1. The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer
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Figlioli, G., Bogliolo, M., Catucci, I., Caleca, L., Lasheras, S. V., Pujol, R., Kiiski, J. I., Muranen, T. A., Barnes, D. R., Dennis, J., Michailidou, K., Bolla, M. K., Leslie, G., Aalfs, C. M., Balleine, R., Baxter, R., Braye, S., Carpenter, J., Dahlstrom, J., Forbes, J., Lee, C. S., Marsh, D., Morey, A., Pathmanathan, N., Scott, R., Simpson, P., Spigelman, A., Wilcken, N., Yip, D., Zeps, N., Adank, M. A., Adlard, J., Agata, S., Cadoo, K., Agnarsson, B. A., Ahearn, T., Aittomaki, K., Ambrosone, C. B., Andrews, L., Anton-Culver, H., Antonenkova, N. N., Arndt, V., Arnold, N., Aronson, K. J., Arun, B. K., Asseryanis, E., Auber, B., Auvinen, P., Azzollini, J., Balmana, J., Barkardottir, R. B., Barrowdale, D., Barwell, J., Beane Freeman, L. E., Beauparlant, C. J., Beckmann, M. W., Behrens, S., Benitez, J., Berger, R., Bermisheva, M., Blanco, A. M., Blomqvist, C., Bogdanova, N. V., Bojesen, A., Bojesen, S. E., Bonanni, B., Borg, A., Brady, A. F., Brauch, H., Brenner, H., Bruning, T., Burwinkel, B., Buys, S. S., Caldes, T., Caliebe, A., Caligo, M. A., Campa, D., Campbell, I. G., Canzian, F., Castelao, J. E., Chang-Claude, J., Chanock, S. J., Claes, K. B. M., Clarke, C. L., Collavoli, A., Conner, T. A., Cox, D. G., Cybulski, C., Czene, K., Daly, M. B., de la Hoya, M., Devilee, P., Diez, O., Ding, Y. C., Dite, G. S., Ditsch, N., Domchek, S. M., Dorfling, C. M., dos-Santos-Silva, I., Durda, K., Dwek, M., Eccles, D. M., Ekici, A. B., Eliassen, A. H., Ellberg, C., Eriksson, M., Evans, D. G., Fasching, P. A., Figueroa, J., Flyger, H., Foulkes, W. D., Friebel, T. M., Friedman, E., Gabrielson, M., Gaddam, P., Gago-Dominguez, M., Gao, C., Gapstur, S. M., Garber, J., Garcia-Closas, M., Garcia-Saenz, J. A., Gaudet, M. M., Gayther, S. A., Belotti, M., Bertrand, O., Birot, A. -M., Buecher, B., Caputo, S., Dupre, A., Fourme, E., Gauthier-Villars, M., Golmard, L., Le Mentec, M., Moncoutier, V., de Pauw, A., Saule, C., Boutry-Kryza, N., Calender, A., Giraud, S., Leone, M., Bressac-de-Paillerets, B., Caron, O., Guillaud-Bataille, M., Bignon, Y. -J., Uhrhammer, N., Bonadona, V., Lasset, C., Berthet, P., Castera, L., Vaur, D., Bourdon, V., Nogues, C., Noguchi, T., Popovici, C., Remenieras, A., Sobol, H., Coupier, I., Pujol, P., Adenis, C., Dumont, A., Revillion, F., Muller, D., Barouk-Simonet, E., Bonnet, F., Bubien, V., Longy, M., Sevenet, N., Gladieff, L., Guimbaud, R., Feillel, V., Toulas, C., Dreyfus, H., Leroux, C. D., Peysselon, M., Rebischung, C., Legrand, C., Baurand, A., Bertolone, G., Coron, F., Faivre, L., Jacquot, C., Lizard, S., Kientz, C., Lebrun, M., Prieur, F., Fert-Ferrer, S., Mari, V., Venat-Bouvet, L., Bezieau, S., Delnatte, C., Mortemousque, I., Colas, C., Coulet, F., Soubrier, F., Warcoin, M., Bronner, M., Sokolowska, J., Collonge-Rame, M. -A., Damette, A., Gesta, P., Lallaoui, H., Chiesa, J., Molina-Gomes, D., Ingster, O., Manouvrier-Hanu, S., Lejeune, S., Giles, G. G., Glendon, G., Godwin, A. K., Goldberg, M. S., Goldgar, D. E., Guenel, P., Gutierrez-Barrera, A. M., Haeberle, L., Haiman, C. A., Hakansson, N., Hall, P., Hamann, U., Harrington, P. A., Hein, A., Heyworth, J., Hillemanns, P., Hollestelle, A., Hopper, J. L., Hosgood, H. D., Howell, A., Hu, C., Hulick, P. J., Hunter, D. J., Imyanitov, E. N., Aghmesheh, M., Greening, S., Amor, D., Gattas, M., Botes, L., Buckley, M., Friedlander, M., Koehler, J., Meiser, B., Saleh, M., Salisbury, E., Trainer, A., Tucker, K., Antill, Y., Dobrovic, A., Fellows, A., Fox, S., Harris, M., Nightingale, S., Phillips, K., Sambrook, J., Thorne, H., Armitage, S., Arnold, L., Kefford, R., Kirk, J., Rickard, E., Bastick, P., Beesley, J., Hayward, N., Spurdle, A., Walker, L., Beilby, J., Saunders, C., Bennett, I., Blackburn, A., Bogwitz, M., Gaff, C., Lindeman, G., Pachter, N., Scott, C., Sexton, A., Visvader, J., Taylor, J., Winship, I., Brennan, M., Brown, M., French, J., Edwards, S., Burgess, M., Burke, J., Patterson, B., Butow, P., Culling, B., Caldon, L., Callen, D., Chauhan, D., Eisenbruch, M., Heiniger, L., Chauhan, M., Christian, A., Dixon, J., Kidd, A., Cohen, P., Colley, A., Fenton, G., Crook, A., Dickson, R., Field, M., Cui, J., Cummings, M., Dawson, S. -J., Defazio, A., Delatycki, M., Dudding, T., Edkins, T., Farshid, G., Flanagan, J., Fong, P., Forrest, L., Gallego-Ortega, D., George, P., Gill, G., Kollias, J., Haan, E., Hart, S., Jenkins, M., Hunt, C., Lakhani, S., Lipton, L., Lobb, L., Mann, G., Mclachlan, S. A., O'Connell, S., O'Sullivan, S., Pieper, E., Robinson, B., Saunus, J., Scott, E., Shelling, A., Williams, R., Young, M. A., Isaacs, C., Jakimovska, M., Jakubowska, A., James, P., Janavicius, R., Janni, W., John, E. M., Jones, M. E., Jung, A., Kaaks, R., Karlan, B. Y., Khusnutdinova, E., Kitahara, C. M., Konstantopoulou, I., Koutros, S., Kraft, P., Lambrechts, D., Lazaro, C., Le Marchand, L., Lester, J., Lesueur, F., Lilyquist, J., Loud, J. T., K. H., Lu, Luben, R. N., Lubinski, J., Mannermaa, A., Manoochehri, M., Manoukian, S., Margolin, S., Martens, J. W. M., Maurer, T., Mavroudis, D., Mebirouk, N., Meindl, A., Menon, U., Miller, A., Montagna, M., Nathanson, K. L., Neuhausen, S. L., Newman, W. G., Nguyen-Dumont, T., Nielsen, F. C., Nielsen, S., Nikitina-Zake, L., Offit, K., Olah, E., Olopade, O. I., Olshan, A. F., Olson, J. E., Olsson, H., Osorio, A., Ottini, L., Peissel, B., Peixoto, A., Peto, J., Plaseska-Karanfilska, D., Pocza, T., Presneau, N., Pujana, M. A., Punie, K., Rack, B., Rantala, J., Rashid, M. U., Rau-Murthy, R., Rennert, G., Lejbkowicz, F., Rhenius, V., Romero, A., Rookus, M. A., Ross, E. A., Rossing, M., Rudaitis, V., Ruebner, M., Saloustros, E., Sanden, K., Santamarina, M., Scheuner, M. T., Schmutzler, R. K., Schneider, M., Senter, L., Shah, M., Sharma, P., Shu, X. -O., Simard, J., Singer, C. F., Sohn, C., Soucy, P., Southey, M. C., Spinelli, J. J., Steele, L., Stoppa-Lyonnet, D., Tapper, W. J., Teixeira, M. R., Terry, M. B., Thomassen, M., Thompson, J., Thull, D. L., Tischkowitz, M., Tollenaar, R. A. E. M., Torres, D., Troester, M. A., Truong, T., Tung, N., Untch, M., Vachon, C. M., van Rensburg, E. J., van Veen, E. M., Vega, A., Viel, A., Wappenschmidt, B., Weitzel, J. N., Wendt, C., Wieme, G., Wolk, A., Yang, X. R., Zheng, W., Ziogas, A., Zorn, K. K., Dunning, A. M., Lush, M., Wang, Q., Mcguffog, L., Parsons, M. T., Pharoah, P. D. P., Fostira, F., Toland, A. E., Andrulis, I. L., Ramus, S. J., Swerdlow, A. J., Greene, M. H., Chung, W. K., Milne, R. L., Chenevix-Trench, G., Dork, T., Schmidt, M. K., Easton, D. F., Radice, P., Hahnen, E., Antoniou, A. C., Couch, F. J., Nevanlinna, H., Surralles, J., Peterlongo, P., Caleca, Laura [0000-0002-3381-7493], Muranen, Taru A. [0000-0002-5895-1808], Dennis, Joe [0000-0003-4591-1214], Adlard, Julian [0000-0002-1693-0435], Arndt, Volker [0000-0001-9320-8684], Auber, Bernd [0000-0003-1880-291X], Bonanni, Bernardo [0000-0003-3589-2128], Brauch, Hiltrud [0000-0001-7531-2736], Devilee, Peter [0000-0002-8023-2009], Foulkes, William D. [0000-0001-7427-4651], Isaacs, Claudine [0000-0002-9646-1260], Jakimovska, Milena [0000-0002-1506-0669], Konstantopoulou, Irene [0000-0002-0470-0309], Lesueur, Fabienne [0000-0001-7404-4549], Menon, Usha [0000-0003-3708-1732], Miller, Austin [0000-0001-9739-8462], Peto, Julian [0000-0002-1685-8912], Punie, Kevin [0000-0002-1162-7963], Romero, Atocha [0000-0002-1634-7397], Saloustros, Emmanouil [0000-0002-0485-0120], Scott, Christopher [0000-0003-1340-0647], Viel, Alessandra [0000-0003-2804-0840], Wieme, Greet [0000-0003-2718-5300], Zheng, Wei [0000-0003-1226-070X], Ziogas, Argyrios [0000-0003-4529-3727], Greene, Mark H. [0000-0003-1852-9239], Nevanlinna, Heli [0000-0002-0916-2976], Peterlongo, Paolo [0000-0001-6951-6855], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Medical Oncology, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), IFOM, Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, University Hospital and University of Iceland School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig–Holstein, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], University of Iceland [Reykjavik]-Landspitali - University Hospital, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals Leicester, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch [Bethesda, Maryland], Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics [Bethesda, Maryland], National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Departemento Genetica Humana, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Oncologicas, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Department of Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (MHH), Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University [Lund]-Skåne University Hospital, North West Thames Regional Genetics, Northwick Park Hospital, Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology [Stuttgart], Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Section of Genetic Oncology, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Centre-Pomeranian Medical University [Szczecin] (PUM), Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Division of Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Department of Human Genetics & Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Oncogenetics Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology [Munich, Germany], University-Hospital Munich-Großhadern [München]-Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Wessex clinical genetics service, Lund University Hospital, Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester [Manchester], Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Department of Human Genetics [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California (USC)-Keck School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC), University of Melbourne, Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Cancer Care Ontario, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center [Kansas City, KS, USA], International Agency for Cancer Research (IACR), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of OB/Gyn, University Breast Center Franconia, Univeristy Hospital Erlangen, Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)-Department of Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Josephine Nefkens Institute and Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, The Christie, Department of Statistics, Penn State University, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Department of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion, Vilnius University [Vilnius]-Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics [Bashkortostan Republic, Russia], Russian Academy of Sciences / Ufa Scientific Centre [Bashkortostan Republic, Russia]], National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos' (NCSR), Harvard School of Public Health, Laboratory for translational genetics Leuven, Genetic Counseling and Hereditary Cancer Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Clinical Genetics Branch, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS INT, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Institute for Women's Health [London], University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Department of Medicine, Medical Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center-Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Section Génétique - Groupe Prédispositions génétiques au cancer, Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer (CIRC), Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center [New York], Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Chemotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, University of Chicago, Recherches épidémiologiques et statistiques sur l'environnement et la santé., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular Medicine, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University of Munich, Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Umm Al-Qura University, Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, CHS National Cancer Control Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute, IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Division of Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center Un, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine [Nashville], Laboratoire de Génomique des Cancers, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Division of Special Gynecology, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna-Department of OB/GYN, Division Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers (U830), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Department of Epidemiology [Columbia University], Columbia University [New York]-Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University [New York], Odense University Hospital, Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Genomic Medicine Group, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Division of Experimental Oncology 1, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Division of Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, Center for Astrophysical Sciences [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, University of Science and Technology Beijing [Beijing] (USTB), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)-Department of Public Health and Primary Care-Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics [Colombus], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU)-College of Medicine and Public Health [Colombus], Departments of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto-Cancer Care Ontario, The institute of cancer research [London], Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Cancer Research U.K. Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Unit of Genetic Susceptibility to Cancer, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medici, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine-Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Muranen, Taru A [0000-0002-5895-1808], Foulkes, William D [0000-0001-7427-4651], Greene, Mark H [0000-0003-1852-9239], Institut Català de la Salut, [Figlioli G, Catucci I] IFOM - the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Genome Diagnostics Program, Milan, Italy. [Bogliolo M, Pujol R] Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain. Institute of Biomedical Research, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. [Caleca L] Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Milan, Italy. [Lasheras SV] Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. [Balmaña J] High Risk and Cancer Prevention Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain. Oncologia Mèdica, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. [Diez O] Oncogenetics Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain. Genètica, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Universiteit