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The escalating threat of climate change has placed global coastal communities at risk, with rising sea levels and intensified storm events presenting unprecedented challenges. Coastal vulnerability assessments, conducted every 3–5 years, are crucial. This empirical study assesses the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) for the distinct coastal contexts of Dawlish, Happisburgh (England), and Aberystwyth (Wales). The CVI method consists of the Physical Coastal Vulnerability Index (PCVI) and the Economic Coastal Vulnerability Index (ECVI), which provide a multidimensional assessment of vulnerability for coastal zones. This integrated index allows for a nuanced evaluation of vulnerability, distinguishing between sites based on various factors. Additionally, this study conducted a correlation analysis to understand the associations between the parameters. The findings demonstrate that physical features like beach and dune widths significantly impact a location's natural defences, and economic factors such as property values and population density are equally crucial in determining societal risks and potential financial repercussions. The Combined Coastal Vulnerability Index (CCVI) results confirm the effectiveness of incorporating a diverse range of variables. Despite its substantial economic value, it reveals that Dawlish requires targeted protective measures, whereas Happisburgh needs an increased focus on its most vulnerable sectors. Aberystwyth emerges as the area with the highest overall vulnerability, underscoring the need for comprehensive coastal management practices. The study's conclusions emphasize the essential role of adaptive, integrated management strategies in enhancing coastal resilience against the complex threats posed by climate dynamics. Moving forward, the indices established herein advocate for their use in strategic planning and policymaking to strengthen coastal regions in the face of sea-level rise and climatic variability. This investigation lays the groundwork for future research, aimed at refining and expanding these methodologies, aspiring to develop a detailed national coastal vulnerability atlas, a critical tool for informed decision-making and safeguarding at-risk communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the agri-food industry faces a significant challenge in reducing food waste in line with circular economy principles. In this context, the frozen vegetables industry rejects products that do not meet consumers' appearance standards, leading to a waste of vegetables that could be reincorporated into the food chain. Thus, waste generated from broccoli, cauliflower, and peas in the last selection stages of a frozen vegetable industry manufacturer were collected, dehydrated, and transformed into flour. These flours were used to replace 50% of the wheat flour in a basic bakery product, using a baked dough made only with flour and water, and analyzed from physical, nutritional, and sensory perspectives. The doughs showed slight changes in texture, with increased hardness values and reduced cohesiveness, making them more difficult to handle, as well as changes in color due to the incorporation of vegetable pigments. However, from a nutritional perspective, these products were enriched in protein, with values that reached up to 20.88% in the sample made with broccoli flour, and dietary fiber, with an increase from 0.67% obtained in the control sample to 6.00% in the sample made with pea flour and to over 8 in the samples made with broccoli and cauliflower. This was accompanied by a reduction in total carbohydrates, leading to similar energy values (around 380 kcal/100 g dm). Furthermore, the content in total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were increased, especially when flours from the Brassica species were used. From the sensory point of view, all the samples made with vegetable flours received positive evaluations, even higher than the control sample when smell or taste was evaluated. In this regard, the samples made with cauliflower flour stood out when the taste was evaluated, reaching values above three on a scale where the maximum value was four. All of these results demonstrate that using these wasted vegetables can be a good alternative for improving the nutritional properties of basic bakery products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background and purpose Ir192 vaginal brachytherapy (IBT) is commonly used for patients with postoperative endometrial cancer (EC). We devised a novel multichannel vaginal applicator that could be equipped with an electronic brachytherapy (EBT) device. We aimed to explore the differences in physical parameters between the EBT and IBT. Materials and methods This retrospective study included 20 EC patients who received adjuvant IBT from March 1, 2023, to May 1, 2023. Multichannel vaginal cylinders were used, and three-dimensional plans were generated. We designed an electronic multichannel vaginal applicator model and simulated a three-dimensional EBT plan. In order to ensure comparability, D90 of the CTV for the EBT plan was normalized to be equivalent to that of the IBT plan for the same patient. Results Twenty EBT plans were compared with 20 IBT plans. Results showed, the mean D90 value of clinical target volume (CTV) was 536.1 cGy for both treatment plans. For the mean dose of CTV, the EBT was significantly greater (738.3 vs. 684.3 cGy, p = 0.000). There was no significant difference in CTV coverage between the EBT and IBT plans. For high-dose areas (V200% and V150%), the EBTs were significantly greater. There were no significant differences in the maximum doses to the vaginal mucosa between the EBT and IBT, whether at the apex or in the middle segment. For the bladder and rectum, both the low-dose area and high-dose area were significantly lower in the EBT plans. For the conformity index, there was no significant difference between the EBT and IBT plans. For the dose homogeneity index, the EBT value was lower. Conclusion In conclusion, under the premise of a three-dimensional brachytherapy plan, for patients receiving multichannel vaginal applicator brachytherapy, compared with IBT, EBT could reduce the dose to the surrounding organs at risk while maintaining the dose in the target area.

