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Objective: When asthma and pregnancy coexist, the mother may be severely affected. One of the main reasons for this situation is that it is positively correlated with especially increased oxidative stress due to the co-occurrence of asthma and pregnancy. Even pregnancy alone increases oxidative stress in the body, and with the addition of asthma, an increased chain of events is added. In this sense, diet and nutrition styles can be considered as factors that regulate both events in a controlled way. Increasing anti-oxidant intake in the diet can play a leading role in eliminating the increased Reactive oxygen species; thus, this negative effect in asthma and pregnancy can be alleviated. Studies on the protective role of antioxidants in asthma are limited, but not few. The aim of this study was to reveal the strength of the effects of thymoquinone (TQ) and carob powder administration, which are known to have two different strong antioxidant effects during pregnancy, on the oxidative event in the mother with the diet management strategies. Methods: In this study, it was tried to improve the asthmatic pregnant rat and to determine the direction of oxidant-antioxidant balance with a holistic antioxidant complex Female rats were divided into 3 groups: asthmatic pregnant group (1) sensitized via an intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) with alum on days 0 and 14 and exposed to aerosolized OVA 3 days over the subsequent 1 week then coupled with male rats to get pregnant; asthmatic pregnant with TQ and carob (CS) group (2) sensitized as above then administered each of TQ and CS on the last 5 days of pregnancy; and asthmatic pregnant with dexamethasone group (3) sensitized as above then received dexamethasone by intraperitoneal injection on last 5 days of pregnancy. Results: The co-administration of TQ and CS decreased malondialdehyde levels, increased nitric oxide, ascorbic acid, and glutathione levels in lung tissue. In addition, the levels of some proinflammatory cytokines were decreased in the serum. The cumulative protective effects of TQ and CS were successful in reducing inflammation in the lungs. Conclusion: The administration of TQ and CS may be considered as a candidate for a new herbal blend or adjuvant for asthmatic pregnant, given the side effects of cortisol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Current Research in Dental Sciences is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Chrysin (Chr) is a flavonoid with many biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiautophagic. The effects of Chr on autophagy, oxidative stress and inflammation was investigated in rats with kidney ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Material and Method: Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: Sham, I/R, Chr25mg/kg+I/R, Chr50mg/kg+I/R and Chr100mg/kg+I/R. The rats except sham group were give different doses of Chr and underwent bilateral kidney ischemia for 45 minutes on the 14th day then reperfusion for 24 hours. BUN, creatinine, oxidative stress parameters and cytokines levels were measured biochemically. Beclin-1 and LC-3II levels in left kidney tissues were determined immunohistochemically. Results: The low and medium doses of Chr decreased BUN, SOD, GSH and TAS, but also increased MDA and TOS levels. Histopathological findings showed a significant decrease in the Chr25mg/kg+I/R and Chr50mg/kg+I/R groups. LC-3II and Beclin-1 immunoreactivity were higher in I/R and Chr100mg/kg+I/R when compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Administration of low and medium doses of Chr was protective against damage via suppressing autophagy. In addition, low and moderate doses of Chr administration before ischemia also protected the tissues against oxidative damage and inflammation, while high-doses of Chr caused damage similar to I/R in the kidney tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacilik Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the treatment methods employed in symptomatic cholelithiasis cases, and pneumoperitoneum has been shown to increase oxidative stress. Our aim is to compare propofol and thiopental in terms of their effects on oxidative stress parameters in laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases. Materials and Methods: After obtaining Ethics Committee permission, patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into thiopental and propofol groups according to the agent used for anesthesia induction in the randomized and prospective study. Serum oxidative stress parameters levels were measured in all patients twice before induction of general anesthesia and at the 30th minute postoperatively. Results: When comparing the preoperative period with the postoperative period, total antioxidant status (TAS) levels increased statistically significantly in the propofol group (preoperatively 1.21±0.21 mmolH2O2/L, postoperatively 1.31±0.18 mmolH2O2/L, p<0.001) compared to the thiopental group (preoperatively 1.23±0.14 mmolH2O2/L, postoperatively 1.27±0.14 mmolH2O2/L, p=0.055). arylesterase (ARES), serum native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels decreased statistically significantly in both groups. While Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) level did not change in the propofol group, it decreased in the thiopental group. Conclusion: We concluded that propofol had a significantly greater oxidative stress reduction effect than thiopental. By increasing the TAS levels, propofol may have a more positive effect on oxidative stress than thiopental. However, neither propofol nor thiopental have oxidative stressreducing effects on other oxidative stress parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu çalışma, fenolik asit içeren doğal bitkisel bileşik olan sinapik asidin (SA), erkek ratlarda kurşun (Pb) kaynaklı dalak toksisitesine karşı etkilerini incelemeyi amaçladı. Dalak toksisitesi, ratların 7 gün boyunca sadece Pb ya da Pb ile kombinasyon halinde SA’nın oral tedavisini takiben değerlendirildi. Doku malondialdehit (MDA) seviyeleri, glutatyon (GSH) seviyeleri, glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx), süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) ve katalaz (KAT) aktiviteleri biyokimyasal olarak belirlendi. Dalak dokusunda Pb uygulanan grupta MDA düzeyi artarken, GSH seviyeleri ve GPx, SOD, KAT aktiviteleri azaldı. Pb ve SA’nın birlikte uygulanmasının MDA düzeyini azalttığı, GSH seviyeleri ve GPx, SOD, KAT aktivitelerini arttırdığı gözlemlendi. Ayrıca Pb'nin NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, Beklin-1 ve kaspaz-3 seviyelerini önemli ölçüde artırdığını gösterdi. Kontrol ve Pb grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında ise, SA tedavisinin NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, Beklin-1 ve kaspaz-3 seviyelerini önemli ölçüde azalttığı belirlendi. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada SA'nın Pb kaynaklı dalak hasarına karşı koruyucu özelliğe sahip olduğu belirlendi.

