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Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic basins in western North America record the evolving position of the Laurentian craton within two supercontinents during their growth and dismemberment: Columbia (Nuna) and Rodinia. The western-most exposures of the Columbia rift-related Belt-Purcell Supergroup are preserved in northeastern Washington, structurally overlain by the Deer Trail Group and depositionally overlying the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup. It has been disputed whether the Deer Trail Group is correlative with the Belt-Purcell Supergroup, or younger. To help resolve the uncertain correlation of these units and their bearing on supercontinent evolution, we characterized the detrital zircon age populations of units from the Deer Trail Group, the Windermere Supergroup, and the Belt-Purcell Supergroup in northeastern Washington. These data show that the western part of the Columbia supercontinent (now located in Australia and eastern Antarctica) remained attached to western Laurentia and continued to supply 1600-1500 Ma detrital zircon grains to the Belt-Purcell Supergroup until after ca. 1391 Ma. The Deer Trail Group is younger than the Belt-Purcell strata, with the basal unit younger than ca. 1362 Ma and a middle unit younger than ca. 1300 Ma. The Deer Trail Group has a pre-Grenville-age provenance from the southwestern USA and possibly east Antarctica. The Buffalo Hump Formation is younger than the Deer Trail Group, with Grenville-age (ca. 1112 Ma) detrital zircon grains and a detrital zircon signature like that of the overlying Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup. We interpret the Deer Trail Group to have been deposited during the rift-demise of supercontinent Columbia and before the Grenville-age assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia. Key words: Precambrian, Proterozoic, supercontinent Columbia, Rodinia, Laurentia, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, petrochemistry, Belt-Purcell Supergroup, Deer Trail Group, Windermere Supergroup, Washington. Des bassins mesoproterozoiques et neoproterozoiques de l'Ouest de l'Amerique du Nord renferment un registre de l'evolution de la position du craton laurentien au sein de deux supercontinents, ceux de Columbia (Nuna) et Rodinia, durant leur croissance et leur demantelement. Les expositions les plus occidentales du Supergroupe de Belt-Purcell associe au rift de Columbia sont preservees dans le nord-ouest de l'Etat de Washington, le Groupe de Deer Trail se trouvant structuralement au-dessus et le Supergroupe neoproterozoique de Windermere, stratigraphiquement en dessous. La question a savoir si le Groupe de Deer Trail est correlatif ou plus jeune que le Supergroupe de Belt-Purcell a fait l'objet d'un debat. Pour aider a determiner les correlations incertaines entre ces unites et leur importance en ce qui concerne l'evaluation des supercontinents, nous avons caracterise les populations d'ages de zircons detritiques d'unites du Groupe de Deer Trail, du Supergroupe de Windermere et du Supergroupe de Belt-Purcell dans le nord-est de l'Etat de Washington. Ces donnees montrent que la partie ouest du supercontinent de Columbia (qui se trouve aujourd'hui en Australie et dans l'est de l'Antarctique) demeure attachee a la Laurentie occidentale et a continue de fournir des grains de zircons detritiques donnant des ages de 1600-1500 Ma au Supergroupe de Belt-Purcell jusqu'apres ~1391 Ma. Le Groupe de Deer Trail est plus jeune que des strates de Belt-Purcell, l'age de son unite basale etant inferieur a ~1362 Ma et l'age d'une unite intermediaire etant inferieur a ~1300 Ma. Le Groupe de Deer Trail a une region source d'age pre-grenvillien dans le sud-ouest des Etats-Unis et possiblement dans l'est de l'Antarctique. La Formation de Buffalo Hump est plus jeune que le Groupe de Deer Trail, presentant des grains de zircons detritiques d'age grenvillien (~1112 Ma) et une signature de zircons detritiques semblable a celle du Supergroupe neoproterozoique de Windermere sus-jacent. Nous interpretons le Groupe de Deer Trail comme ayant ete depose durant le demantelement par rifting du supercontinent de Columbia et avant l'assemblage d'age grenvillien du supercontinent de Rodinia. Mots-cles : Precambrien, Proterozoique, supercontinent de Columbia, Rodinia, Laurentie, geochronologie U-Pb sur zircons detritiques, petrochimie, Supergroupe de Belt-Purcell, Groupe de Deer Trail, Supergroupe de Windermere, Washington., Introduction Our understanding of how western Laurentia fit into the great Proterozoic supercontinents (Columbia (sometimes called Nuna): ca. 1.7-1.3 Ma, Zhao et al. 2004; Rodinia: 1.1-0.75 Ma, Li et al. [...]

