARCHIPELAGOES ,ONTOGENY ,ISLANDS ,COMPETITION (Biology) ,SPECIES diversity ,DYNAMIC models - Abstract
Aim: The accumulation of functional diversity in communities is poorly understood. Conveniently, the general dynamic model of island biogeography (GDM) makes predictions for how such diversity might accumulate over time. In this multiscale study of land snail communities on 10 oceanic archipelagos located in various regions of the globe, we test hypotheses of community assembly in systems where islands serve as chronosequences along island ontogeny. Location: Ten volcanic archipelagos. Time period: From 23 Ma to the present. Major taxa studied: Endemic land snails. Methods: Initially, we assembled geological island characteristics of area, isolation and ontogeny for all studied islands. We then characterized island‐scale biotic variables, including the species diversity and functional diversity of snail communities. From these data, we assessed relationships between island and snail community variables as predicted by the GDM, focusing initially on the islands of the Galápagos archipelago and thereafter with a broader analysis of 10 archipelagoes. Results: As in other studies of island assemblages, in Galápagos we find a hump‐shaped curve of species richness, with depauperate snail faunas on early‐ontogeny islands, increasing species richness on mid‐ontogeny islands and low species richness on islands in late ontogeny. We find exceptionally low functional diversity on early‐ontogeny islands that increases through mid‐ontogeny, whereas late‐ontogeny islands exhibit a range of functional diversity. The analysis including all 10 archipelagos indicates a major role of archipelago‐specific factors. In both sets of analyses, functional diversity is exceptionally low on early‐ontogeny islands, and island ontogeny is a significant predictor of morphology. Main conclusions: Consistent patterns of functional diversity across island ontogeny on all examined archipelagos indicate a common role for habitat filtering, ecological opportunity and competition in a diversity of systems, leading to predictable changes in functional diversity and average morphology through island ontogeny, whereas patterns of species richness appear subject to archipelago‐specific factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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33. Assessing the long-term resilience of the Western Ghats agroforestry landscapes: Implications for sustaining biodiversity in one of its prime hotspots
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Kulkarni, Charuta, Bhagwat, Shonil, Finsinger, Walter, Nogué, Sandra, Anand, Pallavi, Willis, Katherine, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Southampton, Long-Term Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, University of Oxford, Royal Geographic Society, Institute of British Geographers, European Project: 795557,EARNEST, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), University of Oxford [Oxford], Finsinger, Walter, and Examining the Agroforestry Landscape Resilience in India to inform Social-Ecological Sustainability in the Tropics - EARNEST - 795557 - INCOMING
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[SDV.BIBS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM] ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,[SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM] ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,[SDV.BV.BOT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,[SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2019
34. EARNEST: Examining the agroforestry landscape resilience in India to inform socioecological sustainability in the tropics
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Kulkarni, Charuta, Bhagwat, Shonil, Finsinger, Walter, Nogué, Sandra, Anand, Pallavi, Willis, Katherine, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Southampton, School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences [Milton Keynes], Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Long-Term Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, University of Oxford [Oxford], European Project: 795557,EARNEST, Finsinger, Walter, Examining the Agroforestry Landscape Resilience in India to inform Social-Ecological Sustainability in the Tropics - EARNEST - 795557 - INCOMING, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and University of Oxford
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[SDV.BIBS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM] ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,[SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM] ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,[SDV.BV.BOT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,[SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2019
35. Assessing the resilience of the Western Ghats agroforestry landscapes towards anthropogenic fires and monsoonal variability: Implications for sustaining biodiversity in one of its prime hotspots
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Kulkarni, Charuta, Bhagwat, Shonil, Finsinger, Walter, Nogué, Sandra, Anand, Pallavi, Willis, Katherine, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Southampton, Long-Term Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, University of Oxford [Oxford], European Project: 795557,EARNEST, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), University of Oxford, Finsinger, Walter, and Examining the Agroforestry Landscape Resilience in India to inform Social-Ecological Sustainability in the Tropics - EARNEST - 795557 - INCOMING
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[SDV.BIBS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM] ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,[SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM] ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,[SDV.BV.BOT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,[SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2019
36. Anthropogenic fires in agroforestry landscapes of India: Lessons from the 'burnt' past for future ecological management in the tropics
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Kulkarni, Charuta, Bhagwat, Shonil, Finsinger, Walter, Nogué, Sandra, Anand, Pallavi, Willis, Katherine, Finsinger, Walter, Examining the Agroforestry Landscape Resilience in India to inform Social-Ecological Sustainability in the Tropics - EARNEST - 795557 - INCOMING, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Southampton, Long-Term Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, University of Oxford [Oxford], European Project: 795557,EARNEST, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and University of Oxford
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[SDV.BIBS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM] ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,[SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM] ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,[SDV.BV.BOT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2019
