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Aim: The present study sought to investigate dental caries experience and its association with sociodemographic, postnatal and breastfeeding variables in children in the agerange from 6 to 71 months of age, in the Xingu Indigenous Park, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study that used secondary data pertaining to 402 indigenous children of the Low, Middle and Eastern Xingu regions, who participated in the Oral Health Epidemiological Survey in 2013. The dependent variable was dental caries, dichotomized by the median (dmf-t≤1 and dmf-t>1). The data of independent variables were obtained by means of instruments of the Local Health Information System of the Xingu Indigenous Special Sanitary District (DSEI). Raw analyses were performed to test the association of the independent variables with the dependent variable. The variables were tested in the multiple logistic regression model. Results: The mean value of the dmf-t index was 2.60 and the prevalence of affected children was 51%. In the multiple analysis, only children older than 36 months (OR: 6.64; CI95%: 4.11 to 10.73) and those that were breastfed for a longer period of time (OR: 1.88; CI95%: 1.16 to 3.02) showed significant association with the dmf-t>1 index. Conclusion: Childhood dental caries among indigenous children was associated with age and breastfeeding prolonged for over 26 months, therefore, pointing out the need to offer dental follow-up care at earlier ages.

A Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal redefiniu em 2011 seu modelo de atenção para os povos indígenas, preconizando o subsídio da epidemiologia e o acompanhamento do impacto das ações por meio de indicadores adequados. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a evolução desses indicadores, propostos pelo Ministério da Saúde, no Parque Indígena do Xingu, Brasil, no período de 2004-2013. Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, com o uso de dados secundários do Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena Xingu e do Projeto Xingu, da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Observou-se cobertura de primeira consulta odontológica programática maior que 60% em todos os anos analisados, exceto em 2009 e 2010, cujas coberturas foram de 44,7% e 53,4%, respectivamente. O indicador de tratamento odontológico básico concluído apresentou aumento significativo, de 44,9% para 79,9%, entre 2006 e 2008. A proporção de exodontias no conjunto dos procedimentos diminuiu de 24,3% em 2004 para 3,8% em 2011. A cobertura da média da ação coletiva de escovação dental supervisionada obteve a maior variabilidade (1,2 a 23,3%) no período analisado. O acesso à saúde bucal mostrou boa cobertura e o indicador de tratamento concluído apresentou percentual mais elevado em comparação com outros povos indígenas no mesmo período. O melhor desempenho do indicador de exodontias pode decorrer de mudança no enfoque assistencial possibilitado por parcerias com universidades, ainda que os indicadores de escovação supervisionada indiquem ser necessário priorizar ações preventivas. Mudanças na gestão da saúde indígena, com fragilização ou ausência de parcerias, podem ter influenciado negativamente os indicadores do programa.

Resumo Objetivo: descrever a prevalência de cárie e provisão de cuidados odontológicos na população do Parque Indígena do Xingu, Brasil, aos 5, 12 e 15-19 anos de idade, 2007 e 2013. Métodos: painel de estudos transversais, com dados secundários disponibilizados pelo Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena do Xingu e Projeto Xingu. Resultados: examinaram-se 368 (2007) e 423 (2013) indígenas no período, sem diferença significativa entre as médias do número de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados aos 5 (6,43 [2007] e 5,85 [2013]; p=0,29) e aos 12 anos (2,54 [2007] e 2,78 [2013]; p=0,81); essa diferença foi significativa aos 15-19 anos (6,89 [2007] e 4,65 [2013]; p

Aim: To describe the prevalence of periodontal disease in the indigenous population of the Middle and Lower Xingu compared to the non-indigenous Brazilian population. Methods: The evaluated indigenous population of the Xingu Reserve had oral and dental examinations performed by calibrated examiners assisted by Oral Health Indigenous Agents. From a sample of 2,299 indigenous subjects, epidemiological investigations were conducted in 1,911 individuals, using the methodology recommended by the World Health Organization. Comparative periodontal data from the nonindigenous population were obtained from the Brazilian Ministry of Health’s national epidemiological survey on oral health conditions (“SB Brasil” project). The periodontal data of 508 indigenous individuals were presented by age intervals of 15-19 (n=219), 35-44 (n=128) and 65-74 (n=161) years. Results: In the non-indigenous population, the periodontally healthy individuals were 46.2%, 21.9% and 7.9% for each age group, respectively, and in the Xingu population they were 28.76%, 3.12% and 0% for each age group, respectively. The most frequent finding in the Xingu population was the presence of calculus in 62.55% of younger people, 82.03% of adults and 45.45% of the elderly. The analysis by sextants demonstrated the presence of calculus in 25.04%, 44.79% and 18.18% for young, adults and elderly respectively. Conclusions: Despite the higher prevalence of calculus, in all age groups of the indigenous population, tooth loss does not seem to follow the same pattern observed in the non-indigenous Brazilian population, suggesting differences in susceptibility, habits or conditions.

Aim: To describe cases of dental caries in Indian mother-child pairs of the middle and lower Xingu River – Xingu Indigenous Park. Methods: A total of 246 children aged 3-5 years old and their respective mothers took part in this study. Caries indexes dmft and DMFT were analyzed for deciduous and permanent dentitions, respectively, according to criteria proposed by the World Health Organization. Results: Analysis of the DMFT index showed a mean value of 14.3 for mothers. In mothers aged between 35 and 44 years, tooth loss accounted for more than 80% of the total index score. With regard to the children, dmft index was 4.7, on average, and only 13.4% were caries-free. No significant correlation was found between mother and child caries experience (p = 0.16). Conclusions: These results suggest that it is important to consider the community as a whole, and not only the mother, regarding the oral health of indigenous children. Community should be involved in the planning of strategies for caries prevention and health promotion, taking into account the socio-cultural complexity and specificities of indigenous population and adapt them to the local reality for these strategies to become actually effective.