Leiden-Universiteit Leiden, University of Pennsylvania-University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Georgetown University [Washington] (GU), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, European Project: 634935,H2020,H2020-PHC-2014-two-stage,BRIDGES(2015), European Project: 633784,H2020,H2020-PHC-2014-two-stage,B-CAST(2015), European Project: 223175,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2007-B,COGS(2009), Human Genetics, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Università degli studi di Milano [Milano], University Hospitals of Leicester, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pomeranian Medical University-International Hereditary Cancer Centre, McGill University, University of Kansas Medical Center [Lawrence], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Oncology-University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf [Düsseldorf], Cancer et génôme: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], IT University of Copenhagen, Laval University [Québec], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, University of Santiago de Compostela, Læknadeild (HÍ), Faculty of Medicine (UI), Biomedical Center (UI), Lífvísindasetur (HÍ), Heilbrigðisvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Health Sciences (UI), Háskóli Íslands, University of Iceland, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Universidade do Porto, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea, Against Breast Cancer, Cancer Research UK (Reino Unido), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. H2020, Cancer UK Grant, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ministère de Économie, de la science et de innovation (Canadá), NIH - National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Estados Unidos), Dutch Cancer Society (Holanda), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Xunta de Galicia (España), Canadian Cancer Society, California Breast Cancer Research Program, California Department of Public Health, Medical Research Council (Reino Unido), Free State of Saxony, Germany (LIFE -Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases), Federal Ministry of Education & Research (Alemania), German Cancer Aid, Helsinki University Central Hospital Research Fund, Finlands Akademi (Finlandia), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Alemania), Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Rusia), National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), Biobanking and BioMolecular resources Research Infrastructure (Países Bajos), Estée Lauder Companies’ Breast Cancer Campaign, Swedish Research Council, NIH - National Cancer Institute (NCI). Specialized Programs of Research Excellence (SPOREs) (Estados Unidos), Lon V. Smith Foundation, Research Coincil of Lithuania, Italian Association for Cancer Research, University of Kansas. Cancer Center (Estados Unidos), Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF), French National Cancer Institute, Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, Pink Ribbons Project, United States of Department of Health & Human Services, HUS Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Kristiina Aittomäki / Principal Investigator, HUSLAB, University Management, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biosciences, Helsinki University Hospital, and Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba (Lituania)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Gene mutation ,Càncer - Aspectes genètics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,Mama - Càncer ,Fanconi anemia ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Brjóstakrabbamein ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Pharmacology (medical) ,FANCM ,631/208/68 ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Cancer genetics ,Triple-negative breast cancer ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,Manchester Cancer Research Centre ,Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::/genética [Otros calificadores] ,article ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,3. Good health ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Site::Breast Neoplasms::Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms [DISEASES] ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,3122 Cancers ,ABCTB Investigators ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,KConFab ,Olaparib ,Càncer de mama ,GEMO Study Collaborators ,03 medical and health sciences ,breast cancer ,[SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,631/67/68 ,medicine ,Other subheadings::Other subheadings::/genetics [Other subheadings] ,Erfðafræði ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology ,ddc:610 ,Risk factor ,CHEK2 ,Krabbamein ,Cancer och onkologi ,FancM ,Science & Technology ,cancer ,MUTATIONS ,business.industry ,ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/mcrc ,Biology and Life Sciences ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,cancer genetics ,medicine.disease ,GENE ,Expressió gènica ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,neoplasias::neoplasias por localización::neoplasias de la mama::neoplasias de mama triple negativos [ENFERMEDADES] ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,692/4028/67/68 ,Cancer and Oncology ,FANCONI-ANEMIA ,Cancer research ,gene expression ,C.5791C-GREATER-THAN-T ,business - Abstract
Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM−/− patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors., Peterlongo laboratory is supported by Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC; IG2015 no.16732) to P. Peterlongo and by a fellowship from Fondazione Umberto Veronesi to G. Figlioli. Surrallés laboratory is supported by the ICREA-Academia program, the Spanish Ministry of Health (projects FANCOSTEM and FANCOLEN), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness (projects CB06/07/0023 and RTI2018-098419-B-I00), the European Commission (EUROFANCOLEN project HEALTH-F5-2012-305421 and P-SPHERE COFUND project), the Fanconi Anemia Research Fund Inc, and the “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, una manera de hacer Europa” (FEDER). CIBERER is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. BCAC: we thank all the individuals who took part in these studies and all the researchers, clinicians, technicians and administrative staff who have enabled this work to be carried out. ABCFS thank Maggie Angelakos, Judi Maskiell, Tu Nguyen-Dumont is a National Breast Cancer Foundation (Australia) Career Development Fellow. ABCS thanks the Blood bank Sanquin, The Netherlands. Samples are made available to researchers on a non-exclusive basis. BCEES thanks Allyson Thomson, Christobel Saunders, Terry Slevin, BreastScreen Western Australia, Elizabeth Wylie, Rachel Lloyd. The BCINIS study would not have been possible without the contributions of Dr. Hedy Rennert, Dr. K. Landsman, Dr. N. Gronich, Dr. A. Flugelman, Dr. W. Saliba, Dr. E. Liani, Dr. I. Cohen, Dr. S. Kalet, Dr. V. Friedman, Dr. O. Barnet of the NICCC in Haifa, and all the contributing family medicine, surgery, pathology and oncology teams in all medical institutes in Northern Israel. The BREOGAN study would not have been possible without the contributions of the following: Manuela Gago-Dominguez, Jose Esteban Castelao, Angel Carracedo, Victor Muñoz Garzón, Alejandro Novo