Belinda O’Sullivan,1 Joelena Leader,2 Danielle Couch,3 James Purnell4 1Rural Clinical School, University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; 2Edwards School of Business, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; 3School of Rural Health, Monash University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia; 4Department of Academic Family Medicine Northern Medical Services, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, CanadaCorrespondence: Belinda O’Sullivan Email belinda.osullivan@uq.edu.auAbstract: Pandemic situations present enormous risks to essential rural primary healthcare (PHC) teams and the communities they serve. Yet, the pandemic policy development for rural contexts remains poorly defined. This article draws on reflections of the rural PHC response during the COVID-19 pandemic around three elements: risk, resilience, and response. Rural communities have nuanced risks related to their mobility and interaction patterns coupled with heightened population needs, socio-economic disadvantage, and access and health service infrastructure challenges. This requires specific risk assessment and communication which addresses the local context. Pandemic resilience relies on qualified and stable PHC teams using flexible responses and resources to enable streams of pandemic-related healthcare alongside ongoing primary healthcare. This depends on problem solving within limited resources and using networks and collaborations to enable healthcare for populations spread over large geographic catchments. PHC teams must secure systems for patient retrieval and managing equipment and resources including providing for situations where supply chains may fail and staff need rest. Response consists of rural PHC teams adopting new preventative clinics, screening and ambulatory models to protect health workers from exposure whilst maximizing population screening and continuity of healthcare for vulnerable groups. Innovative models that emerge during pandemics, including telehealth clinics, may bear specific evaluation for informing ongoing rural health system capabilities and patient access. It is imperative that mainstream pandemic policies recognize the nuance of rural settings and address resourcing and support strategies to each level of rural risk, resilience, and response for a strong health system ready for surge events.Keywords: pandemic, rural primary healthcare, risk assessment, preparedness, rural system, outbreak, hazard; COVID-19

A first-principles study of native point defects in monoclinic, cubic, two different tetragonal, and five different orthorhombic phases of hafnia (HfO2) is presented. They include vacancy of tri-coordinated and tetra-coordinated oxygen, metal vacancy, interstitial metal, and interstitial oxygen. Defect formation energy, trap depth, and relaxation energy upon optical excitation of defects are listed. The trap depth of oxygen vacancies shows little variation among different phases compared to other defects. Results of the trap depth are compared against measurements and found to have reasonable agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores the effect of age of the intended addressee on the written performance of Japanese university students. Twenty-six female students each wrote letters to three people they knew from a recent study abroad program: one significantly older than themselves, one significantly younger, and one approximately the same age. Analysis of the resulting letters reveals systematic variability in both orthography and linguistic content. (Author/VWL)

Objective: The Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity ('P-POSSUM') is a two-part scoring system that includes a physiological assessment and a measure of operative severity. This study sought to determine whether risk estimates for this scoring system could be used in major head and neck reconstructive surgery. Method: A retrospective review was performed of patients undergoing resection for a temporal bone malignancy in a single head and neck centre in Dublin, Ireland, from 2002 to 2021. Results: The mean ± standard deviation morbidity estimate calculated using the scoring system was 47.6 per cent ± 19.5 per cent. The actual rate of complications was 47 per cent. The optimal cut-off for the scoring system was calculated using the Youden index from the receiver operating characteristic curve, which was 40.5 per cent in this case. Conclusion: The study indicates that the Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity is a useful tool for predicting morbidity risk in patients undergoing head and neck resection with reconstruction for temporal bone malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of several high-[kappa] materials to recover from the Fowler-Nordbeim stress-induced degradation is analyzed. The study of various structural differences in the dielectrics and charge centroids show that high temperature annealing can help in a complete recovery of the stress-induced damage in Hf[O.sub.2] molecules.

Background: Worldwide, the proportion of women entering careers in medicine is increasing. To ensure diversity and capacity in the general practice ("GP") supervision workforce, a greater understanding from the perspective of women GPs engaged in or considering the clinical supervision of trainee doctors is important. This narrative inquiry aims to explore the uptake and sustainability of supervision roles for women GPs in the Australian context. Methods: Qualitative interviews with Australian women GPs were conducted between July and September 2021. Women GPs were selected to represent a range of demographics, practice contexts, and supervision experience to promote broad perspectives. Narrative analysis drew on participant perspectives, allowing emergent stories to be explored using story arcs based on the characters, settings, problems, actions, and resolutions. These stories were evaluated by a broad research team and a high level of agreement of the final narratives and counter-narratives was achieved. Results: Of the 25 women who enrolled, 17 completed interviews. Six narratives emerged, including: power and control, pay, time, other life commitments, quality of supervision, and supervisor identity. These represented significant intersecting issues with the potential to impact the uptake and sustainability of supervision by women GPs. Some women GPs reported a lack of agency to make decisions about their role in supervision and were not remunerated for teaching. Uptake and sustainability of supervision was constrained by other life commitments, which could be buffered by team-sharing arrangements and a supportive practice. Although adding a burden of time atop their complex and sensitive consultations, women GPs were committed to being available to registrars and supervising at a high standard. To foster high quality supervision, women GPs were interested in up-skilling resources, building experience and harnessing support networks. Women sensed imposter syndrome when negotiating a supervisor identity, which could be managed by explicitly valuing their contribution. Conclusion: The findings can inform the development of more specific resources, supports and structures to enable women GPs in Australia to uptake and sustain the supervision of trainee doctors at a level they find both acceptable and rewarding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]