37. Human food use increases plant geographical ranges in the Sonoran Desert.
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Flower, Carolyn, Hodgson, Wendy C., Salywon, Andrew M., Maitner, Brian S., Enquist, Brian J., Peeples, Matthew A., Blonder, Benjamin, and Nogué, Sandra
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SPECIES distribution ,FERTILIZERS ,PHYTOGEOGRAPHY ,PLANT species ,EDIBLE plants - Abstract
Aim: Climate is usually regarded as the main determinant of plant species distributions. However, past human use of species for food might also have influenced distributions. We hypothesized that human‐mediated dispersal has resulted in food plants occupying more of their potential geographical range. We also hypothesized that key ecological traits could predispose a species to occupy more of its potential climatic geographical range and be selected by humans for food. Location: The Sonoran Desert of south‐western North America. Time period: Present day. Major taxa studied: Food plants. Methods: We used ethnobotanical data and data from large botanical ecoinformatics databases to estimate realized (dispersal‐ and climate‐constrained) and potential (climate‐constrained) ranges for food plants and their used and unused congeners. Results: We found that food plants fill more of their potential geographical ranges than their unused congeners. We also found that succulence and annual growth interacted with food usage to increase range filling. Main conclusions: Human food use has expanded the distribution of many plant species in the Sonoran Desert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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38. Effects of Holocene climate change, volcanism and mass migration on the ecosystem of a small, dry island (Brava, Cabo Verde).
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Castilla‐Beltrán, Alvaro, Nascimento, Lea, Fernández‐Palacios, José María, Whittaker, Robert J., Romeiras, Maria M., Cundy, Andrew B., Edwards, Mary, and Nogué, Sandra
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HOLOCENE Epoch ,CLIMATE change ,VOLCANISM ,VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc. ,GEOCHEMISTRY ,GRASSLAND soils - Abstract
Aim: Palaeoecological data provide an essential long‐term perspective of ecological change and its drivers in oceanic islands. However, analysing the effects of multi‐scalar and potentially co‐occurring disturbances is particularly challenging in dry islands. Here, we aim to identify the ecological consequences of the integrated impacts of a regional drying trend, volcanic eruptions and human mass migrations in a spatially constrained environment—a small, dry oceanic island in Macaronesia. Location: Brava Island, Republic of Cabo Verde. Taxa: Terrestrial vegetation and fungi. Methods: We use palaeoecological analyses applied to a caldera soil profile that dates back to 9700 cal yr BP (calibrated years before the present). Analyses include pollen (vegetation history), non‐pollen palynomorphs (changes in fern and fungal communities), grain‐size distribution, loss‐on‐ignition and geochemistry (sedimentology and erosion regimes), microscopic tephra shards (volcanic ash deposition) and charcoal (fire regime). Results: A regional drying trend after c. 4000 cal yr BP caused increased erosion but had limited immediate impacts on highland grassland vegetation. The expansion of fern‐rich woody scrubland was contemporaneous with significant deposition of volcanic ash and erosion between 1800 and 650 cal yr BP. About 300 cal yr BP, exogenous plants expanded, grazing and fires increased, and there was a decrease of native vegetation cover. Main conclusions: Throughout the Holocene, highland vegetation in Brava was characterized by the presence of open landscapes dominated by herbaceous species (e.g. Poaceae, Forsskaolea), with some presence of woody native taxa (e.g. Ficus, Dodonaea). A regional drying trend was a driver of erosion since the Mid Holocene but did not have an immediate influence on highland vegetation. Tephra deposition is a possible driver of vegetation change. Inter‐island mass migration after volcanic events in Fogo Island c. 1680 CE potentially triggered land use change and intensification, causing a reduction of native vegetation in Brava. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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39. The human dimension of biodiversity changes on islands.
