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The evident influence of GLP-1 agonists as semaglutide on gastric emptying even in adherence to recommended fasting protocols instigates debates. To investigate the effect of semaglutide on gastric content by gastric ultrasonography in volunteers. Private hospital. The present study is an observational, cross-sectional, and single-center study. We included 30 consecutive volunteers aged ≥18 years who had undergone a minimum fasting period of 8 hours for solid foods and 2 hours for clear, residue-free liquids. The intervention group consisted of 15 volunteers who had used semaglutide within the last 7 days, whereas the control group consisted of 15 volunteers who had never used semaglutide. The main objective was to determine whether the stomach was full or not. Between June 2023 and August 2023, a total of 30 adult volunteers were included in the study, and no participant was excluded. The semaglutide group exhibited a higher prevalence of full stomach (11 of 15 [73%] versus 1 of 15 [7%], P <.001; adjusted to age P =.003). The semaglutide group also exhibited a higher prevalence of early satiety (10 of 15 [67%] versus 0 of 15 [0%], P <.001), loss of appetite (10 of 15 [67%] versus 0 of 15 [0%], P <.001), gastric fullness (8 of 15 [53%] versus 0 of 15 [0%], P =.002), and nausea (7 of 15 [47%] versus 1 of 15 [7%], P =.035). Additionally, there is no case in the semaglutide group with no gastric contents. The use of semaglutide is associated with full stomach even after appropriate overnight fasting. Semaglutide is also associated with increased gastrointestinal symptoms such as loss of appetite, early satiety, gastric fullness, and nausea. • To investigate the effect of semaglutide on gastric content by gastric ultrasonography. • The semaglutide group exhibited a higher prevalence of full stomach. • Higher prevalence of early satiety, loss of appetite, gastric fullness was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the food environment of public schools regarding identified healthy eating competing and promoting factors. A quantitative descriptive and observational study was conducted in 14 public schools in a municipality in Rio de Janeiro and their surrounding areas. Photographic records and field diaries were adopted for this purpose. Food-related murals, vegetable gardens, school cafeterias, and teachers sitting along during meals were considered components that promote a healthy food environment. Competing components were snacks brought by students, canteens, informal food sale and packaging, and ultra-processed foods circulating in schools. A 500-meter radius from the school gate was considered to characterize outlets in the school surroundings. The foods sold were categorized per the NOVA classification. The study identified a predominance of healthy eating-promoting factors against competing factors. However, we identified available ultra-processed foods inside schools, and their availability prevailed in the school's surrounding areas. Key words School meals, Ultra-processed foods, Food social space [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence (AI), regulatory bodies are trying to keep pace. One key decision is whether to require app makers to disclose the use of generative AI-powered chatbots in their products. We suggest that some generative AI-based chatbots lead consumers to use chatbots in unintended ways that create mental health risks, making consumers contextually vulnerable — defined as a temporary state of susceptibility to harm or other adverse mental health effects arising from the interplay between a user’s interactions with a particular system and the system’s response. We argue that for health apps, including medical devices and wellness apps, disclosure should be mandated. We also show that even when chatbots are disclosed in these instances, they may still carry risks due to the tendency of app makers to humanize their chatbots. The current regulatory structure does not fully address these challenges. We discuss how app makers and regulators should proactively address this challenge by considering where apps fall along the continuum of perceived humanness. For health-related apps, this evaluation should lead to a mandate or strong recommendation that neutral (nonhumanized) chatbots be the default, with any deviations from this standard requiring clear justification [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxytrigona tataira Smith (Trans Ent Soc Lond 11:497–512, 1863) was considered by different taxonomists to be a species with complex taxonomy, a dubious status and in need of taxonomic reevaluation. Furthermore, it has Oxytrigona cagafogo Müller (Nature 10:31–32, 1874) as its junior synonym, although there is no evidence to support such a decision. In this study, we used an integrative approach combining morphological data, geometric morphometric analysis of wings, and ecological niche overlap analysis to elucidate the true identity of O. tataira. For the morphological study, 923 specimens and the lectotype of Trigona tataira (= O. tataira) were examined, 470 wings were used for geometric morphometry, and 106 unique occurrence records were used for niche overlap analysis. In the morphological study, three species/morphospecies were identified: morphospecies 1 (morphologically corresponding to O. tataira), morphospecies 2 (morphologically corresponding to O. cagafogo), and morphospecies 3 (a new species for the genus). The geometric morphometry of the wings corroborated the results of the morphological study. The ecological niche overlap analysis, despite indicating a small