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Animal Science & Economics is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pamukkale Medical Journal is the property of Pamukkale Journal of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pamukkale Medical Journal is the property of Pamukkale Journal of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Online Turkish Journal of Health Sciences (OTJHS) / Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Oguz KARABAY and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various astaxanthin (ATX) doses on oxidative damage and autophagy in renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury-modeled rats. Methods: The rats were divided into five groups: sham group (n=8), I/R (n=8), I/R + 5 mg/kg ATX (n=8), I/R + 10 mg/kg ATX (n=8), and I/R + 25 mg/kg ATX (n=8) groups. ATX was dissolved in 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 25 mg/kg olive oil for 7 days and administered to the rats in the experimental group. Sham and I/R groups were also administered ATX solution (olive oil) via oral gavage for 7 days. Renal ischemia reperfusion was induced in all rats except the sham group after the last dose was administered on the 7th day. Reperfusion was conducted for 24 hours after 45 minutes of ischemia. Results: Blood samples were collected, and kidney tissue were incised for biochemical and histological analyses. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were significantly lower in the I/R group than in the sham group (p<0.05), whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) values were higher (p<0.05). It was determined that SOD and TAS increased and MDA and TOS decreased in the ATXadministration groups compared with the I/R group, independent of the dose (p<0.05). In the 25 mg/kg ATX + I/R group, Beclin-1 and LC3ß immunoreactivities were significantly higher than those in the other groups (p<0.05). The lowest p62 immunoreactivity was observed in the 25 mg/kg ATX + I/R group. Conclusions: ATX had a protective effect on kidney function and against oxidative damage. Furthermore, high-dose ATX administration protected kidney tissue via autophagy induction in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Journal of Medicine is the property of Ege University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Diabetes is a chronic disease that causes the development of microalbuminuria. CoQlO deficiency is common in people with type 2 diabetes. This study aims to evaluate whether coenzyme Q10 (CoQlO) levels are a risk factor for diabetes and microalbuminuria in newly diagnosed diabetes and advanced microalbuminuria. Material and Method: The study was conducted with patients who came to the internal medicine outpatient clinic. Plasma CoQlO and malondialdehyde (MDA) values of 90 people in total, including 30 people in each group, newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes (Group D), diabetes mellitus with microalbuminuria (Group M), and the control group (Group C) were examined. Results: There was no difference between plasma CoQlO and MDA levels of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and those with microalbuminuria (p>0.05). There was a negative correlation between CoQlO and fasting glucose and HbAlc in all groups (p<0.05). A positive correlation was observed between CoQlO and MDA (p<0.05). CoQlO level of the control group was found to be higher than Group D and M (p<0.05); the difference between Group M and Group D was not significant (p>0.05). As a result of regression analysis, increasing the CoQlO value was found to have a protective effect on the risk of diabetes (95 %CI: p=0.005). Conclusion: This study showed that individuals with low blood sugar and HbAlc had high CoQlO levels. We think that CoQlO can be considered a risk factor for diabetes, and further studies examining total CoQlO and ubiquinol/ubiquinone ratio would be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research in Agricultural Sciences is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aimed to find new serum biochemistry parameters, especially for the early identification of severe AP. In the study serum cytokine levels (TNF-A, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-21), biochemical parameters (Aquaporin-1, Hepcidine, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Nitric Oxide, C-Reactive protein), and oxidative stress parameters analysis were performed. Method: A total of 46 patients with AP and 46 healthy controls were included in this study. Serum cytokine levels, biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters by the ELISA method, and CRP by the immunoturbidimetric method were measured. Results: When patients with AP and control groups were compared, all studied parameters were found to be statistically significant (p0.05). Therefore, the Mann-Whitney U test, which is a non-parametric test, was found suitable to determine whether there was a significant difference between the patient and control groups. Conclusions: Investigating the role of cytokines, oxidative stress and other biochemical parameters in the pathogenesis and course of the disease may contribute to a better understanding of the disease process and its therapeutic value. It showed a significant increase in oxidative stress parameters and biochemical parameters such as aquaporin-1, hepcidin, lipase, and amylase, which may help in the diagnosis of AP.