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Nogué, Sandra, Santos, Ana M. C., Birks, H. John B., Björck, Svante, Castilla-Beltrán, Alvaro, Connor, Simon, de Boer, Erik J., de Nascimento, Lea, Felde, Vivian A., Fernández-Palacios, José María, Froyd, Cynthia A., Haberle, Simon G., Hooghiemstra, Henry, Ljung, Karl, Norder, Sietze J., Peñuelas, Josep, Prebble, Matthew, Stevenson, Janelle, Whittaker, Robert J., and Willis, Kathy J.
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- *
ISLAND ecology , *ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature , *BIODIVERSITY conservation , *EFFECT of human beings on climate change , *HUMAN ecology research , *FOSSIL pollen - Abstract
Islands are among the last regions on Earth settled and transformed by human activities, and they provide replicated model systems for analysis of how people affect ecological functions. By analyzing 27 representative fossil pollen sequences encompassing the past 5000 years from islands globally, we quantified the rates of vegetation compositional change before and after human arrival. After human arrival, rates of turnover accelerate by a median factor of 11, with faster rates on islands colonized in the past 1500 years than for those colonized earlier. This global anthropogenic acceleration in turnover suggests that islands are on trajectories of continuing change. Strategies for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem restoration must acknowledge the long duration of human impacts and the degree to which ecological changes today differ from prehuman dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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40. Dispersal syndromes drive the formation of biogeographical regions, illustrated by the case of Wallace's Line.
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White, Alexander E., Dey, Kushal K., Stephens, Matthew, Price, Trevor D., and Nogué, Sandra
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LATENT variables ,BIOTIC communities ,CLIMATE change ,FRAGMENTED landscapes ,TAPHONOMY - Abstract
Aim: Biogeographical regions (realms) reflect patterns of co‐distributed species (biotas) across space. Their boundaries are set by dispersal barriers and difficulties of establishment in new locations. We extend new methods to assess these two contributions by quantifying the degree to which realms intergrade across geographical space and the contributions of individual species to the delineation of those realms. As our example, we focus on Wallace's Line, the most enigmatic partitioning of the world's faunas, where climate is thought to have little effect and the majority of dispersal barriers are short water gaps. Location: Indo‐Pacific. Time period: Present day. Major taxa studied: Birds and mammals. Methods: Terrestrial bird and mammal assemblages were established in 1‐degree map cells using range maps. Assemblage structure was modelled using latent Dirichlet allocation, a continuous clustering method that simultaneously establishes the likely partitioning of species into biotas and the contribution of biotas to each map cell. Phylogenetic trees were used to assess the contribution of deep historical processes. Spatial segregation between biotas was evaluated across time and space in comparison with numerous hard realm boundaries drawn by various workers. Results: We demonstrate that the strong turnover between biotas coincides with the north‐western extent of the region not connected to the mainland during the Pleistocene, although the Philippines contains mixed contributions. At deeper taxonomic levels, Sulawesi and the Philippines shift to primarily Asian affinities, resulting from transgressions of a few Asian‐derived lineages across the line. The partitioning of biotas sometimes produces fragmented regions that reflect habitat. Differences in partitions between birds and mammals reflect differences in dispersal ability. Main conclusions: Permanent water barriers have selected for a dispersive archipelago fauna, excluded by an incumbent continental fauna on the Sunda shelf. Deep history, such as plate movements, is relatively unimportant in setting boundaries. The analysis implies a temporally dynamic interaction between a species' intrinsic dispersal ability, physiographic barriers, and recent climate change in the genesis of Earth's biotas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Long‐term drivers of vegetation turnover in Southern Hemisphere temperate ecosystems.