Domínguez, Maria Elena Martinez, Sara Miranda Ponte, Carmen Redondo Marey, Maite Peña Fernández, Manuel Enguix Castelo, Maria Torres, Manuel Calaza (BREOGAN), José Antúnez, Máximo Fraga and the staff of the Department of Pathology and Biobank of the University Hospital Complex of Santiago-CHUS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, IDIS, Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Santiago-SERGAS; Joaquín González-Carreró and the staff of the Department of Pathology and Biobank of University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica Galicia Sur, SERGAS, Vigo, Spain. BSUCH thanks Peter Bugert, Medical Faculty Mannheim. CBCS thanks study participants, co-investigators, collaborators and staff of the Canadian Breast Cancer Study, and project coordinators Agnes Lai and Celine Morissette. CCGP thanks Styliani Apostolaki, Anna Margiolaki, Georgios Nintos, Maria Perraki, Georgia Saloustrou, Georgia Sevastaki, Konstantinos Pompodakis. CGPS thanks staff and participants of the Copenhagen General Population Study. For the excellent technical assistance: Dorthe Uldall Andersen, Maria Birna Arnadottir, Anne Bank, Dorthe Kjeldgård Hansen. The Danish Cancer Biobank is acknowledged for providing infrastructure for the collection of blood samples for the cases. Investigators from the CPS-II cohort thank the participants and Study Management Group for their invaluable contributions to this research. They also acknowledge the contribution to this study from central cancer registries supported through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Program of Cancer Registries, as well as cancer registries supported by the National Cancer Institute Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program. The CTS Steering Committee includes Leslie Bernstein, Susan Neuhausen, James Lacey, Sophia Wang, Huiyan Ma, and Jessica Clague DeHart at the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Dennis Deapen, Rich Pinder, and Eunjung Lee at the University of Southern California, Pam Horn-Ross, Peggy Reynolds, Christina Clarke Dur and David Nelson at the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Hoda Anton-Culver, Argyrios Ziogas, and Hannah Park at the University of California Irvine, and Fred Schumacher at Case Western University. DIETCOMPLYF thanks the patients, nurses and clinical staff involved in the study. The DietCompLyf study was funded by the charity Against Breast Cancer (Registered Charity Number 1121258) and the NCRN. We thank the participants and the investigators of EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition). ESTHER thanks Hartwig Ziegler, Sonja Wolf, Volker Hermann, Christa Stegmaier, Katja Butterbach. FHRISK thanks NIHR for funding. GC-HBOC thanks Stefanie Engert, Heide Hellebrand, Sandra Kröber and LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (Markus Loeffler, Joachim Thiery, Matthias Nüchter, Ronny Baber). The GENICA Network: Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Germany [HB, Wing-Yee Lo], German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) [HB], Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy - EXC 2180 - 390900677 [HB], Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany [Yon-Dschun Ko, Christian Baisch], Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Germany [Hans-Peter Fischer], Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany [Ute Hamann], Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany [TB, Beate Pesch, Sylvia Rabstein, Anne Lotz]; and Institute of Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany [Volker Harth]. HABCS thanks Michael Bremer. HEBCS thanks Heidi Toiminen, Kristiina Aittomäki, Irja Erkkilä and Outi Malkavaara. HMBCS thanks Peter Hillemanns, Hans Christiansen and Johann H. Karstens. HUBCS thanks Shamil Gantsev. KARMA thanks the Swedish Medical Research Counsel. KBCP thanks Eija Myöhänen, Helena Kemiläinen. LMBC thanks Gilian Peuteman, Thomas Van Brussel, EvyVanderheyden and Kathleen Corthouts. MABCS thanks Milena Jakimovska (RCGEB “Georgi D. Efremov), Katerina Kubelka, Mitko Karadjozov (Adzibadem-Sistina” Hospital), Andrej Arsovski and Liljana Stojanovska (Re-Medika” Hospital) for their contributions and commitment to this study. MARIE thanks Petra Seibold, Dieter Flesch-Janys, Judith Heinz, Nadia Obi, Alina Vrieling, Sabine Behrens, Ursula Eilber, Muhabbet Celik, Til Olchers and Stefan Nickels. MBCSG (Milan Breast Cancer Study Group) thanks Daniela Zaffaroni, Irene Feroce, and the personnel of the Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory. We thank the coordinators, the research staff and especially the MMHS participants for their continued collaboration on research studies in breast cancer. MSKCC thanks Marina Corines and Lauren Jacobs. MTLGEBCS would like to thank Martine Tranchant (CHU de Québec Research Center), Marie-France Valois, Annie Turgeon and Lea Heguy (McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital; McGill University) for DNA extraction, sample management and skillful technical assistance. J.S. is Chairholder of the Canada Research Chair in Oncogenetics. NBHS thanks study participants and research staff for their contributions and commitment to the studies. We would like to thank the participants and staff of the Nurses’ Health Study and Nurses’ Health Study II for their valuable contributions as well as the following state cancer registries for their help: AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN, IA, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, NE, NH, NJ, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, WA, WY. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review boards of the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and those of participating registries as required. The authors assume full responsibility for analyses and interpretation of these data. OFBCR thanks Teresa Selander and Nayana Weerasooriya. ORIGO thanks E. Krol-Warmerdam, and J. Blom for patient accrual, administering questionnaires, and managing clinical information. PBCS thanks Louise Brinton, Mark Sherman, Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Beata Peplonska, Witold Zatonski, Pei Chao and Michael Stagner. The ethical approval for the POSH study is MREC /00/6/69, UKCRN ID: 1137. We thank staff in the Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC) supported Faculty of Medicine Tissue Bank and the Faculty of Medicine DNA Banking resource. PREFACE thanks Sonja Oeser and Silke Landrith. PROCAS thanks NIHR for funding. RBCS thanks Petra Bos, Jannet Blom, Ellen Crepin, Elisabeth Huijskens, Anja Kromwijk-Nieuwlaat, Annette Heemskerk, the Erasmus MC Family Cancer Clinic. We thank the SEARCH and EPIC teams. SKKDKFZS thanks all study participants, clinicians, family doctors, researchers and technicians for their contributions and commitment to this study. We thank the SUCCESS Study teams in Munich, Duessldorf, Erlangen and Ulm. SZBCS thanks Ewa Putresza. UCIBCS thanks Irene Masunaka. UKBGS thanks Breast Cancer Now and the Institute of Cancer Research for support and funding of the Breakthrough Generations Study, and the study participants, study staff, and the doctors, nurses and other health care providers and health information sources who have contributed to the study. We acknowledge NHS funding to the Royal Marsden/ICR NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. CIMBA: we are grateful to all the families and clinicians who