Doxorubicin (DOX) and other anthracyclines are potent chemotherapy drugs used against cancer; however, their clinical application is linked to significant and potentially life-threatening cardiotoxicity. Despite extensive research over many years, the available treatment choices are still constrained. DOX is typically believed to primarily affect mitochondria, and the characteristic feature of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study was designed to explore the protective effects of esculetin against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats, considering its known properties. Cardiotoxicity was induced by administering DOX via intraperitoneal injection at a weekly dosage of 5 mg/kg body weight for two consecutive weeks. Rats receiving DOX injections were simultaneously supplemented with esculetin at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight through intraperitoneal administration over the same period. The investigation, oxidative stress enzymes in heart tissue employed biochemical and molecular methods. Enzyme activities and expression levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed in heart tissues.Intoxication with DOX resulted in a reduction in antioxidant status, affecting CAT and GPx and SOD. Both enzyme activity and mRNA expression decreased in the DOX group. There was an increase in DOX and esculetin combined groups. The present study proposes that DOX-induced detrimental effects on heart tissue are potentially mitigated by esculetin via modulation of oxidative stress.

Objective: Chronic stress is a factor that affects organs/tissues and disrupts homeostasis. This condition can lead to increased oxidative stress, which damages cellular components. Antioxidants attempt to prevent this damage by neutralizing free radicals. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic mild stress on the levels of Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and liver tissue. Material and Method: In our study, 16 Wistar albino rats were divided into control and experimental groups. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model protocol was employed. The levels of CAT, SOD, GPx, and MDA in serum and liver tissue were measured using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay method. Result: Upon comparison of serum CAT, SOD, GPx, and MDA levels, no statistically significant difference was observed between the control and stress groups (p>0.05). However, when comparing CAT, SOD, GPx, and MDA levels in the liver tissue, a significant increase in the levels of antioxidant enzymes was noted in the stress group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Under chronic stress, liver tissue's antioxidant levels appear to increase. We believe our study may contribute to understanding the connection between stress, free radicals, and antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Atractylenolide III (ATR III) is known for its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ATR III on neuronal damage in temporal epileptic rats caused by kainic acid. Materials and Methods: 16-week-old Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups; control (C, n=8), kainic acid (KA, n=8), ATR III+ kainic acid (KA+ATR, n=8). After 21 days of injections of kainic acid, learning, and memory behavior, anxiety, and locomotor activity were evaluated. Neuron morphologies in the hippocampus were examined, the total number of neurons, and the number of degenerated neurons were determined, and the thickness of these regions was also measured. Changes in biochemical parameters such as MDA, SOD, GSHPx, AChE, and CAT were investigated to detect oxidative stress in the brain. Results: There was no significant difference in the learning and memory function and locomotor activity. However, KA increased anxiety behavior without any effect of ATR III (closed arm duration, 244.90±25.17). There was no degeneration in the neurons of the control group. In the KA group, there was an increase in the number of degenerated neurons. In this group, the thicknesses in CA1, CA3, and DG regions were 37.39±1.90, 45.64±6.26 and 46.02±5.72 µm, respectively. In the ATR III+KA group, there were fewer degenerated neurons, less thinning of the hippocampus, and a higher number of normal neurons compared to the KA group. In this group, CA1, CA3, and DG thicknesses were calculated as 36.05±4.13, 47.09±7.09 and 43.07±5.91 µm, respectively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that ATR III may have the potential as a therapeutic agent for reducing neuronal damage in temporal epilepsy. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and evaluate the clinical implications of ATR III in the treatment of epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Due to the diverse biological activities attributed to its antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties, cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy3G) has been widely studied. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Cy3G supplementation on redox balance disruption during acute exercise. Materials and Methods: To this end, 28 male Balb-C mice were divided into four groups: control, exercise, Cy3G, and exercise+Cy3G. During the experimental period, the mice in the Cy3G and exercise+Cy3G groups were administered 5 mg of Cy3G per kg of body weight, while the control and exercise groups were fed standard chow. The mice were trained on treadmill for 10 min every day at speed of 10 m/min for 2 weeks. On the 15th day, an acute exhaustion exercise was applied. Then, all groups were sacrificed, and serum samples were taken to analyze the native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, and thiol-disulfide indices. Results: The findings showed that the combination of Cy3G and exercise significantly increased native thiol levels and decreased disulfide levels compared to the other groups. However, it did not cause any change in total thiol levels. Native thiol were measured as 114.6±64.1, 106.4 ±57.9, 200.1±84.2, 262.1±105.9; Disulfide were determined as 253.2±71.6, 257.4±31.5, 213.8±44.8 and 188.4±32.2; Total thiol were 621.1±116.1, 621.2±100.1, 627.7±125.8 and 639.0±105.3 (respectively; control, exercise, Cy3G, and exercise+Cy3G). Conclusion: Cy3G supplementation can potentially maintain redox balance during acute exercise by supporting antioxidant defense systems and reducing oxidative stress. The use of Cy3G may have a positive effect on preventing exercise-induced oxidative stress and acute fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a wide-spectrum antibiotic used for chemotherapy. Its side effects limit treatment. Crocin is one of the carotenoids that has both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. We aimed to evaluate the effects of crocin against doxorubicin-induced testicular damage in rats. Materials and Methods: Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group 1: Control, Group 2: Crocin, Group 3: DOX, Group 4: DOX+Crocin (n=10, for all). Testis tissues were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. The diameters of seminiferous tubules were measured and the testicular mean histopathologic damage score (MHDS) was calculated. Vimentin expression in Sertoli cells was calculated as H-Score. Levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in testis tissues. Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and Total Oxidant Status (TOS) were also calculated. Results: Atrophic seminiferous tubules were seen in the DOX group. Edema, vacuolization, and disorganization were present in the injured tubules. The MHDSs for the DOX group and control groups were 4.60±0.45 and 0.20±0.13, respectively. Both of these groups showed a significant difference. The histopathologic score was reduced after using crocin. Tubule damage considerably decreased while immunoexpression levels of vimentin and seminiferous tubule width significantly increased in the DOX+Crocin group compared to the DOX group. MDA and TOS levels were significantly increased after DOX treatment, and GSH, SOD, CAT, and TAS levels were significantly decreased. All biochemical indicators were greatly improved after receiving crocin. Conclusion: Crocin supplementation exhibited adequate beneficial effects against the testicular damage of DOXinduced function by balancing the oxidant/antioxidant status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to find new serum biochemistry parameters, especially for the early identification of severe Acute Pancreatitis (AP). In the study, serum cytokine levels (TNF-A, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-21), biochemical parameters (Aquaporin-1, Hepcidine, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Nitric Oxide, C-Reactive protein) and oxidative stress parameters analysis were performed. Method: A total of 46 patients with AP and 46 healthy controls were included in this study. Serum cytokine levels, biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters by the ELISA method and CRP by the immunoturbidimetric method were measured. Results: When patients with AP and control groups were compared, all studied parameters were found statistically significant (p<0.05). However, IL-1 was insignificant (p>0.05). Therefore, the Mann-Whitney U test, which is a non-parametric test, was deemed appropriate to determine whether there was a significant difference between the patient and control groups. Conclusions: Investigating the role of cytokines, oxidative stress and other biochemical parameters in the pathogenesis and course of the disease may contribute to a better understanding of the disease process and its therapeutic value. It showed a significant increase in oxidative stress parameters and biochemical parameters such as aquaporin-1, hepcidin, lipase, and amylase, which may help in the diagnosis of AP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Istanbul Gelisim University Journal of Health Sciences / İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Gelisim Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Yuksekokulu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kocatepe Veterinary Journal / Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The main aim of this study was to investigate the differences in maternal serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis among women with abortion imminens (AI), missed abortion (MA), and healthy pregnancies during the first trimester. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective case-control study. This study was conducted on pregnant women who visited the Obstetrics Clinic at University of Health Sciences Turkey, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Gynecology Training and Research Hospital and were diagnosed with either AI or MA during the 6th to 14th weeks of pregnancy. The participants had a normal pregnancy follow-up, no chronic illnesses, and did not take any multivitamin or antioxidant supplements except for folic acid. The study incorporated 33 pregnant women with AI, 36 with MA, and 40 with normal pregnancies. Age, and body mass index were matched across the three groups. This study used a recently developed automated spectrophotometric technique to quantify thiol/disulfide concentrations. Results: The AI group had considerably elevated levels of total thiol and native thiol (SH) compared with the MA group. Nevertheless, there was no notable disparity observed between the group of healthy pregnancies and the other two groups. Serum disulfide (SS) levels did not exhibit any significant variations among the three groups. Similarly, the ratios of SS/SH, SS/total thiol, and SH/total thiol did not show any significant differences between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Patients with MA had decreased levels of total thiol and SH, which possess antioxidant capabilities, compared to the AI group. A decrease in antioxidant levels in the body may contribute to the etiology of MA. When considering our findings alongside existing literature, it remains inconclusive whether the serum thiol-disulfide ratio can predict a healthy pregnancy or MA following AI. Therefore, it is not yet seen as a promising diagnostic tool for assessing pregnancy viability. Additional investigation is required to establish the influence of dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis on early pregnancy loss. Amaç: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, ilk trimester abortus imminens (AI), düşük ve sağlıklı gebeliği