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Adeleye, Matthew Adesanya, Mariani, Michela, Connor, Simon, Haberle, Simon Graeme, Herbert, Annika, Hopf, Felicitas, Stevenson, Janelle, and Nogué, Sandra
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FOSSIL pollen ,MARINE west coast climate ,FOSSILS ,ECOSYSTEMS ,CLIMATE change ,FIRE ecology - Abstract
Aim: Knowledge of the drivers of ecosystem changes in the past is key to understanding present ecosystem responses to changes in climate, fire regimes and anthropogenic impacts. Northern Hemisphere‐focussed studies suggest that climate and human activities drove turnover during the Holocene in temperate ecosystems. Various drivers have been invoked to explain changes in Southern Hemisphere temperate vegetation, but the region lacks a quantitative assessment of these drivers. To better understand the regional drivers of past diversity, we present a quantitative meta‐analysis study of turnover and richness during the lateglacial and Holocene in Australian temperate ecosystems. Location: South‐east Australia (Tasmania, Bass Strait, SE mainland). Methods: We conducted a meta‐analysis study of 24 fossil pollen records across south‐east Australian temperate ecosystems, applying an empirical turnover threshold to fossil records to identify periods of major turnover for the first time in Australia. We tested pollen richness as a proxy for vegetation richness to estimate past richness and applied this to fossil pollen data. The resulting reconstructions were compared to independent records of climate, sea‐level change and fire through generalized linear modelling. Results and conclusion: Our results show changes in available moisture and sea level drove turnover and richness in most parts of SE Australia in the past, explaining up to c. 97% deviance. However, fire mainly drove turnover in Bass Strait. Our richness reconstructions also support the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, suggesting that high biodiversity was partially maintained by anthropogenic‐managed fire regimes. While temperature change is considered key to Northern Hemisphere palaeodiversity, past turnover and richness in Southern Hemisphere temperate ecosystems responded mainly to moisture availability and sea‐level change (considering its role in modulating regional oceanic climate). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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42. The influence of natural fire and cultural practices on island ecosystems: Insights from a 4,800 year record from Gran Canaria, Canary Islands.
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Ravazzi, Cesare, Mariani, Michela, Criado, Constantino, Garozzo, Lorena, Naranjo‐Cigala, Agustín, Perez‐Torrado, Francisco J., Pini, Roberta, Rodriguez‐Gonzalez, Alejandro, Nogué, Sandra, Whittaker, Robert J., Fernández‐Palacios, José María, and Nascimento, Lea
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HUMAN settlements ,ECOLOGICAL impact ,TROPICAL dry forests ,ANIMAL culture ,ISLANDS - Abstract
Aim: Long‐term ecological data provide a stepped frame of island ecosystem transformation after successive waves of human colonization, essential to determine conservation and management baselines. However, the timing and ecological impact of initial human settlement on many islands is still poorly known. Here, we report analyses from a 4800‐year sedimentary sequence from Gran Canaria (Canary Islands), with the goal of disentangling forest responses to natural fire from early human pressure on the island. Location: La Calderilla, a volcanic maar caldera at 1,770 m a.s.l. on Gran Canaria. Taxon: Plants and fungi. Methods: A core from the caldera infill was analysed for sediment properties, pollen, micro‐ and macrocharcoal, with radiocarbon and biochronology dating. Fossil data were statistically zoned and interpreted with the help of cross‐correlation and ordination analyses. Surface samples and a pollen–vegetation training set were used as modern analogues for vegetation reconstruction. Results: Before human settlement (4,800–2,000 cal. yr bp), pine (Pinus canariensis) pollen dominated. Extensive dry pine forests characterized the highlands, although with temporary declining phases, followed by prompt (sub‐centennial scale) recovery. Towards 2,280 cal. yr bp there was a shift to open vegetation, marked by an increase in coprophilous spores. Coincidental with independent evidence of human settlement in the pine belt (2,000–470 cal. yr bp) there was a decline of pine and a peak in charcoal. Following historic settlement (470–0 cal. yr bp), pollen producers from anthropogenic habitats, secondary vegetation and coprophilous fungi increased in abundance, reflecting higher pressure of animal husbandry and farming. Modern moss polsters reflect extensive reforestation since 1950 ce (Common Era). Main conclusions: From 4,800 cal. yr bp, the pristine vegetation covering the Gran Canaria highlands was a mosaic of dry pine forests and open vegetation. The pine forests sustained intense fires, which may well have promoted habitat diversity. Human interference was initiated around 2,280 cal. yr bp probably by recurrent cultural firing and animal husbandry, triggering a steady trend of forest withdrawal and expansion of grasses and scrubs, until the final disappearance of the pine forest locally in the 20th century. Grasslands were found to be of ancient cultural origin in the summit areas of Gran Canaria, although they underwent an expansion after the Castilian Conquest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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43. Corrigendum for Blonder et al. (2017)
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Blonder, Benjamin, Moulton, Derek E, Blois, Jessica, Enquist, Brian J., Graae, Bente J, Macias-Fauria, Marc, McGill, Brian, Nogué, Sandra, Ordonez, Alejandro, Sandel, Brody, and Svenning, Jens-Christian
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- 2017
44. Past vegetation dynamics to infer holocene climate changes in Tenerife and La Gomera, Canary Islands
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Nogué, Sandra, Nascimento Reyes, Lea de, Fernández-Palacios, José María, and Willis, Kathy J.