niche overlap between O. tataira and O. cagafogo, also corroborated the results of the morphological and morphometric studies. Thus, our results confirmed the hypothesis that O. tataira and O. cagafogo are distinct taxonomic entities; therefore, we propose the revalidation of the taxonomic status of O. cagafogo Müller (Nature 10:31–32, 1874) status nov. Furthermore, it was still possible to identify and delimit a new species for Oxytrigona, which has already been described and will soon be formally published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxytrigona tataira Smith (Trans Ent Soc Lond 11:497–512, 1863) was considered by different taxonomists to be a species with complex taxonomy, a dubious status and in need of taxonomic reevaluation. Furthermore, it has Oxytrigona cagafogo Müller (Nature 10:31–32, 1874) as its junior synonym, although there is no evidence to support such a decision. In this study, we used an integrative approach combining morphological data, geometric morphometric analysis of wings, and ecological niche overlap analysis to elucidate the true identity of O. tataira. For the morphological study, 923 specimens and the lectotype of Trigona tataira (= O. tataira) were examined, 470 wings were used for geometric morphometry, and 106 unique occurrence records were used for niche overlap analysis. In the morphological study, three species/morphospecies were identified: morphospecies 1 (morphologically corresponding to O. tataira), morphospecies 2 (morphologically corresponding to O. cagafogo), and morphospecies 3 (a new species for the genus). The geometric morphometry of the wings corroborated the results of the morphological study. The ecological niche overlap analysis, despite indicating a small niche overlap between O. tataira and O. cagafogo, also corroborated the results of the morphological and morphometric studies. Thus, our results confirmed the hypothesis that O. tataira and O. cagafogo are distinct taxonomic entities; therefore, we propose the revalidation of the taxonomic status of O. cagafogo Müller (Nature 10:31–32, 1874) status nov. Furthermore, it was still possible to identify and delimit a new species for Oxytrigona, which has already been described and will soon be formally published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pipeline inspection is a necessary task in the industry, allowing for the identification of anomalies. The flow of materials through these pipes can lead to clogs, cracks, or discontinuities that reduce their carrying capacity. As a result, regular manual inspections are crucial. To address the need for safe and constant inspections, we propose an in-pipe robotic platform explicitly designed for inspecting galleries and pipes with 14 inches or larger diameters. The platform utilizes cameras and other sensors to visualize and identify anomalies. The robot construction primarily uses low-cost materials, including 3D-printed polymers and its locomotion mechanism is based on tracks, which can be adjusted to navigate diverse piping conditions. The modular robot's software enables the implementation of autonomous features such as a state machine and an artificial vector field-based navigation system. The proposed autonomous navigation system only requires planar laser information, eliminating the need for mapping or localization data and reducing the impact of communication problems during the inspection process. This work presents the development of the robotic platform, including its mechanical and electronic design and the embedded software. Preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of producing cost-effective alternatives for inspecting industrial pipes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin malignancy among men and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Accurate staging of PCa, particularly the assessment of extra-prostatic extension (EPE), is critical for prognosis and treatment planning. EPE, typically evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is associated with higher risks of positive surgical margins, biochemical recurrence, metastasis, and reduced overall survival. Despite the widespread use of MRI, there is no consensus on diagnosing EPE via imaging. There are 2 main scores assessing EPE by MRI: the European Society of Urogenital Radiology score and an MRI-based EPE grading system from an American group. While both are widely recognized, their differences can lead to varying interpretations in specific cases. This paper clarifies the anatomical considerations in diagnosing locally advanced PCa, explores EPE's impact on treatment and prognosis, and evaluates the relevance of MRI findings according to different criteria. Accurate EPE diagnosis remains challenging due to MRI limitations and inconsistencies in interpretation. Understanding these variations is crucial for optimal patient management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte is the property of Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To describe the historical evolution and dissemination of the Oral Medicine and Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology international societies and associations across the globe, and to provide insights into their significant contributions toward oral health promotion. This review was conducted in accordance with the JBI Scoping Review Methodology Group guidance. The reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Search strategy was applied to 5 databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS)) and grey literature (Google Scholar, Open Grey and ProQuest), as well as additional sources, such as