contribute to the studies; Sue Healey, in particular taking on the task of mutation classification with the late Olga Sinilnikova; Maggie Angelakos, Judi Maskiell, Helen Tsimiklis; members and participants in the New York site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry; members and participants in the Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry; Vilius Rudaitis and Laimonas Griškevičius; Yuan Chun Ding and Linda Steele for their work in participant enrollment and biospecimen and data management; Bent Ejlertsen and Anne-Marie Gerdes for the recruitment and genetic counseling of participants; Alicia Barroso, Rosario Alonso and Guillermo Pita; all the individuals and the researchers who took part in CONSIT TEAM (Consorzio Italiano Tumori Ereditari Alla Mammella), thanks in particular: Giulia Cagnoli, Roberta Villa, Irene Feroce, Mariarosaria Calvello, Riccardo Dolcetti, Giuseppe Giannini, Laura Papi, Gabriele Lorenzo Capone, Liliana Varesco, Viviana Gismondi, Maria Grazia Tibiletti, Daniela Furlan, Antonella Savarese, Aline Martayan, Stefania Tommasi, Brunella Pilato, Isabella Marchi, Elena Bandieri, Antonio Russo, Daniele Calistri and the personnel of the Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy. FPGMX: members of the Cancer Genetics group (IDIS): Ana Blanco, Miguel Aguado, Uxía Esperón and Belinda Rodríguez. We thank all participants, clinicians, family doctors, researchers, and technicians for their contributions and commitment to the DKFZ study and the collaborating groups in Lahore, Pakistan (Noor Muhammad, Sidra Gull, Seerat Bajwa, Faiz Ali Khan, Humaira Naeemi, Saima Faisal, Asif Loya, Mohammed Aasim Yusuf) and Bogota, Colombia (Diana Torres, Ignacio Briceno, Fabian Gil). Genetic Modifiers of Cancer Risk in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers (GEMO) study is a study from the National Cancer Genetics Network UNICANCER Genetic Group, France. We wish to pay a tribute to Olga M. Sinilnikova, who with Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet initiated and coordinated GEMO until she sadly passed away on the 30th June 2014. The team in Lyon (Olga Sinilnikova, Mélanie Léoné, Laure Barjhoux, Carole Verny-Pierre, Sylvie Mazoyer, Francesca Damiola, Valérie Sornin) managed the GEMO samples until the biological resource centre was transferred to Paris in December 2015 (Noura Mebirouk, Fabienne Lesueur, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet). We want to thank all the GEMO collaborating groups for their contribution to this study. Drs.Sofia Khan, Irja Erkkilä and Virpi Palola; The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON) consists of the following Collaborating Centers: Netherlands Cancer Institute (coordinating center), Amsterdam, NL: M.A. Rookus, F.B.L. Hogervorst, F.E. van Leeuwen, M.A. Adank, M.K. Schmidt, N.S. Russell, D.J. Jenner; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, NL: J.M. Collée, A.M.W. van den Ouweland, M.J. Hooning, C.M. Seynaeve, C.H.M. van Deurzen, I.M. Obdeijn; Leiden University Medical Center, NL: C.J. van Asperen, P. Devilee, T.C.T.E.F. van Cronenburg; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, NL: C.M. Kets, A.R. Mensenkamp; University Medical Center Utrecht, NL: M.G.E.M. Ausems, M.J. Koudijs; Amsterdam Medical Center, NL: C.M. Aalfs, H.E.J. Meijers-Heijboer; VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, NL: K. van Engelen, J.J.P. Gille; Maastricht University Medical Center, NL: E.B. Gómez-Garcia, M.J. Blok; University of Groningen, NL: J.C. Oosterwijk, A.H. van der Hout, M.J. Mourits, G.H. de Bock; The Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL): S. Siesling, J.Verloop; The nationwide network and registry of histo- and cytopathology in The Netherlands (PALGA): A.W. van den Belt-Dusebout. HEBON thanks the study participants and the registration teams of IKNL and PALGA for part of the data collection. Overbeek; the Hungarian Breast and Ovarian Cancer Study Group members (Janos Papp, Aniko Bozsik, Zoltan Matrai, Miklos Kasler, Judit Franko, Maria Balogh, Gabriella Domokos, Judit Ferenczi, Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary) and the clinicians and patients for their contributions to this study; HVH (University Hospital Vall d’Hebron) the authors acknowledge the Oncogenetics Group (VHIO) and the High Risk and Cancer Prevention Unit of the University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Miguel Servet Progam (CP10/00617), and the Cellex Foundation for providing research facilities and equipment; the ICO Hereditary Cancer Program team led by Dr. Gabriel Capella; the ICO Hereditary Cancer Program team led by Dr. Gabriel Capella; Dr Martine Dumont for sample management and skillful assistance; Catarina Santos and Pedro Pinto; members of the Center of Molecular Diagnosis, Oncogenetics Department and Molecular Oncology Research Center of Barretos Cancer Hospital; Heather Thorne, Eveline Niedermayr, all the kConFab investigators, research nurses and staff, the heads and staff of the Family Cancer Clinics, and the Clinical Follow Up Study (which has received funding from the NHMRC, the National Breast Cancer Foundation, Cancer Australia, and the National Institute of Health (USA)) for their contributions to this resource, and the many families who contribute to kConFab; the investigators of the Australia New Zealand NRG Oncology group; members and participants in the Ontario Cancer Genetics Network; Kevin Sweet, Caroline Craven, Julia Cooper, Amber Aielts, and Michelle O’Conor; Christina Selkirk; Helena Jernström, Karin Henriksson, Katja Harbst, Maria Soller, Ulf Kristoffersson; from Gothenburg Sahlgrenska University Hospital: Anna Öfverholm, Margareta Nordling, Per Karlsson, Zakaria Einbeigi; from Stockholm and Karolinska University Hospital: Anna von Wachenfeldt, Annelie Liljegren, Annika Lindblom, Brita Arver, Gisela Barbany Bustinza; from Umeå University Hospital: Beatrice Melin, Christina Edwinsdotter Ardnor, Monica Emanuelsson; from Uppsala University: Hans Ehrencrona, Maritta Hellström Pigg, Richard Rosenquist; from Linköping University Hospital: Marie Stenmark-Askmalm, Sigrun Liedgren; Cecilia Zvocec, Qun Niu; Joyce Seldon and Lorna Kwan; Dr. Robert Nussbaum, Beth Crawford, Kate Loranger, Julie Mak, Nicola Stewart, Robin Lee, Amie Blanco and Peggy Conrad and Salina Chan; Carole Pye, Patricia Harrington and Eva Wozniak. OSUCCG thanks Kevin Sweet, Caroline Craven, Julia Cooper, Michelle O’Conor and Amber Aeilts. BCAC is funded by Cancer Research UK [C1287/A16563, C1287/A10118], the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant numbers 634935 and 633784 for BRIDGES and B-CAST respectively), and by the European Community´s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement number 223175 (grant number HEALTH-F2-2009-223175) (COGS). The EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme funding source had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or writing of the report. Genotyping of the OncoArray was funded by the NIH Grant U19 CA148065, and Cancer UK Grant C1287/A16563 and the PERSPECTIVE project supported by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant GPH-129344) and, the Ministère de l’Économie, Science et Innovation du Québec through Genome Québec and the PSRSIIRI-701 grant, and the Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation. The Australian Breast Cancer Family Study (ABCFS) was supported by grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute (USA). The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centers in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR), nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the USA Government or the BCFR. The ABCFS was also supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, the New South Wales Cancer Council, the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (Australia) and the Victorian Breast Cancer Research Consortium. J.L.H. is a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Senior Principal Research Fellow. M.C.S. is a NHMRC Senior Research Fellow. The ABCS study was supported by the Dutch Cancer Society [grants NKI 2007-3839; 2009 4363]. The Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank (ABCTB) was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, The Cancer Institute NSW and the National Breast Cancer Foundation. The AHS study is supported by the intramural research program of the National Institutes of Health, the National Cancer Institute (grant number Z01-CP010119), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grant number Z01-ES049030). The work of the BBCC was partly funded by ELAN-Fond of the University Hospital of Erlangen. The BBCS is funded by Cancer Research UK and Breast Cancer Now and acknowledges NHS funding to the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and the National Cancer Research Network (NCRN). The BCEES was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia and the Cancer Council Western Australia. For the BCFR-NY, BCFR-PA, BCFR-UT this work was supported by grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute. The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centers in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR), nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government or the BCFR. BCINIS study was funded by the BCRF (The Breast Cancer Research Foundation, USA). The BREast Oncology GAlician Network (BREOGAN) is funded by Acción Estratégica de Salud del Instituto de Salud Carlos III FIS PI12/02125/Cofinanciado FEDER; Acción Estratégica de Salud del Instituto de Salud Carlos III FIS Intrasalud (PI13/01136); Programa Grupos Emergentes, Cancer Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica Galicia Sur. Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Grant 10CSA012E, Consellería de Industria Programa Sectorial de Investigación Aplicada, PEME I + D e I + D Suma del Plan Gallego de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica de la Consellería de Industria de la Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Grant EC11-192. Fomento de la Investigación Clínica Independiente, Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, Spain; and Grant FEDER-Innterconecta. Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Xunta de Galicia, Spain. The BSUCH study was supported by the Dietmar-Hopp Foundation, the Helmholtz Society and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ). Sample collection and processing was funded in part by grants from the National Cancer Institute (NCI R01CA120120 and K24CA169004). CBCS is funded by the Canadian Cancer Society (grant # 313404) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. CCGP is supported by funding from the University of Crete. The CECILE study was supported by Fondation de France, Institut National du Cancer (INCa), Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR). The CGPS was supported by the Chief Physician Johan Boserup and Lise Boserup Fund, the Danish Medical Research Council, and Herlev and Gentofte Hospital. The American Cancer Society funds the creation, maintenance, and updating of the CPS-II cohort. The CTS was initially supported by the California Breast Cancer Act of 1993 and the California Breast Cancer Research Fund (contract 97-10500) and is currently funded through the National Institutes of Health (R01 CA77398, K05 CA136967, UM1 CA164917, and U01 CA199277). Collection of cancer incidence data was supported by the California Department of Public Health as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885. The University of Westminster curates the DietCompLyf database funded by Against Breast Cancer Registered Charity No. 1121258 and the NCRN. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by: Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany); the Hellenic Health Foundation, the Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada, PI13/01162 to EPIC-Murcia, Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020) (Spain); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom). The ESTHER study was supported by a grant from the Baden Württemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Arts. Additional cases were recruited in the context of the VERDI study, which was supported by a grant from the German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe). FHRISK is funded from NIHR grant PGfAR 0707-10031. The GC-HBOC (German Consortium of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer) is supported by the German Cancer Aid (grant no 110837, coordinator: Rita K. Schmutzler, Cologne). This work was also funded by the European Regional Development Fund and Free State of Saxony, Germany (LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, project numbers 713-241202, 713-241202, 14505/2470, 14575/2470). The GENICA was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Germany grants 01KW9975/5, 01KW9976/8, 01KW9977/0 and 01KW0114, the Robert Bosch Foundation, Stuttgart, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, the Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, as well as the Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany. The GEPARSIXTO study was conducted by the German Breast Group GmbH. The GESBC was supported by the Deutsche Krebshilfe e. V. [70492] and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ). The HABCS study was supported by the Claudia von Schilling Foundation for Breast Cancer Research, by the Lower Saxonian Cancer Society, and by the Rudolf Bartling Foundation. The HEBCS was financially supported by the Helsinki University Central Hospital Research Fund, Academy of Finland (266528), the Finnish Cancer Society, and the Sigrid Juselius Foundation. The HMBCS was supported by a grant from the German Research Foundation (Do 761/10-1). The HUBCS was supported by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Research and Education (RUS08/017), and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations for support the Bioresource collections and RFBR grants 14-04-97088, 17-29-06014 and 17-44-020498. E.K was supported by the program for support the bioresource collections №007-030164/2 and study was performed as part of the assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation (№АААА-А16-116020350032-1). Financial support for KARBAC was provided through the regional agreement on medical training and clinical research (ALF) between Stockholm County Council and Karolinska Institutet, the Swedish Cancer Society, The Gustav V Jubilee foundation and Bert von Kantzows foundation. The KARMA study was supported by Märit and Hans Rausings Initiative Against Breast Cancer. The KBCP was financially supported by the special Government Funding (EVO) of Kuopio University Hospital grants, Cancer Fund of North Savo, the Finnish Cancer Organizations, and by the strategic funding of the University of Eastern Finland. LMBC is