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paleoecología ,pollen fossil ,island ecology ,fuego ,paleoclima ,palaeoecology ,palaeoclimate ,fire ,ecología insular ,polen fósil ,key species - Abstract
Oceanic islands in the low latitudes, as the Canary Islands, are generally considered to have been well buffered from the climate change of the Quaternary period. However, questions remain about whether past climatic changes on Atlantic islands are synchronic with those occurring in Africa and the Mediterranean coast or if the climate remained stable during the Holocene. Here we used fossil pollen and charcoal time series on Tenerife and La Gomera in order to: 1) provide the first inter-island picture of vegetation dynamics through the last 9600 years of this important biodiverse region of Europe; 2) detect the vegetation sensitivity, mainly tree communities, to past climatic changes; and, 3) provide evidences for human-induced changes at this potentially highly informative point. Preliminary analyses suggest very little climate change for the period 4000 years to present, but this requires confirmation by reference to additional coring sites. In La Gomera, we found strong evidences of a shift towards drier conditions at around 5500 years ago. The general vegetation pattern observed was a decrease in hygrophilous trees (Canarian palm and willow) and an expansion of Morella-Erica woody heath. Our results provide the first evidence to suggest that the general Northern Africa and Mediterranean shift towards drier conditions may be traced in the Canary Islands.
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- 2013
45. Vegetation changes in the Neotropical Gran Sabana (Venezuela) around the Younger Dryas Chron
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Montoya, Encarnación, Rull, Valentí, Stansell, Nathan D., Bird, Broxton W., Nogué, Sandra, Vegas-Vilarrúbia, Teresa, Abbott, Mark B., and Díaz, Wilmer A.
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Neotropics ,Younger Dryas ,Late Glacial ,Vegetation change ,Fire - Abstract
The occurrence of the Younger Dryas cold reversal in northern South America midlands and lowlands remains controversial. We present a palaeoecological analysis of a Late Glacial lacustrine section from a midland lake (Lake Chonita, 4.6501¿°N, 61.0157¿°W, 884¿m elevation) located in the Venezuelan Gran Sabana, based on physical and biological proxies. The sediments were mostly barren from ~15.3 to 12.7¿k cal a BP, probably due to poor preservation. A ligneous community with no clear modern analogues was dominant from 12.7 to 11.7¿k cal a BP (Younger Dryas chronozone). At present, similar shrublands are situated around 200¿m elevation above the lake, suggesting a cooling-driven downward shift in vegetation during that period. The interval from 11.7 to 10.6¿k cal a BP is marked by a dramatic replacement of the shrubland by savannas and a conspicuous increase in fire incidence. The intensification of local and regional fires at this interval could have played a role in the vegetation shift. A change to wetter, and probably warmer, conditions is deduced after 11.7¿k cal a BP, coinciding with the early Holocene warming. These results support the hypothesis of a mixed origin (climate and fire) of the Gran Sabana savannas, and highlight the climatic instability of the Neotropics during the Late Glacial., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (now Ministry of Science and Innovation), projects CGL2006-00974 and CGL2009-07069/BOS to V.R. and grant BES-2007-16308 to E.M. Permits to develop the research in Venezuela were provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology (DM/0000013, 5 January 2007), and sampling permits were provided by the Ministry of Environment (no. IE-085, 9 February 2007).
