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Data from the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey, consisting of 166,176 students ranging in age from 10 to 18 years, were used to investigate patterns of adolescent suicidal ideation and attempt through the lens of Minority Stress Theory (MST). Through a conjunctive analysis of case configurations (CACC), the current study demonstrates that adolescent suicidal ideation and attempt cluster significantly among specific situational profiles defined by the unique combination of variable attributes. Students most likely to indicate suicidal ideation were generally sexual minority females in high school who experienced cyberbullying, parental abuse, dating violence, and sexual abuse. Students least likely to report suicidal ideation were generally non-sexual minorities in elementary school who nearly never experienced parental abuse, dating violence, or sexual abuse. Results regarding adolescent suicide attempt indicate analogous results. The current findings highlight the importance of furthering research on contextual predictors of adolescent suicidality, with particular emphasis on sexual minority adolescents.

A critical issue in education since 2020 has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the teaching and learning process. The pandemic has affected all areas of education and foreign language teaching has not been the exception. The study presents key aspects of teacher experience and training in relation to their use of ICT, which has become ubiquitous for teaching and learning during the last two years. For this study, a mixed methodology approach was used with a semistructured questionnaire that was administered through social networks as well as WhatsApp and emails. A total of 184 responses were recorded from English teachers from all educational levels, public and private schools as well as language institutions. The results showcase that the main aspects affecting the development of classes are teachers' experience using ICT tools, training received, and technology appropriation. Moreover, the availability of a variety of tools for synchronous and asynchronous instruction, communication, and evaluation allowed teachers to rapidly transition into Emergency Remote Teaching. These results inform education stakeholders of the difficulties and opportunities brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Innovation is currently driving enhanced performance and productivity across various fields through process automation. However, identifying intricate details in images can often pose challenges due to morphological variations or specific conditions. Here, artificial intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role by simplifying the segmentation of images. This is achieved by training algorithms to detect specific pixels, thereby recognizing details within images. In this study, an algorithm incorporating modules based on Efficient Sub-Pixel Convolutional Neural Network for image super-resolution, U-Net based Neural baseline for image segmentation, and image binarization for masking was developed. The combination of these modules aimed to identify capillary structures at pixel level. The method was applied on different datasets containing images of eye fundus, citrus leaves, printed circuit boards to test how well it could segment the capillary structures. Notably, the trained model exhibited versatility in recognizing capillary structures across various image types. When tested with the Set 5 and Set 14 datasets, a PSNR of 37.92 and SSIM of 0.9219 was achieved, surpassing significantly other image superresolution methods. The enhancement module processes the image using three different varaiables in the same way, which imposes a complexity of O(n) and takes 308,734 ms to execute; the segmentation module evaluates each pixel against its neighbors to correctly segment regions of interes, generating an $$O(n^{2})$$ quadratic complexity and taking 687,509 ms to execute; the masking module makes several runs through the whole image and in several occasions it calls processes of $$O(n\log n)$$ complexity at 581686 microseconds to execute, which makes it not only the most complex but also the most exhaustive part of the program. This versatility, rooted in its pixel-level operation, enables the algorithm to identify initially unnoticed details, enhancing its applicability across diverse image datasets. This innovation holds significant potential for precisely studying certain structures’ characteristics while enhancing and processing images with high fidelity through AI-driven machine learning algorithms.

Abstract To prevent sexually-acquired HIV-1 infection by immunoprophylaxis, effective concentrations of broadly neutralizing antibodies are likely needed at mucosal sites of exposure. Here, we examine the biodistribution of monoclonal antibody VRC01 and its extended half-life variant, VRC01LS, in colorectal and genitourinary tracts of healthy adults 1-52 weeks after intravenous infusion. At 1-2 weeks, VRC01LS levels are ~3-4 times higher than VRC01 in serum (p = 0.048), rectal (p = 0.067), vaginal (p = 0.003) and cervical tissues (p = 0.003); these differences increase over time. Both antibodies primarily localize within rectal lamina propria and cervicovaginal stroma, with limited and variable epithelial distribution. Although 8-28% of serum mAb levels reach mucosal tissues,