supported by the ‘Stichting tegen Kanker’. DL is supported by the FWO. The MABCS study is funded by the Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D. Efremov” and supported by the German Academic Exchange Program, DAAD. The MARIE study was supported by the Deutsche Krebshilfe e.V. [70-2892-BR I, 106332, 108253, 108419, 110826, 110828], the Hamburg Cancer Society, the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Germany [01KH0402]. MBCSG is supported by grants from the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) and by funds from the Italian citizens who allocated the 5/1000 share of their tax payment in support of the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, according to Italian laws (INT-Institutional strategic projects “5 × 1000”). The MCBCS was supported by the NIH grants CA192393, CA116167, CA176785 an NIH Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer [CA116201], and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation and a generous gift from the David F. and Margaret T. Grohne Family Foundation. MCCS cohort recruitment was funded by VicHealth and Cancer Council Victoria. The MCCS was further supported by Australian NHMRC grants 209057 and 396414, and by infrastructure provided by Cancer Council Victoria. Cases and their vital status were ascertained through the Victorian Cancer Registry (VCR) and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), including the National Death Index and the Australian Cancer Database. The MEC was support by NIH grants CA63464, CA54281, CA098758, CA132839 and CA164973. The MISS study is supported by funding from ERC-2011-294576 Advanced grant, Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council, Local hospital funds, Berta Kamprad Foundation, Gunnar Nilsson. The MMHS study was supported by NIH grants CA97396, CA128931, CA116201, CA140286 and CA177150. MSKCC is supported by grants from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation and Robert and Kate Niehaus Clinical Cancer Genetics Initiative. The work of MTLGEBCS was supported by the Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research for the “CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer” program – grant # CRN-87521 and the Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade – grant # PSR-SIIRI-701. The NBHS was supported by NIH grant R01CA100374. Biological sample preparation was conducted the Survey and Biospecimen Shared Resource, which is supported by P30 CA68485. The Northern California Breast Cancer Family Registry (NC-BCFR) and Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry (OFBCR) were supported by grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute (USA). The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centers in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR), nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the USA Government or the BCFR. The Carolina Breast Cancer Study was funded by Komen Foundation, the National Cancer Institute (P50 CA058223, U54 CA156733, U01 CA179715), and the North Carolina University Cancer Research Fund. The NHS was supported by NIH grants P01 CA87969, UM1 CA186107, and U19 CA148065. The NHS2 was supported by NIH grants UM1 CA176726 and U19 CA148065. The ORIGO study was supported by the Dutch Cancer Society (RUL 1997-1505) and the Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRI-NL CP16). The PBCS was funded by Intramural Research Funds of the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, USA. Genotyping for PLCO was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, NCI, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics. The PLCO is supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and supported by contracts from the Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. The POSH study is funded by Cancer Research UK (grants C1275/A11699, C1275/C22524, C1275/A19187, C1275/A15956 and Breast Cancer Campaign 2010PR62, 2013PR044. PROCAS is funded from NIHR grant PGfAR 0707-10031. The RBCS was funded by the Dutch Cancer Society (DDHK 2004-3124, DDHK 2009-4318). SEARCH is funded by Cancer Research UK [C490/A10124, C490/A16561] and supported by the UK National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University of Cambridge. The University of Cambridge has received salary support for PDPP from the NHS in the East of England through the Clinical Academic Reserve. The Sister Study (SISTER) is supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES044005 and Z01-ES049033). The Two Sister Study (2SISTER) was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES044005 and Z01-ES102245), and, also by a grant from Susan G. Komen for the Cure, grant FAS0703856. SKKDKFZS is supported by the DKFZ. The SMC is funded by the Swedish Cancer Foundation and the Swedish Research Council [grant 2017-00644 for the Swedish Infrastructure for Medical Population-based Life-course Environmental Research (SIMPLER)]. The SZBCS is financially supported under the program of Minister of Science and Higher Education “Regional Initiative of Excellence” in years 2019-2022, Grant No 002/RID/2018/19. The TNBCC was supported by: a Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer (CA116201), a grant from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, a generous gift from the David F. and Margaret T. Grohne Family Foundation. The UCIBCS component of this research was supported by the NIH [CA58860, CA92044] and the Lon V Smith Foundation [LVS39420]. The UKBGS is funded by Breast Cancer Now and the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London. ICR acknowledges NHS funding to the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. The UKOPS study was funded by The Eve Appeal (The Oak Foundation) and supported by the National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre. The USRT Study was funded by Intramural Research Funds of the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, USA. CIMBA CIMBA: The CIMBA data management and data analysis were supported by Cancer Research – UK grants C12292/A20861, C12292/A11174. ACA is a Cancer Research -UK Senior Cancer Research Fellow. GCT and ABS are NHMRC Research Fellows. The PERSPECTIVE project was supported by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Ministry of Economy, Science and Innovation through Genome Québec, and The Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation. BCFR: UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute. The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centers in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR), nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government or the BCFR. BFBOCC: Lithuania (BFBOCC-LT): Research Council of Lithuania grant SEN-18/2015 and Nr. P-MIP-19-164. BIDMC: Breast Cancer Research Foundation. BMBSA: Cancer Association of South Africa (PI Elizabeth J. van Rensburg). CNIO: Spanish Ministry of Health PI16/00440 supported by FEDER funds, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) SAF2014-57680-R and the Spanish Research Network on Rare diseases (CIBERER). COH-CCGCRN: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under grant number R25CA112486, and RC4CA153828 (PI: J. Weitzel) from the National Cancer Institute and the Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. CONSIT TEAM: Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC; IG2014 no.15547) to P. Radice. Funds from Italian citizens who allocated the 