- Published
- 2011
46. Potential migration routes and barriers for vascular plants of the Neotropical Guyana Highlands during the Quaternary
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Rull, Valentí and Nogué, Sandra
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Neotropics ,Vascular plants ,Quaternary ,Guyana ,migration ,Barriers ,Endemism ,Phytogeography ,Species diversity - Abstract
15 p., [EN] Aim To reconstruct in detail the potential migration routes and barriers for vascular plants from the summits of the Guyana mountains during the Quaternary, in order to test the possibility of migration among them during the glaciations. These changes in connectivity are predicted based on the altitudinal migration of plant communities associated with glacial cooling. To examine the effects of these cycles, the extent of the potential biotic interchange and its influence on patterns of endemism was modelled. Location The summits of the tepuis or table mountains of the Neotropical Guyana Highlands, which constitute the peculiar and discontinuous Pantepui phytogeographical province (total surface 5000 km2, altitudinal range 1500– 3014 m a.s.l.), and is characterized by a unique and diverse flora with a high degree of endemism. Methods GIS-based palaeotopographical reconstruction using a high-precision digital elevation model, combined with phytogeographical analysis by means of a data base built up from the Flora of the Venezuelan Guyana, which includes the geographical and altitudinal ranges for each Pantepui species. Results During the Last Glacial Maximum, which serves as a representative of a standard Quaternary glaciation, most migration pathways among tepuis were open for species with lower altitudinal levels (LAL) £ 1500 m (1678 species or c. 69% of the total Pantepui species), and closed for species with LAL ‡ 2300 m altitude (c. 3%). The species in between these altitudes have intermediate migratory possibilities, depending on the district and the tepui considered. If these local factors are considered, the number of species with no possibility of glacial interchange increases to 202 or c. 8% of the total. The strongest topographical barrier separated eastern locations above 1600–1700 m elevation from all others. The highest possibility of interchange was among the tepuis of the eastern sector, in which internal topographical barriers were only effective for species with LALs at or above 1900 m. Main conclusions The Quaternary evolution of the vascular flora from the Guyana Highlands took place in a predominantly migration-prone, glacial-era landscape, in which more than 70% of the flora (maximum estimate) was able to move from one tepuian district to another, thanks to the downward bioclimatic shift caused by cooling. Interglacials were too short to drive significant evolutionary diversification. A number of present high-altitude local endemics are species that were unable to migrate, even during glaciations. However, some endemic species do appear to have been able to migrate among regions, suggesting that topographical isolation alone is not enough to explain patterns of endemism. Other factors such as tepui summit area, habitat heterogeneity or pre-Quaternary evolution are considered.
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- 2007
47. Island biodiversity conservation needs palaeoecology.
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Nogué, Sandra, de Nascimento, Lea, Froyd, Cynthia A., Wilmshurst, Janet M., de Boer, Erik J., Coffey, Emily E. D., Whittaker, Robert J., Fernández-Palacios, José María, and Willis, Kathy J.
- Published
- 2017
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48. Predictability in community dynamics.
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Blonder, Benjamin, Moulton, Derek E., Blois, Jessica, Enquist, Brian J., Graae, Bente J., Macias‐Fauria, Marc, McGill, Brian, Nogué, Sandra, Ordonez, Alejandro, Sandel, Brody, Svenning, Jens‐Christian, and Storch, David
- Subjects
ECOPHYSIOLOGY ,SPECIES distribution ,CLIMATE reconstruction (Research) ,CLIMATE change ,ECOLOGICAL research - Abstract
The coupling between community composition and climate change spans a gradient from no lags to strong lags. The no-lag hypothesis is the foundation of many ecophysiological models, correlative species distribution modelling and climate reconstruction approaches. Simple lag hypotheses have become prominent in disequilibrium ecology, proposing that communities track climate change following a fixed function or with a time delay. However, more complex dynamics are possible and may lead to memory effects and alternate unstable states. We develop graphical and analytic methods for assessing these scenarios and show that these dynamics can appear in even simple models. The overall implications are that (1) complex community dynamics may be common and (2) detailed knowledge of past climate change and community states will often be necessary yet sometimes insufficient to make predictions of a community's future state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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49. Reconstructing Holocene vegetation on the island of Gran Canaria before and after human colonization.