Abstract Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly aggressive, infiltrative, and heterogeneous brain tumors driven by complex genetic alterations. The basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors ASCL1 and OLIG2 are dynamically co-expressed in GBMs; however, their combinatorial roles in regulating the plasticity and heterogeneity of GBM cells are unclear. Here, we show that induction of somatic mutations in subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitor cells leads to the dysregulation of ASCL1 and OLIG2, which then function redundantly and are required for brain tumor formation in a mouse model of GBM. Subsequently, the binding of ASCL1 and OLIG2 to each other’s loci and to downstream target genes then determines the cell types and degree of migration of tumor cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) reveals that a high level of ASCL1 is key in specifying highly migratory neural stem cell (NSC)/astrocyte-like tumor cell types, which are marked by upregulation of ribosomal protein, oxidative phosphorylation, cancer metastasis, and therapeutic resistance genes.

Abstract Background Dissecting the neurobiology of dance would shed light on a complex, yet ubiquitous, form of human communication. In this experiment, we sought to study, via mobile electroencephalography (EEG), the brain activity of five experienced dancers while dancing butoh, a postmodern dance that originated in Japan. Results We report the experimental design, methods, and practical execution of a highly interdisciplinary project that required the collaboration of dancers, engineers, neuroscientists, musicians, and multimedia artists, among others. We explain in detail how we technically validated all our EEG procedures (e.g., via impedance value monitoring) and minimized potential artifacts in our recordings (e.g., via electrooculography and inertial measurement units). We also describe the engineering details and hardware that enabled us to achieve synchronization between signals recorded at different sampling frequencies, along with a signal preprocessing and denoising pipeline that we used for data re-sampling and power line noise removal. As our experiment culminated in a live performance, where we generated a real-time visualization of the dancers’ interbrain synchrony on a screen via an artistic brain-computer interface, we outline all the methodology (e.g., filtering, time-windows, equation) we used for online bispectrum estimations. Additionally, we provide access to all the raw EEG data and codes we used in our recordings. We, lastly, discuss how we envision that the data could be used to address several hypotheses, such as that of interbrain synchrony or the motor theory of vocal learning. Conclusions Being, to our knowledge, the first study to report synchronous and simultaneous recording from five dancers, we expect that our findings will inform future art-science collaborations, as well as dance-movement therapies.

Abstract Developing machine learning (ML) methods for healthcare predictive modeling requires absolute explainability and transparency to build trust and accountability. Graphical models (GM) are key tools for this but face challenges like small sample sizes, mixed variables, and latent confounders. This paper presents a novel learning framework addressing these challenges by integrating latent variables using fast causal inference (FCI), accommodating mixed variables with predictive permutation conditional independence tests (PPCIT), and employing a systematic graphical embedding approach leveraging expert knowledge. This method ensures a transparent model structure and an explainable feature selection and modeling approach, achieving competitive prediction performance. For real-world validation, data of hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPI) among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) were used, where the approach achieved a balanced accuracy of 0.941 and an AUC of 0.983, outperforming most benchmarks. The PPCIT method also demonstrated superior accuracy and scalability over other benchmarks in causal discovery validation on synthetic datasets that closely resemble our real dataset. This holistic framework effectively addresses the challenges of mixed variables and explainable predictive modeling for disease onset, which is crucial for enabling transparency and interpretability in ML-based healthcare.

Abstract The KATITA-25 (Kidney AlloTransplant Immunosuppressive Therapy Adherence) Questionnaire is a multidimensional self-administered scale developed in Brazilian Portuguese that measures the predisposition for non-adherence to immunosuppressive medication in candidate patients for kidney transplantation, in the pre-transplant setting. The aim of this study was the cross-cultural validation of the Spanish version of the KATITA-25 scale. The translation/back-translation method was used, followed by cognitive interviews and a pre-test. The Spanish version of KATITA-25 was administered to 163 candidate patients for kidney transplantation from 2 kidney transplant centres and 2 dialysis centres in Catalonia, Spain. The scale was re-administered to the first 79 patients included into the study, after a 2 to 4 weeks interval. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, test–retest reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); construct validity with goodness of fit indices after confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modelling. The Cronbach’s alpha of the Spanish version was 0.83, the ICC was 0.86. Confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate fit of the structural model. Overall, the analytical results closely resembled those obtained in the validation of the original scale. In conclusion, this cross-cultural validation study showed adequate reliability and construct validity of the Spanish version of the KATITA-25 questionnaire.