olan kadınlarda anne serumu tiyol/disülfit dengesindeki farklılıkları incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Kadın Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kadın Doğum Kliniği'ne başvuran, 6 ile 14. haftalar arasında AI veya düşük tanısı almış, normal gebelik süreci geçiren, kronik hastalığı bulunmayan ve folik asit dışında herhangi bir multivitamin veya antioksidan takviyesi kullanmayan hamile kadınları içeren prospektif bir çalışmadır. Çalışma, 33 AI, 36 düşük tanısı konmuş ve 40 normal gebelik olgusunu kapsamaktadır. Katılımcıların yaş, ve vücut kitle indeksi her üç grup arasında eşitlenmiştir. Tiyol/disülfit seviyeleri, yeni geliştirilmiş bir otomatik spektrofotometrik yöntemle ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: AI grubunda, düşük grubuna göre anlamlı derecede yüksek olan toplam tiyol ve doğal tiyol (SH) seviyeleri saptanmıştır. Ancak, sağlıklı gebelik gösteren grup ile diğer iki grup arasında belirgin bir fark bulunmamıştır. Serum disülfit (SS) düzeyleri üç grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemiştir. Ayrıca, SS/SH, SS/toplam tiyol ve SH/toplam tiyol oranları gruplar arasında önemli bir fark göstermemiştir (p>0,05). Sonuç: Düşük olgularında AI grubuna kıyasla düşük toplam tiyol ve SH seviyeleri gözlemlenmiştir; her ikisi de antioksidan özelliklere sahiptir. Vücuttaki antioksidan seviyelerindeki azalma, düşüğün etiyolojisine katkıda bulunabilir. Bulgularımızı mevcut literatürle birleştirdiğimizde, serum tiyol-disülfit oranının AI sonrasında sağlıklı bir gebeliği ya da düşüğü öngörüp öngöremeyeceği konusunda kesin bir sonuca varılamamıştır. Dolayısıyla, gebeliğin sağlıklı ilerleyip ilerlemeyeceğini değerlendirmede umut verici bir tanı aracı olarak görülmemektedir. Erken gebelik kaybında dinamik tiyol/disülfit homeostazının etkisini göstermek için ek araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quercetin (QU) is a flavonoid found in different fruits and vegetables. Studies report that QU may have positive effects on neurological diseases. However, the effect of QU on 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-induced neurodegeneration in neuronal cells is still not fully elucidated. In this study, the effects of QU on 4-AP-induced hippocampal neuron damage in vitro and the possible role of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in this effect were investigated. The study was carried out using the HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cell line. The effect of pre-treatment with QU on cell viability after 4-AP-induced neuronal damage was determined by the XTT test. Cells were evaluated histopathologically for apoptotic nuclear change (ANC) using DAPI staining. The effects of QU on oxidative stress (total oxidant state (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS)) occurring after neuronal damage were evaluated with colorimetric commercial kits and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers (activating transcription factor 4 (ATF-4) and C/EBP homologous protein). (CHOP) was measured with the ELISA kits. While the cell viability rate decreased in the cells treated with 4-AP, it was determined that pre-treatment with QU reversed this situation. In terms of histopathology, treatment with 4-AP increased the number of ANC, while QU pre-treatment reduced it. In addition, in terms of biochemical evaluations, TOS, ATF-4, and CHOP increased in neuronal cells after 4-AP, and QU was determined to suppress this increase. In addition, QU normalized the decreased TAS levels following the 4-AP application. As a result, in the HT-22 cell line, it was found that QU treatment had a neuroprotective effect by suppressing oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in 4-AP-induced neuronal damage.

Günümüzde kullanılan birçok terapötik ilaç kaynağını şifalı bitkilere borçludur. Her bitkinin kendine özgü aktivitesi ve biyokimyasal profili vardır. Bu çalışmada günlük hayatta oldukça iyi bilinen üç farklı bitki türü; Helianthus tuberosus, Zingiber officinale ve Raphanus sativus var. niger kullanıldı. İlk defa yapılan bu çalışmada antioksidan aktivite tayini sınırlı olan üç farklı bitki seçilmiş ve aktioksidan kapasiteleri karşılaştırılmıştır. H. tuberosus, Z. officinale ve R. sativus var. niger bitkilerinin gövde kısımları %1.15 potasyum klor ile homojenize edilerek ekstraklar hazırlandı. Daha sonra antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri katalaz (CAT) ve süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) ile oksidatif stres belirteci olan malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyleri spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle saptandı. Araştırma sonucunda en yüksek SOD enzim aktivitesi R. sativus var. niger bitkisinde görülürken, en yüksek CAT enzim aktivitesi ise Z. officinale bitkisinde gözlendi. Öte yandan yer elması bitki ekstraktında MDA düzeyi en yüksek iken, en düşük MDA düzeyi ise Z. officinale bitkisinde gözlenmiştir.

Objective: This study was conducted to explore the impact of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, on binge ethanol (EtOH)-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation in rats. Material and Method: To examine the potential protective effect of DMF against EtOH-induced hepatic damage, rats were divided into four groups control, DMF, EtOH, and DMF+EtOH. Rats were administered EtOH (4.5 g/kg orally, 3 doses with 12-h intervals). DMF (30 mg/kg; gavage) was applied to rats one hour before each application of EtOH in the DMF+EtOH group. Serum markers of liver damage, triglyceride (TG), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), lipid and protein oxidation products, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and antioxidant enzymes together with histopathological examinations were performed in liver tissue. Protein expressions associated with antioxidant mechanism (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor; Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1; HO-1), lipid metabolism (sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c; SREBP-1c and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha; PPAR-α), oxidative stress (cytochrome P4502E1; CYP2E1), and inflammation (nuclear factor-kappa B; NF-κB) were also