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de Nascimento, Lea, Nogué, Sandra, Criado, Constantino, Ravazzi, Cesare, Whittaker, Robert J., Willis, Kathy J., and Fernández-Palacios, José María
- Subjects
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CLIMATE reconstruction (Research) , *HOLOCENE paleoclimatology , *VEGETATION & climate , *EFFECT of human beings on climate change , *COLONIZATION (Ecology) , *PALYNOLOGY ,GRAN Canaria (Canary Islands) - Abstract
We provide the first fossil pollen and charcoal analysis from the island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). The pollen record obtained from Laguna de Valleseco (870 m a.s.l.) spans the late Holocene (c. 4500–1500 cal. yr BP) and thereby captures the impact of human colonization. During the earliest period, pollen composition resembled contemporary thermophilous communities, with palms (Phoenix canariensis) and junipers (Juniperus cf. turbinata) being the dominant trees, suggesting that these elements were more widespread in the past. Vegetation in Valleseco began to change at around 2300 cal. yr BP, 400 years before the earliest archaeological evidence of human presence in the island (c. 1900 cal. yr BP). Our data show an increased frequency of fires at that time, coinciding with the decline of palms and the increase of grasses, indicating that humans were present and were transforming vegetation, thus showing that the demise of Gran Canaria’s forest began at an early point in the prehistoric occupation of the island. In the following centuries, there were no signs of forest recovery. Pollen from cultivated cereals became significant, implying the introduction of agriculture in the site, by 1800 cal. yr BP. The next shift in vegetation (c. 1600 cal. yr BP) involved the decrease of grasses in favour of shrubs and trees like Morella faya, suggesting that agriculture was abandoned at the site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Cultural drivers of reforestation in tropical forest groves of the Western Ghats of India.
- Author
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Bhagwat, Shonil A., Nogué, Sandra, and Willis, Katherine J.
- Subjects
REFORESTATION ,FORESTS & forestry ,BELIEF & doubt ,FOREST conservation ,LANDSCAPES ,FOREST restoration - Abstract
Sacred forest groves in the Western Ghats of India are small fragments of tropical forest that have received protection due to religious beliefs and cultural practices. These forest fragments are an example of community-based conservation and they serve as refugia for many forest-dwelling species in otherwise highly anthropogenic tropical forest-agriculture landscapes of the Indian Western Ghats. Many of these sacred forest groves are considered ancient woodlands, but there is very little information on their origins. For instance: How old are these sacred groves? Are they relics of forest that was once continuous or are they patches of regenerated vegetation? How do changes in the surrounding landscape influence the vegetation in these groves? Based on palaeoecological reconstruction in two such sacred forest groves, we determined the age of these forest fragments. Both reconstructions indicate transition from non-forest open landscape to tree-covered landscape at these sites. These finding from two sacred groves challenge the common perception that sacred forest groves are remnants of once-continuous forest; instead, some sacred groves such as those studied might be regenerated forest patches that are approximately 400 years old. This further raises a number of questions about the drivers of reforestation in these groves. What were the social and cultural circumstances which led to the recovery of forest within these patches? How did land tenure influence forest recovery? What role did religious beliefs play in forest restoration? Using Wallace's (1956) framework of 'cultural revitalization' and based on historical literature and palaeoecological analysis of the two sacred groves, this paper examines the drivers of reforestation in the Western Ghats of India. It suggests various social, ecological and economic drivers of such revitalization, recognizing strong linkages between the 'social' and the 'ecological' within the social-ecological system of sacred forest groves. This example of reforestation suggests that contemporary restoration of forests needs to operate at a landscape scale and look at restoration as a social-ecological intervention in forest management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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