Educational leadership serves a pivotal function in establishing the tenor of campus cultures. Executive decisions shape educational policy and practice in ways that either hinder or advance marginalised students' academic success. Leaders are in powerful positions to modify unjust academic ecosystems and to de-ideologise the white-centric dominant ideologies that lead to student pushout. Leadership actions tend to justify the status quo rather than to deconstruct campus culture and reconstruct antiracist options. Inaction from leadership has resulted in cultural discontinuities that lead some students to self-deidentify from academia. This article expands upon "cultural mismatch theory" to describe how race dysconsciousness, academic capitalism and rugged individualism operate to buttress ecosystemic conditions that create racially-antagonistic campus cultures. We propose strategies that leaders can implement to eradicate dominant ideologies at their home institutions and within educator-student relationships and individual mindsets. We also discuss important considerations and corresponding actions for creating culturally-congruent equity-focused educational spaces.

Peace museums play an important role in peace education by offering visitors informal and non-formal education. As sites of remembrance, peace museums are rich pedagogical spaces for experiential learning and reflection. Educating children in the spirit of peace, tolerance and harmony between nations has been central to the work of the Museum of Peace in Rivne in Ukraine. Whilst peace museums usually engage in peacebuilding and memory making in times of peace, post conflict, this article reports on the work of the Museum in Rivne in a time of war. Wartime brings difficult questions about engaging in peacebuilding in the face of military aggression and about sustaining memory-making work when violent conflict makes memories too immediate and painful. As explained in the article, the reinvigorated peacebuilding effort at the Museum in Rivne demonstrates that, in a time of war, it is even more important to promote peace, in opposition to war. Through the annual event 'I Vote for Peace', the Museum has sought to create a network of schools committed to global tolerance and peacekeeping, as well as offer Ukrainian children a space for talking about their experiences and their hope for a peaceful future.

Obesity is a public health and global health problem due to the disease burden it generates across all age groups, as well as being a pandemic due to its high prevalence worldwide. Bariatric surgery has traditionally been described as an aggressive option in the adolescent population. However, as the evolution of these patients over time and the improvement in health outcomes have been rigorously analyzed, it is positioned as an effective and safe intervention. Recently, novel high-quality evidence has emerged, sparking international scientific discourse on which techniques provide the most benefits and are safer in bariatric surgery for adolescents with severe obesity. Then, the aim of this review was to analyze the most recent clinical evidence, based on study designs, regarding clinical and surgical outcomes obtained by surgical techniques used during bariatric surgery in the management of severe obesity in adolescents. After the literature review, it was identified that surgical resolution for severe obesity in adolescents is effective and safe, with better benefits observed when using Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. There is a similar frequency of adverse events compared to sleeve gastrectomy and gastric banding. Micronutrient deficiency is the primary adverse event, which is potentially preventable and treatable.

Abstract Background Pathways for intravenously administered gadolinium-based-contrast-agents (GBCAs) entering cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) circulation in the human brain are not well-understood. The blood-CSF-barrier (BCSFB) in choroid-plexus (CP) has long been hypothesized to be a main entry-point for intravenous-GBCAs into CSF. Most existing studies on this topic were performed in animals and human patients with various diseases. Results in healthy human subjects are limited. Besides, most studies were performed using MRI methods with limited temporal resolution and significant partial-volume effects from blood and CSF. Methods This study employs the recently developed dynamic-susceptibility-contrast-in-the-CSF (cDSC) MRI approach to measure GBCA-distribution in the CSF immediately and 4 h after intravenous-GBCA administration in healthy subjects. With a temporal resolution of 10 s, cDSC MRI can track GBCA-induced CSF signal changes during the bolus phase, which has not been investigated previously. It employs a long echo-time (TE = 1347 ms) to suppress tissue and blood signals so that pure CSF signal is detected with minimal partial-volume effects. GBCA concentration in the CSF can be estimated from cDSC MRI. In this study, cDSC and FLAIR MRI were performed immediately and 4 h after intravenous GBCA administration in 25 healthy volunteers (age 48.9 ± 19.5 years; 14 females). Paired t-tests were used to compare pre-GBCA and post-GBCA signal changes, and their correlations with age were evaluated using Pearson-correlation-coefficients. Results At ~ 20 s post-GBCA, GBCA-induced cDSC signal changes were detected in the CSF around CP (ΔS/S = − 2.40 ± 0.30%; P