organization websites. Eighty-nine sources were included in this review. Forty-six professional associations/societies were identified, of which 39 represented a country or geopolitical region, 2 represented continents, 2 represented multinational organizations and 3 multinational study groups. Documentation of the historical establishment and development of Oral Medicine and Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology organizations worldwide is limited and describing these processes remains challenging. Analysis of global data reveals heterogeneous development and distribution, resulting in disparities in accessibility and standardization. Further efforts toward oral health promotion should be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the reliability of gingival thickness measurements obtained from the registration of intraoral scans with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations at different acquisition modes. CBCT examinations of 9 porcine hemimandibles were acquired using the OP300 Maxio unit operating at the highest-dose protocol with the smallest voxel size as the reference standard for visualizing the gingival surface. Subsequently, the hemimandibles were surrounded by water to simulate soft tissue attenuation of radiation, and additional CBCT examinations were acquired in 4 modes: Endo, High-resolution, Standard-resolution, and Low-dose. These CBCT datasets were registered with corresponding intraoral scans obtained with the Carestream Dental 3600 intraoral scanning system using the Blue Sky Plan 4 software. Four oral radiologists measured the buccal gingival thickness on cross-sectional reconstructions at 4 measurement sites and 2 distances from the gingival margin in the CBCT reference standard examinations and examinations obtained with water and intraoral scan registration. Multifactorial analysis of variance was used to assess the influence of acquisition mode, measurement site, and distance from the gingival margin on measurements (α = 5%; statistical power = 90%). Buccal gingival thickness measurements obtained via CBCT after registration with intraoral scanning were not significantly influenced by acquisition mode (P =.153) or measurement site (P =.089). Gingival thickness measurements derived from the registration of intraoral scans with CBCT examinations at different acquisition modes appear to be reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To develop a simple, subjective, and reliable grading scale for isotretinoin-induced meibography changes. Methods: After analyzing meibography images obtained from systemic isotretinoin users, a grading scale was proposed and named “meibography health score.” The score ranged from 1 to 3, with decreasing gland reflectivity and identifiable margins. A total of 11 medical professionals were asked to grade 10 meibography images obtained from isotretinoin users using the proposed scale and were divided into three groups: (A) ophthalmologists with experience with meibography, (B) ophthalmologists with no experience with meibography, and (C) radiologists. The kappa statistic was determined to test interrater reliability. Results: The overall kappa was approximately 0.64. The kappa scores for Groups A, B, and C were 0.78, 0.59, and 0.90, respectively. Grade 2 had the lowest kappa scores (0.62, 0.35, and 0.82 for A, B, and C, respectively) and grade 3 the highest (0.78, 0.90, and 1.0 for A, B and C, respectively). Furthermore, Group C had the highest kappa scores and Group B the lowest. Conclusion: The meibography health score exhibited good interrater reliability, particularly in severe cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain associated with temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) is often confused with odontogenic pain, which is a challenge in endodontic diagnosis. Validated screening questionnaires can aid in the identification and differentiation of the source of pain. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a virtual assistant based on artificial intelligence using natural language processing techniques to automate the initial screening of patients with tooth pain. The PAINe chatbot was developed in Python (Python Software Foundation, Beaverton, OR) language using the PyCharm (JetBrains, Prague, Czech Republic) environment and the openai library to integrate the ChatGPT 4 API (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA) and the Streamlit library (Snowflake Inc, San Francisco, CA) for interface construction. The validated TMD Pain Screener questionnaire and 1 question regarding the current pain intensity were integrated into the chatbot to perform the differential diagnosis of TMD in patients with tooth pain. The accuracy of the responses was evaluated in 50 random scenarios to compare the chatbot with the validated questionnaire. The kappa coefficient was calculated to assess the agreement level between the chatbot responses and the validated questionnaire. The chatbot achieved an accuracy rate of 86% and a substantial level of agreement (κ = 0.70). Most responses were clear and provided adequate information about the diagnosis. The implementation of a virtual assistant using natural language processing based on large language models for initial differential diagnosis screening of patients with tooth pain demonstrated substantial agreement between validated questionnaires and the chatbot. This approach emerges as a practical and efficient option for screening these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty reduction and prosperity sharing are among the goals of international organizations for promoting sustainable