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The implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka presents differentiated learning. Some challenges in implementing differentiated learning are teachers' expertise and insufficient resources. Moreover, the execution of Kurikulum Merdeka at all education levels often perplexes many teachers. Meanwhile, the literature findings indicate that there is still minimal research related to differentiated learning, emphasizing the need for studies on the impact of differentiated approaches. This study aims to explain the implementation strategy of differentiated learning and review its effectiveness in learning Kurikulum Merdeka. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a literature review method. Data is obtained from articles and publications that align with the writing topic. The finding of this study is that differentiation learning is implemented through the differentiation of content, processes, products, and environments. Differentiated teaching, assessment, and learning activities should accommodate diverse student learning styles, interests, and readiness levels. Differentiated learning can be effectively applied to learning. Differentiated learning has a positive effect on learning in terms of learning outcomes and learning processes. Differentiated learning can improve student academic achievement, positively affecting student motivation, participation, independence, learning concentration, self-confidence, and understanding of the material. Abstrak Implementasi kurikulum merdeka menghadirkan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi. Beberapa tantangan dalam penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi adalah keahlian guru dan keterbatasan sumber daya. Terlebih lagi, penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka di semua jenjang pendidikan seringkali membingungkan banyak guru. Sementara itu, temuan literatur menunjukkan masih minimnya penelitian terkait pembelajaran berdiferensiasi, sehingga menekankan perlunya kajian mengenai dampak pendekatan berdiferensiasi. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah menjelaskan bagaimana strategi implementasi pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dan meninjau efektivitasnya dalam pembelajaran Kurikulum Merdeka. Penelitian ini memakai pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode literature review. Data diperoleh dari artikel maupun publikasi lain yang selaras dengan topik tulisan. Temuan penelitian ini ialah pembelajaran diferensiasi diimplementasikan melalui diferensiasi konten, proses, produk, dan lingkungan. Pengajaran, penilaian, dan aktivitas pembelajaran berdiferensiasi harus mengakomodasi keragaman gaya belajar, minat, dan tingkat kesiapan siswa. Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi efektif untuk diterapkan dalam pembelajaran. Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi berpengaruh positif dalam pembelajaran dari segi hasil belajar maupun proses belajar. Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dapat meningkatkan prestasi akademik siswa, memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap motivasi, partisipasi, kemandirian, konsentrasi belajar, rasa percaya diri, dan pemahaman materi siswa. Kata Kunci: Efektivitas: Kurikulum Merdeka; pembelajaran berdiferensiasi; strategi

Cultural and civic literacy is one of the important literacies for junior high school students to have. The aim of this research is to develop an interactive ebook that can increase cultural and civic literacy in class VIII students. The research method uses the Richey and Klein model, namely Research, Design, Production and Evaluation. The participants in this research consisted of seven students and one class VIII teacher at CLC SMPT Lumadan Beaufort, Sabah, Malaysia. The data analysis technique uses quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. The research results show that based on the results of the media validator and ebook material validator it is very valid to be used as a learning medium. Based on the results of the pretest and posttest, there was an increase in students' cultural and civic literacy results. This proves that the interactive ebook created is effective and efficient. Effective because it can increase cultural literacy and citizenship in class VIII students significantly and efficiently because it does not require a long time in the improvement process, namely within one month after using the product in classroom learning.

The purpose of this study is to provide a broader and deeper view of the readiness of family businesses in the face of the era of digital disruption 4.0. The sample used in this study was 93 family business units, with the method of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) assisted by SMART-PLS. Based on the results of the hypothesis proposed that directly entrepreneurial and managerial competencies in the family business have a positive and significant effect on industry 4.0 readiness. Competence, especially in the implementation of managerial competencies for business owners. The managerial competency indicators is known as professional, social and personal. Indirectly, family businesses can implement business strategies that are by the characteristics of their business so they can adapt to rapidly changing conditions.Implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is considered to be crucial in facing the Industry 4.0.