5 × 1000 share of their tax payment in support of the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, according to Italian laws (INT-Institutional strategic projects ‘5 × 1000’) to S. Manoukian. UNIROMA1: Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC; grant no. 21389) to L. Ottini. DFKZ: German Cancer Research Center. EMBRACE: Cancer Research UK Grants C1287/A10118 and C1287/A11990. D. Gareth Evans and Fiona Lalloo are supported by an NIHR grant to the Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester (IS-BRC-1215-20007). The Investigators at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust are supported by an NIHR grant to the Biomedical Research Centre at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. Ros Eeles and Elizabeth Bancroft are supported by Cancer Research UK Grant C5047/A8385. Ros Eeles is also supported by NIHR support to the Biomedical Research Centre at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. FCCC: NIH/NCI grant P30-CA006927. The University of Kansas Cancer Center (P30 CA168524) and the Kansas Bioscience Authority Eminent Scholar Program. A.K.G. was funded by R0 1CA140323, R01 CA214545, and by the Chancellors Distinguished Chair in Biomedical Sciences Professorship. Ana Vega is supported by the Spanish Health Research Foundation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), partially supported by FEDER funds through Research Activity Intensification Program (contract grant numbers: INT15/00070, INT16/00154, INT17/00133), and through Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enferemdades Raras CIBERER (ACCI 2016: ER17P1AC7112/2018); Autonomous Government of Galicia (Consolidation and structuring program: IN607B), and by the Fundación Mutua Madrileña (call 2018). GC-HBOC: German Cancer Aid (grant no 110837, Rita K. Schmutzler) and the European Regional Development Fund and Free State of Saxony, Germany (LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, project numbers 713-241202, 713-241202, 14505/2470, 14575/2470). GEMO: Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer; the Association “Le cancer du sein, parlons-en!” Award, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research for the “CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer” program, the French National Institute of Cancer (INCa) (grants AOR 01 082, 2013-1-BCB-01-ICH-1 and SHS-E-SP 18-015) and the Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer (grant PJA 20151203365). GEORGETOWN: the Survey, Recruitment and Biospecimen Shared Resource at Georgetown University (NIH/NCI grant P30-CA051008) and the Fisher Center for Hereditary Cancer and Clinical Genomics Research. HCSC: Spanish Ministry of Health PI15/00059, PI16/01292, and CB-161200301 CIBERONC from ISCIII (Spain), partially supported by European Regional Development FEDER funds. HEBCS: Helsinki University Hospital Research Fund, Academy of Finland (266528), the Finnish Cancer Society and the Sigrid Juselius Foundation. HEBON: the Dutch Cancer Society grants NKI1998-1854, NKI2004-3088, NKI2007-3756, the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research grant NWO 91109024, the Pink Ribbon grants 110005 and 2014-187.WO76, the BBMRI grant NWO 184.021.007/CP46 and the Transcan grant JTC 2012 Cancer 12-054. HUNBOCS: Hungarian Research Grants KTIA-OTKA CK-80745 and NKFI_OTKA K-112228. HVH (University Hospital Vall d’Hebron) This work was supported by Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) funding, an initiative of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation partially supported by European Regional Development FEDER Funds: FIS PI12/02585 and PI15/00355. ICO: The authors would like to particularly acknowledge the support of the Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (organismo adscrito al Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) and “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), una manera de hacer Europa” (PI10/01422, PI13/00285, PIE13/00022, PI15/00854, PI16/00563, P18/01029, and CIBERONC) and the Institut Català de la Salut and Autonomous Government of Catalonia (2009SGR290, 2014SGR338, 2017SGR449, and PERIS Project MedPerCan), and CERCA program. IHCC: PBZ_KBN_122/P05/2004. ILUH: Icelandic Association “Walking for Breast Cancer Research” and by the Landspitali University Hospital Research Fund. INHERIT: Canadian Institutes of Health Research for the “CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer” program – grant # CRN-87521 and the Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade – grant # PSR-SIIRI-701. IOVHBOCS: Ministero della Salute and “5 × 1000” Istituto Oncologico Veneto grant. IPOBCS: Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro. kConFab: The National Breast Cancer Foundation, and previously by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), the Queensland Cancer Fund, the Cancer Councils of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia, and the Cancer Foundation of Western Australia. MAYO: NIH grants CA116167, CA192393 and CA176785, an NCI Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer (CA116201), and a grant from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. MCGILL: Jewish General Hospital Weekend to End Breast Cancer, Quebec Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade. Marc Tischkowitz is supported by the funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Program (2007Y2013)/European Research Council (Grant No. 310018). MSKCC: the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the Robert and Kate Niehaus Clinical Cancer Genetics Initiative, the Andrew Sabin Research Fund and a Cancer Center Support Grant/Core Grant (P30 CA008748). NCI: the Intramural Research Program of the US National Cancer Institute, NIH, and by support services contracts NO2-CP-11019-50, N02-CP-21013-63 and N02-CP-65504 with Westat, Inc, Rockville, MD. NNPIO: the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 17-54-12007, 17-00-00171 and 18-515-45012). NRG Oncology: U10 CA180868, NRG SDMC grant U10 CA180822, NRG Administrative Office and the NRG Tissue Bank (CA 27469), the NRG Statistical and Data Center (CA 37517) and the Intramural Research Program, NCI. OSUCCG: was funded by the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center. PBCS: Italian Association of Cancer Research (AIRC) [IG 2013 N.14477] and Tuscany Institute for Tumors (ITT) grant 2014-2015-2016. SMC: the Israeli Cancer Association. SWE-BRCA: the Swedish Cancer Society. UCHICAGO: NCI Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer (CA125183), R01 CA142996, 1U01CA161032 and by the Ralph and Marion Falk Medical Research Trust, the Entertainment Industry Fund National Women’s Cancer Research Alliance and the Breast Cancer research Foundation. UCSF: UCSF Cancer Risk Program and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center. UKFOCR: Cancer Researc h UK. UPENN: National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01-CA102776 and R01-CA083855; Breast Cancer Research Foundation; Susan G. Komen Foundation for the cure, Basser Research Center for BRCA. UPITT/MWH: Hackers for Hope Pittsburgh. VFCTG: Victorian Cancer Agency, Cancer Australia, National Breast Cancer Foundation. WCP: Dr Karlan is funded by the American Cancer Society Early Detection Professorship (SIOP-06-258-01-COUN) and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Grant UL1TR000124.
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