The study assessed the Alternative Learning System (ALS) in Bulacan, focusing on learning delivery, resources, environment, and assessment to propose a professional development plan for teachers. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 342 ALS implementers and learners through surveys and interviews. Findings revealed a diverse teacher demographic, predominantly female and single, with most having less than five years of experience and no recent seminar attendance. Most teachers held Bachelor's degrees, with some possessing Master's degrees, and a majority had passed the LET exam. Respondents rated ALS implementation as “fully implemented,” except for learners who rated the learning delivery and learning resources as “implemented”. As for significant differences among the respondents, ALS implementation has no significant differences among the four learning domains. Challenges included limited interaction, ineffective communication, curriculum mismatches, resource constraints, and high workloads. Overall, there was consensus on ALS implementation across respondent groups, highlighting strengths and areas needing improvement to enhance the program's effectiveness and teacher support. To effectively address the challenges the ALS program faces, it is essential to enhance instructional delivery through increased face-to-face interaction between students and teachers, alongside providing targeted training on ALS pedagogy for educators. Developing effective learning materials, ensuring adequate facilities, creating a separate ALS curriculum, and establishing clear assessment policies will help minimize distractions, support student engagement, and improve overall learning outcomes.

The aluminum alloys used in aerospace applications are susceptible to corrosion. This has led to the development of methodologies that ensure the durability of the parts and pieces of aircraft. These anticorrosive processes involve the use of coatings containing chromate-based corrosion-inhibitor compounds. Although these coatings provide an excellent solution to this problem, their use in protection protocols is restricted owing to their high toxicity and carcinogenic nature.This study evaluates a different process to protect aluminum alloy surfaces that incorporates the derivatization of organic compounds using potentiostatic techniques. The metallic surface was modified in situ by the potentiostatic reduction of aryl diazonium salts, leaving the surface covered with molecular grafts. The grafting of molecules onto the surface is modulated by the application of a potential that causes the formation of aryl radicals. The organic compound selected in this study was p-toluidine in protic medium. The derivatization process in the AA2060-T8 alloy was carried out at different pHs and potentials, observing from the potential/current responses in 0.1 M NaCl solution that the maximum optimization is obtained at pH 3 and -1 V.Likewise, the E/I and electrochemical impedance (EIS) responses of the electrografted samples modified and functionalized with cerium 4-hydroxycinnamate (Ce(4-OHcinn)3) revealed that the presence of this compound in the arylic structure significantly increased the protective capacity of the organic film electrografted on the aluminum alloy.The morphologies and characteristics of the modified surface were studied by SEM, TEM, and XPS. Furthermore, TEM examinations of ultramicrotomed sections of the electrografted specimens revealed the presence of a film approximately 10 nm thick on the AA2060-T8 surface.

Introduction: The purpose of this clinical report was to describe an unprecedented case of bilateral pressure-induced stromal keratopathy (PISK) following corneal photorefractive keratectomy, associated with presumed herpetic keratitis, and to present tomographic and biomechanical findings before and after appropriate treatment. Case Presentation: A 33-year-old male patient was referred to our clinic with suspected delayed corneal epithelial healing 3 weeks after an uncomplicated PRK. A central layer of corneal opacity with a presumed fluid-filled interface area was observed upon slit lamp biomicroscopy. Scheimpflug images from the Pentacam® revealed a hyperreflective area beneath the central cornea. Scheimpflug-based corneal tomography, biomechanical assessment using the Pentacam® AXL Wave, and the Corvis ST® were conducted. Goldmann applanation tonometry measured 23/13 mm Hg, while noncontact tonometry intraocular pressure measured with the Corvis ST® (Corvis ST IOPnct) was 40.5/43.5 mm Hg. Treatment with oral valacyclovir, combined with ocular hypotensive therapy, led to a significant reduction in IOP and improved corneal deformation parameters after 1 month. Conclusion: Surgeons should be aware of the inaccuracy of Goldmann applanation tonometry in PISK, which can occur after LASIK or surface ablation.

