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3 results on '"Paul Kengfai Wan"'

1. Blockchain-Enabled Information Sharing Within a Supply Chain: A Systematic Literature Review

Author

Paul Kengfai Wan, Lizhen Huang, and Halvor Holtskog

Subjects
Blockchain, smart contract, supply chain management, information sharing, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

A supply chain consists of many stakeholders such as suppliers, carriers and customers. It is often complex due to the rapid development of economic globalization and the intense competition pressure in the market which resulted in information sharing within a supply chain to be fragmented. Blockchain technology can solve this problem by having only a “one trusted ledger” that could reshape the element of data trust. The goal of this paper is to identify and understand the impact of blockchain technology for information sharing within a supply chain. The decentralized nature of blockchain technology offers a high level of transparency and has gained the attention from various sectors to deploy this technology. A systematic literature review in the academic literature was conducted using different databases. Blockchain-enabled information sharing can add value to enhance collaborative work in different types of supply chains such as health and medical, construction and smart city. From our findings, one potential impact of deploying blockchain-enabled information sharing within a supply chain is that it ensures all members in the chain can obtain verified information which enhances collaborative partnerships. Through this in-depth research, we highlighted potential barriers that could impede the development of blockchain technology in supply chain such as the lack of understanding of blockchain technology in businesses and conflict of interests. Future work such as information hiding, in parallel with information sharing, could close the gap in deploying this technology within a supply chain. Understanding the nature of different supply chain is also important to better prepare the deployment of blockchain. We acknowledge that our approach in selecting literatures in our systematic review may exclude certain literatures. Nonetheless, we tried to include as many relevant literatures as possible, to develop a roadmap on the current situation of blockchain-enabled information sharing within a supply chain.

Published
2020
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2. Automated infection risks assessments (AIRa) for decision-making using a blockchain-based alert system: A case study in a representative building

Author

Paul Kengfai Wan, Lizhen Huang, Zhichen Lai, Xiufeng Liu, Mariusz Nowostawski, Halvor Holtskog, and Yongping Liu

Subjects
IoT, Digital forensics, Biochemistry, Risk Assessment, Ventilation, Smart building, Blockchain, IAQ, Air Pollution, Indoor, Humans, Air Conditioning, General Environmental Science, Decision-making, Risk assessment
Abstract

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is an important parameter in protecting the occupants of an indoor environment. Previous studies have shown that an indoor environment with poor ventilation increases airborne virus transmission. Existing research has concluded that high ventilation rates can reduce the risk of individuals in indoor environments being infected. However, most existing ventilation systems are designed to be efficient under non-pandemic conditions. Ultimately, indoor environments will become hotspots for the transmission of airborne viruses. Current infection risk assessments can estimate virus transmission via airborne routes, but with limited information sharing among stakeholders. Our own research did not identify any systems that integrate risk assessments with smart sensors in order to support information sharing with experts in indoor environments in their decision-making process. To fill this gap, we designed a blockchain-based prototype (AIRa) that integrates CO2 smart sensor data with infection risk assessments from a post-pandemic perspective. This system generates two types of alerts: (1) P-Alert and (2) R0-Alert for decision-making by building owners, such as increasing the ventilation rate or track and trace, as needed. AIRa shows various benefits over three existing infection-control alert systems. Our solution stores and shares information such as the timestamp and room number, instead of storing building user's personal information. Our approach does not require a QR code to be scanned or a mobile app to be downloaded in order to enable track and trace. However, AIRa is still an early prototype for evaluating the risks of airborne virus transmission in smart building environments. Multidisciplinary knowledge and technological research will be vital in formulating different alerts in the future.

Published
2022
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3. GDPR Compliance for Blockchain Applications in Healthcare

Author

Arild Faxvaag, Katina Kralevska, Anton Hasselgren, Paul Kengfai Wan, Danilo Gligoroski, and Margareth Horn

Subjects
Social and Information Networks (cs.SI), FOS: Computer and information sciences, Sikkerhet og sårbarhet: 424 [VDP], Blockchain, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, business.industry, Computer science, Interoperability, Internet privacy, Access control, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Compliance (psychology), Highly sensitive, Health data, Security and vulnerability: 424 [VDP], Computer Science - Computers and Society, Blockchain-based Governance, Work (electrical), Computers and Society (cs.CY), Health care, business, Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
Abstract

The transparent and decentralized characteristics associated with blockchain can be both appealing and problematic when applied to a healthcare use-case. As health data is highly sensitive, it is therefore, highly regulated to ensure the privacy of patients. At the same time, access to health data and interoperability are in high demand. Regulatory frameworks such as GDPR and HIPAA are, amongst other objectives, meant to contribute to mitigating the risk of privacy violations of health data. Blockchain features can likely improve interoperability and access control to health data, and at the same time, preserve or even increase, the privacy of patients. Blockchain applications should address compliance with the current regulatory framework to increase real-world feasibility. This exploratory work indicates that published proof-of-concepts in the healthcare domain comply with GDPR, to an extent. Blockchain developers need to make design choices to be compliant with GDPR since currently, none available blockchain platform can show compliance out of the box. (c) 2020 by Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC) Dubai, UAE

Published
2020

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