investigated in the rats’ livers. Result: DMF reduced elevated levels of serum markers of liver damage and hepatic TG, TNF-α and reactive oxygen species levels, lipid and protein oxidation products, and MPO activity together with the alleviation of histopathological lesions in EtOH-treated rats. Increased Nrf2 and HO-1 and decreased SREBP-1c and CYP2E1 expressions were also detected in the DMF+EtOH group compared with the EtOH group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that DMF may provide a protective effect against EtOH-induced hepatic lesions. These outcomes may be linked to the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-lipogenic potential of DMF-induced Nrf2 activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the oxidative stress status between the patients with mucopolysaccharidosis who received and did not receive enzyme replacement therapy and healthy control group. Material and Methods: A retrospective study of mucopolysaccharidosis patients with analysis of the total oxidant and antioxidant capacity levels. Results: We included 29 mucopolysaccharidosis patients aged between 1-18 years and 50 healthy children. Total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant capacity parameters between this patients and healthy control group were compared. The median age of the patients who were included in the study was 9.0 years and the median age of the cases included in the control group was 8.0 years. Total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant capacity and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) values did not differ significantly in patients receiving enzyme replacement therapy compared to patients who did not receive enzyme replacement therapy. A comparison of the oxidant and antioxidant system parameters between the patient and control groups revealed a distinct difference, with the control group exhibiting a considerably higher total antioxidant capacity than mucopolysaccharidosis patients, and the patient group showing a significantly higher total oxidant capacity and OSI. Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that the antioxidant defence system decreased in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses. It is thought that, in addition to standard treatments, the administration of antioxidant treatments and supporting nutrition in mucopolysaccharidosis patients will increase the quality of life of the patients. Regular sleep, eating healthy foods and doing regular exercise would also increase the effectiveness of these supplements [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cardiac syndrome X (CSX) is used to define patients with ischemic chest pain and normal coronary arteries, as revealed by angiography. The etiology of CSX may be associated with extensive coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. We aimed to simultaneously investigate the relationships of serum vitamin D levels with oxidative stress, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and systemic inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin ratio in CSX patients. Material and Methods: The present study group included 52 consecutive symptomatic patients diagnosed with CSX and 42 healthy controls. Serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, vitamin D, CRP, serum advanced oxidation protein product, and Ferric reducing ability of plasma levels were measured. The CRP/albumin ratio was determined. The AIP was calculated as log (triglyceride/HDL-C). Results: Patients with CSX had decreased vitamin D levels [11.2 (IQR: 6.3) ng/mL vs. 14.8 (IQR: 6.4) ng/mL; p=0.05] and higher CRP/albumin ratios [1.42 (0.84) vs. 1.01 (0.36); p=0.01] and similar AIP (0.11±0.30 vs. 0.14±0.29; p=0.76) compared to the control group. There was a weak negative correlation between vitamin D and CRP/albumin ratio (r=-0.23, p=0.03) levels. Conclusion: The reduction of vitamin D levels and systemic inflammation may play a role in the development of CSX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although astaxanthin (ASX) is one of the most studied antioxidant molecules, its curative effect against ovarian damage caused by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has not been demonstrated to date. It was therefore aimed to investigate whether ASX is therapeutic against 5-FU-induced ovotoxicity in this study. Rats were first exposed to 5-FU (100 mg/kg) and then treated ASX (250 µg/kg) for three days. Oxidative stress (OS), inflammation and apoptosis markers were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Ovarian tissues were also evaluated histologically. The levels of OS, inflammation and apoptosis biomarkers increased by 5-FU administration (p<0.05). Treatment with ASX significantly alleviated these markers (p<0.05). These findings reveal that ASX may exert an ovoprotective effect by reducing pro-inflammatory mediators and enhancing antioxidant status in ovarian tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and complications that include micro and macrovascular disease. Nrf2 and its endogenous inhibitor, Keap1, function as a ubiquitous, evolutionarily conserved intracellular defense mechanism to counteract oxidative stress. Sequestered by cytoplasmic Keap1 and targeted to proteasomal degradation in basal conditions, in case of oxidative stress Nrf2 detaches from Keap1 and translocates to the nucleus, where it heterodimerizes with one of the small Maf proteins. Oxidative stress is the major pathogenic factor in diabetes and is mediated by Nrf2, a master regulator of the antioxidant protection response. Nrf2-induced antioxidant metabolic pathways include enzymes for the production, utilization, and regeneration of reduced glutathione (GSH). The Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway can effectively suppress intracellular ROS overproduction and protect pancreatic β-cells from oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, contributing to the suppression of T1DM development. However, inhibition of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway significantly promoted the progression of T1DM. It has been suggested that Nrf2-related epigenetic changes reduce the occurrence and progression of diabetic complications by inhibiting