development. One obstacle to achieving this goal is the spread of corruption. To decrease it, anticorruption strategies have prevailed around the world, and different practices have been implemented to eliminate or mitigate this problem. Applied behavior analysis (ABA) has also investigated small- and large-scale corruption behaviors. However, a systemic approach is required to better understand the contingencies of corruption. A complementary approach between behavior analysis's (BA) different principles, fields, and tools is helpful in promoting the continuous and dynamic improvement of the mechanisms used in understanding anticorruption practices. This article combines BA basic principles, behavioral systems analysis (BSA), and the total performance system (TPS) conceptual tool to better understand how anticorruption agencies, described as role models, have acted in the face of corruption. In particular, it highlights how the World Bank Group's Sanctions System and the National Disciplinary Board of the Brazilian Office of the Comptroller General offer contributions to international organizations, banks, and public institutions in developing efficient and effective systems for corruption mitigation. In addition to the practical contributions learned through the analysis of the anticorruption agencies' behavioral systems, this research proposes adding the institutional multiplicity term to BSA's and TPS's literature and the concept of culturo-behavioral hypercycles to the studies on corruption mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breastfeeding is critical for offspring health and development. Although many observational studies report a protective effect between breastfeeding and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the relationship is not well-understood. We used prospectively collected data from 3 population-based birth cohorts (Danish National Birth Cohort, Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort, and All Babies in Southeast Sweden) and cross-linked national registers to ascertain the impact of breastfeeding duration on offspring IBD risk in each country, using adjusted Cox proportional regression analyses. We performed meta-analyses to determine pooled estimates. We included 148,737 offspring and 169,510 offspring in analyses of exclusive and any breastfeeding duration, respectively. During median follow-up of 16.3–22.3 years, between 1996 and 2021, 543 offspring were diagnosed with IBD. In each country, there was no association between exclusive breastfeeding duration and offspring IBD risk after adjusting for birth year (Denmark), offspring sex, parental IBD status, maternal education, smoking during pregnancy, age at delivery, mode of delivery, preterm birth, and small for gestational age. The pooled adjusted hazard ratio for IBD was 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 0.94–1.62; Q = 0.16, I2 = 0.0%) and 1.02 (95% confidence interval, 0.85–1.21; Q = 1.45, I 2= 0.0%) among offspring breastfed exclusively for ≥6 months and <4 months, respectively, compared with 4–5 months. Similarly, we found null associations in pooled analyses of any breastfeeding duration and IBD, subtypes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, as well as in cohort-specific analyses. In prospectively collected data from 3 population-based birth cohorts, the duration of exclusive or any breastfeeding was not associated with offspring IBD risk. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the smile attractiveness in patients treated with or without 4 premolar extractions at a 36-year follow-up. The sample comprised 52 patients with Class I and II malocclusion divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 15 patients treated without extractions (10 females and 5 males), with a mean pretreatment, posttreatment, and long-term posttreatment (T3) age of 13.2, 15.1, and 49.8 years, respectively. The mean treatment time was 1.9 years, and the mean long-term follow-up period was 34.7 years. Group 2 consisted of 37 patients (25 females and 12 males) treated with 4 premolar extractions, with a mean pretreatment, posttreatment, and long-term posttreatment age of 13.3, 15.7, and 53.6 years, respectively. The mean treatment time was 2.3 years, and the mean long-term follow-up period was 37.9 years. The mean retention time was 2 years for both groups. Frontal smiling photographs were obtained at long-term follow-up. Smile attractiveness was evaluated in an online questionnaire in which the evaluator could rate the smiling photographs with a 10-point scale. The randomly selected evaluator sample consisted of 62 laypeople, 33 dentists, and 89 orthodontists. Independent t tests, 1-way analysis of variance, and Tukey tests were used for intergroup comparisons at P <0.05. The smile attractiveness on the long term was similar in the groups treated with 4 premolar extractions (4.70 ± 1.35) or without extractions (4.51 ± 1.46). Women and orthodontists were more critical in assessing smile attractiveness than men, dentists, and laypeople. After long-term posttreatment, the smile attractiveness was similar in patients treated with 4 premolar extractions or without extractions. • Smile attractiveness was compared in patients treated with or without 4 premolar extractions. • Long-term smile attractiveness was assessed at 36 years. • Orthodontists, dentists, and laypeople evaluated the smile attractiveness on the long term. • Smile attractiveness was similar in patients treated with or without 4 premolar extractions. • Women and orthodontists were more critical in smile attractiveness assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]