IntroductionRapid response mobile laboratories (RRML) play an important role in responding to emergencies such as outbreaks and humanitarian crises, working in coordination with national authorities. This scoping review aims to provide evidence to support the development of minimum operational standards for the deployment of RRMLs across the five key workstreams: operational support and logistics, biosafety and biosecurity, laboratory information management system, quality management systems and interoperability and coordination.MethodsWe searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the grey literature focusing on RRML deployment missions. Study characteristics such as year, country, objectives, methods, and findings were extracted and summarized to identify common themes, gaps, and patterns. The results were presented in a narrative format. We ensured methodological rigor by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines throughout the review process.ResultsOut of 163 full-text studies assessed for eligibility, 46 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Six studies addressed the five RRML workstreams. Operational support and logistics are most commonly addressed during pre-deployment phases with a focus on personnel, transport and cold chain management. The application of biosafety and biosecurity protocols is most addressed during the mission execution phase, particularly in the use of personal protective equipment and the implementation of decontamination and disinfection procedures. The laboratory information management system procedures most frequently reported include sample identification and result dissemination protocols. The quality management system workstream overlaps significantly with the other four workstreams, with a strong emphasis on internal and external quality assurance measures. Coordination and interoperability aspects involve maintaining multiple collaborations, ranging from coordinating with local authorities to establishing international partnerships. Common field challenges included interrupted data transfer in areas characterized by poor connectivity and difficulties caused by extreme weather conditions.DiscussionThis review highlights RRML deployment procedures and addresses some critical challenges concerning their deployment. It suggests the provision of a pre-deployment logistics checklist, the use of a pre-determined standardized dataset for inputs to reduce data entry errors and the application of standardized internal and external quality assurance measures.

Summary: Background: Prognostic factors for ambulatory oncology patients have been described, including Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), tumor stage and malnutrition. However, there is no firm evidence on which variables best predict mortality in hospitalized patients receiving active systemic treatment. Our main goal was to develop a predictive model for 90-day mortality upon admission. Methods: Between 2020 and 2022, we prospectively collected data from three sites for cancer patients with hospitalizations. Those with metastatic disease receiving systemic therapy in the 6 months before unplanned admission were eligible to this study. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was used to select the most relevant factors to predict 90-day mortality at admission. A multivariable logistic regression was fitted to create the PROgnostic Score for Hospitalized Cancer Patients (PROMISE) score. The score was developed in a single-center training cohort and externally validated. Findings: Of 1658 hospitalized patients, 1009 met eligibility criteria. Baseline demographics, patient and disease characteristics were similar across cohorts. Lung cancer was the most common tumor type in both cohorts. Factors associated with higher 90-day mortality included worse ECOG, stable/progressive disease, low levels of albumin, increased absolute neutrophil count, and high lactate dehydrogenase. The c-index after bootstrap correction was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.75–0.82) and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.68–0.80) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. A web tool (https://promise.vhio.net/) was developed to facilitate the clinical deployment of the model. Interpretation: The PROMISE tool demonstrated high performance for identifying metastatic cancer patients who are alive 90 days after an unplanned hospitalization. This will facilitate healthcare providers with rational clinical decisions and care planning after discharge. Funding: Merck S.L.U., Spain.

Research on children’s destinations has primarily focused on school trips, yet their lives are more than that. Different destinations contribute to children’s quality of life in different ways, but this is rarely examined. For our research, focus groups were conducted with different stakeholders to better understand non-school destinations, namely by identifying common, daily, and informal destinations and perceptions of how they relate to children’s well-being. Online focus group discussions were conducted with children (aged 8–12), parents (with children aged 7–13), and experts from different cities across Canada in May and June 2023, to obtain diverse opinions about children’s destinations. The analysis was conducted based on a prior review to categorize children’s destinations, identify informal destinations, green and grey places, and the relation between those destinations to children’s well-being. Discussions with parents, children, and experts highlighted the diversity of destinations relevant to children. Leisure destinations were one of the most mentioned in the discussions. Spaces without specific rules or structures were identified by experts as beneficial for children’s cognitive, social, physical, and psychological health. Parents mentioned primarily formal places, whereas children and experts mentioned primarily informal ones. Green destinations were more associated with physical well-being, though children dominantly associated green destinations with psychological well-being as well. All groups dominantly associated grey-type destinations with social and cognitive well-being. Using these results, urban planners can develop strategies to improve children’s access to their daily destinations that support their well-being.