oxidative stress. Various antioxidants such as A, E, and C vitamins, carotenoids, and minerals like zinc, manganese, copper, iron, and selenium are essential for the activity of Nrf2 also the natural antioxidants such as curcumin and flavonoids found in vegetables, fruits, and edible herbs also play an important role in activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. In this review, we summarize the role of oxidative stress in diabetic pathogenesis and the role of antioxidants in the regulation of Nrf2 in the treatment of diabetic mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of Vitis vinifera L. seed extract against reproductive damage induced by thallium sulfate in rats. For this purpose, a total of 24 male rats, 6 rats in each group, were used for the study. In the control group, the rats were given 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose followed by physiological saline. In the thallium sulfate group, the rats were given thallium sulfate (10 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. In thallium sulfate + Vitis vinifera L. extract groups, The rats were administered thallium sulfate (10 mg/kg/intraperitoneal) + Vitis vinifera L. extract (100 mg/kg) peros. In Vitis vinifera L. extract group, the rats were given Vitis vinifera L. extract (100 mg/kg) peros. After the experimental process was finished, the rats were sacrificed and the blood and testicular tissues were taken. The results of our study found that the malondialdehyde level in the blood and testicular tissues of the thallium sulfate group was statistically higher than the other experimental groups (P < .05). Catalase, glutathione peroxidase activity, and glutathione level were the lowest in the thallium sulfate group (P < .05). In the histopathological examination, necrotic and degenerative findings are seen in the thallium sulfate group. Cleaved caspase-3 was strongly expressed in seminiferous tubules in the thallium sulfate group, but cleaved caspase-3 level was inhibited in thallium sulfate + Vitis vinifera L. extract group. Total motility value was found to be lower in the thallium sulfate group compared to the other experimental groups (P < .05). As a result, the biochemical, histopathological, and spermatological effects of Vitis vinifera L. extract administered as a peros against the deteriorated physiological functions in rats given thallium sulfate were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Son çalışmalar, astaksantinin merkezi sinir sistemi üzerinde koruyucu etkilere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak, astaksantinin hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) ile indüklenen oksidatif hasar üzerindeki etkileri ve apoptotik ile enflamatuar sistemlerle etkileşimi hala belirsizdir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma astaksantinin H2O2 ile indüklenen oksidatif stres sonrası glial hücre hasarı üzerindeki koruyucu etkisini ve bunda enflamatuar ve apoptotik yollarla etkileşimini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada C6 glioma hücreleri kullanıldı. H2O2 grubundaki hücreler H2O2 ile 24 saat boyunca inkübe edildi. Astaksantin grubundaki hücreler farklı konsantrasyonlarda astaksantin ile 24 saat boyunca inkübe edildi. Astaksantin + H2O2 grubundaki hücreler ise çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda astaksantin ile 1 saat boyunca inkübe edildikten sonra 24 saat boyunca H2O2’ye maruz bırakıldı. Hücre canlılığı XTT testi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Antioksidatif etkinin gösterilmesi için total oksidatif stres (TOS) ve total antioksidatif stres (TAS) ölçümleri yapıldı. Antiinflamatuar etkinin ölçümü için ELISA yöntemi ile TNF‑α ve IL‑1β ölçümleri yapıldı. Antiapoptotik etkinin ölçümü için ELISA yöntemi ile kaspaz 3, BAX ve Bcl‑2 ölçümleri yapıldı. H2O2 grubuna kıyasla astaksantin + H2O2 grubunda, astaksantin C6 hücrelerinde hücre canlılığını önemli ölçüde artırdı. Aynı zamanda, astaksantin antioksidatif stresin bir göstergesi olan TAS seviyelerini önemli ölçüde artırırken TOS seviyelerini düşürdü. Ayrıca, astaksantin TNF-α ve IL-1β gibi enflamasyon faktörlerini önemli ölçüde azalttı. Bunun yanı sıra, astaksantin apoptotik proteinleri olan bölünmüş kaspaz-3 ve Bax seviyelerini önemli ölçüde azaltırken, anti-apoptotik Bcl-2 protein seviyelerini artırdı. Özetlemek gerekirse, astaksantin, oksidatif stres, apoptoz ve enflamasyon belirteçlerini etkili bir şekilde inhibe ederek anlamlı bir koruyucu etki sağlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, olası temel mekanizmaları ele almak için daha kapsamlı bir araştırma gerekmektedir.

Background: The present study aims to evaluate the effect of local vitamin C application on inflammatory response and periodontal tissue destruction in rats with experimental periodontitis. Methods: A total of 21 animals, 7 rats in each group, were used in the study: 1- Non-ligation (NL), 2-experimental periodontitis (EP), and 3- local vitamin C (VtC) groups. Experimental periodontitis was induced in EP and VtC group rats. After 11 days, the ligature was removed. 50 mL of saline solution and vitamin C were injected locally into the vestibule sulcus of the EP and VtC group rats, respectively. After the rats were sacrificed, blood and gingival tissue samples were taken. TNF-α levels were analyzed biochemically in serum and 8-OHdG and MMP-8 were analyzed immunohistochemically in gingival tissue. The mandibular specimens were histologically evaluated for bone destruction and attachment loss. Results: The numeric density of 8-OHdG and MMP-8 immunopositive cells were found to be statistically significantly lower in the Vtc group than in the EP group. Vitamin C administration significantly reduced attachment loss and bone loss in the VtC group as compared to the EP group. However, there was no significant difference in serum TNF-α level in the VtC group compared to the EP group. Conclusions: Local application of vitamin C may reduce inflammation-related bone destruction by supporting the inflammatory response with the antioxidant activity of vitamin C and contributing to the resolution of inflammation with its potential immunomodulatory effect. Vitamin C may be a therapeutic agent that can be used in the treatment of periodontitis.

Çağımızın en yüksek ölüm oranına sahip sağlık sorunlarından biri olan kanser vakalarının önlenmesi için yeni ve etkili tedavi stratejileri geliştirmeye yönelik araştırmalar son yıllarda önem kazanmıştır. Doğal kaynaklardan elde edilen özütler, uçucu yağlar ve biyoaktif bileşenler daha az yan etki ile etkin tedavi sunma potansiyelindedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, menengiç meyvesinin ekstraktının hepatoselüler karsinom hücrelerinde (HepG2) oksidatif stres, sitotoksik ve apoptotik etkilerini incelemektir. Sağlıklı karaciğer epitel hücreleri (ZFL) ile elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılarak bu ekstraktın kanser hücrelerine spesifik olup olmadığı değerlendirilmiştir. Literatürde ilk kez yapılan çalışmamızda, soxhlet yöntemi ile menengiç meyvelerinden elde edilen ekstraktın IC50 dozunu ve süresini belirlemek için iCELLigence sistemi, sitotoksisiteyi belirlemek amacıyla MTT yöntemi, apoptoz profilini belirlemek için Anneksin V yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Menengiç ekstraktının oluşturabileceği oksidatif hasarın belirlenmesinde; TAS, TOS, GSH ve lipid peroksidasyon seviyeleri ile NADP-IDH, katalaz, alkalen fosfataz ve asit fosfataz enzim aktivitesi analizleri spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle yapılmıştır. iCELLigence sistemi ile yapılan analiz sonucunda menengiç ekstraktının HepG2 hücrelerindeki 48 saatlik IC50 dozu 419 µg/mL olarak bulunmuştur. Sitotoksisite analizi ile menengiç ekstraktının HepG2 hücrelerinde ZFL hücrelerine kıyasla daha öldürücü olduğu gözlenmiştir. Aynı şekilde HepG2 hücrelerinde 6 saatte gözlenen apoptotik ve ölü hücre sayısı ZFL hücrelerine göre daha fazla olduğu gözlenmiştir. Oksidatif hasarı belirlemek için yapılan analizlerde ZFL hücrelerinde gözlenen sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmazken, HepG2 hücrelerinde hem kontrol grubuyla hem de ZFL hücrelerine kıyasla belirgin oksidatif hasar gözlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, kanser tedavisinde yeni ajanlar geliştirilmesi yönündeki çalışmalara kaynak oluşturabilecektir.

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Cellular redox homeostasis is compromised when exposed to internal or external stress factors, resulting in the superiority of the oxidant. It is known that these reactive oxygen species play a critical role in the etiology of many serious diseases like diabetes and cancer. Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and its rates are currently increasing faster than other preventable cancers. Melanoma is caused by the appearance of genetic mutations in pigment-producing cells, melanocytes. Ziziphus jujube Mill. spreads in regions of Asia with tropical/subtropical climates and has been used for thnds of years as basic traditional folk medicine. This study was carried out to determine the potential antioxidant effects of Ziziphus jujube on melanoma. Survival of cells was measured by MTT assay (colorimetric). Melanoma cells were treated three hours with 100% concentration Ziziphus jujube essential oil. Total antioxidant and oxidant capacity, glutathione, and nitric oxide levels were determined by spectrophotometrically. Ziziphus jujube prevented cell proliferation and increased total antioxidant capacity. Our results indicated that Ziziphus jujube inhibited the decrease in antioxidant levels and elevation of nitric oxide levels in melanoma cells. Also, the Ziziphus jujube administration improved GSH levels. Briefly, it can be concluded that Ziziphus jujube showed potential antioxidative and antiproliferative effects in melanoma cells. Recent research provides a detailed ethnopharmacological approach for the medicinal use of Ziziphus jujube fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim:The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on the etiopathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhea by comparing serum oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme levels Methods:A total of 38 women with primary dysmenorrhea and 21 women without dysmenorrhea who applied to our hospital's gynecology clinic were included in the study. Two blood samples were taken from each of the women included in the study, on the 3rd day and the 21st day of their menstrual cycle. The serum levels of Para-oxonase (PON), Arylesterase (ARES), and Stimulated Paraoxonase (SPON) were examined. PON, ARES, and SPON levels were compared between the patient and control groups, as well as within each group, on the 3rd and 21st days of menstrual cycles. Results: In our study, a significant difference was found in the mean age between the patient and control groups. No significant differences were observed in terms of age at menarche, regularity, and duration. No significant differences were found in the ARES, PON, and SPON levels examined on the 3rd and 21st days of the menstrual cycle between the patient and control groups. ConclusionAccording to the results of our study, there was no significant difference in the levels of these markers between the patient and control groups on their respective menstrual cycle days. Based on this, we believe that oxidative and antioxidant markers are not directly involved in the etiopathogenesis of dysmenorrhea or they exhibit cycle-independent effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic non-communicable disease; it is globally considered the fifth cause of death and it has attained worldwide epidemic proportions. In our study, we aimed to investigate the diabetic effects of Solanum nigrum extract using the control group (C), diabetes group (D), groups given the Solanum nigrum extract (SN) and diabetes group + Solanum nigrum extract (D+SN). Our results observed the biological effectiveness of Solanum nigrum extract on glucose levels, significant increase serum glucose level group (D) (663±21.8 mg/dL) in comparison with C (131±9.8 mg/dL) were recorded. However, there were no significant difference in glucose level between C group (131±9.8 mg/dl) and SN group (196.14±12.1 mg/dL). Moreover, glucose level of D+SN group (484.8±40.0 mg/dL) was significantly higher than C (131±9.8 mg/dl), D (663±21.8 mg/dl) and SN groups (196.14±12.1 mg/dL). Total antioxidant status (TAS) level in D group (1.85±0.15.7) was significant when compared C group (1.28±0.17). Significant differences were observed between D group and D+SN group (1.54±0.07). However, TAS levels showed no significant difference in both SN (1.27±0.10) and D+SN (1.54±0.07) groups in comparison to the control group. Total oxidant status (TOS) level in D group (6.30±1.41) was given significant differences in comparison with control C (3.87±0.34), SN (4.87±0.80) group and D+SN (4.14±0.34) groups. In contrary, there were no significant differences between all of C, SN, D+SN groups. As a result, we can say that the Solanum nigrum plant extract is effective on diabetes, but it cannot lower the glucose level to normal levels, it needs to be investigated in future studies and its effects at different doses by different extraction methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]