The paper presents the use of numerical modeling results for multivariate simulation of the manufacturing process of a wheel hub forging made of 20 HG alloy. The QForm 3D program was used to analyze the issue, which allowed to analyze the forging process without the need for expensive tools and technological tests. Based on insights from several variants of numerical calculations, new technology solutions were proposed, reducing the number of deficiencies found in industrial practice. In order to obtain full information about the phenomena occurring in the deformation process, numerical calculations were carried out in the areas of material flow, the degree of filling of blanks, the distribution of deformations and stresses in the various stages of the forging process in the die, and the elimination of defects in products. The information obtained formed the basis for proposing the optimal technology for forging wheel hubs.

Background and purpose: Ir192 vaginal brachytherapy (IBT) is commonly used for patients with postoperative endometrial cancer (EC). We devised a novel multichannel vaginal applicator that could be equipped with an electronic brachytherapy (EBT) device. We aimed to explore the differences in physical parameters between the EBT and IBT. Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 20 EC patients who received adjuvant IBT from March 1, 2023, to May 1, 2023. Multichannel vaginal cylinders were used, and three-dimensional plans were generated. We designed an electronic multichannel vaginal applicator model and simulated a three-dimensional EBT plan. In order to ensure comparability, D90 of the CTV for the EBT plan was normalized to be equivalent to that of the IBT plan for the same patient. Results: Twenty EBT plans were compared with 20 IBT plans. Results showed, the mean D90 value of clinical target volume (CTV) was 536.1 cGy for both treatment plans. For the mean dose of CTV, the EBT was significantly greater (738.3 vs. 684.3 cGy, p = 0.000). There was no significant difference in CTV coverage between the EBT and IBT plans. For high-dose areas (V200% and V150%), the EBTs were significantly greater. There were no significant differences in the maximum doses to the vaginal mucosa between the EBT and IBT, whether at the apex or in the middle segment. For the bladder and rectum, both the low-dose area and high-dose area were significantly lower in the EBT plans. For the conformity index, there was no significant difference between the EBT and IBT plans. For the dose homogeneity index, the EBT value was lower. Conclusion: In conclusion, under the premise of a three-dimensional brachytherapy plan, for patients receiving multichannel vaginal applicator brachytherapy, compared with IBT, EBT could reduce the dose to the surrounding organs at risk while maintaining the dose in the target area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood obesity is a major public health burden. The prevalence of weight excess for children and the adolescent population (8 to 16 years) is 34.9%. During childhood, lifestyles are acquired, which are developed in adulthood. In this context, the role of parents is crucial, since they are the model to imitate. We aimed to evaluate the current evidence on the effects of family-based interventions as a tool in the treatment of childhood obesity. We reviewed studies indexed in several databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Original articles published from 1 January 2014 to 30 May 2024 with a controlled trial design were considered, in which family-based interventions were carried out compared to a control group or to data before the intervention. Although 148 records were identified in the search, 6 studies met inclusion criteria. Overall, studies reported beneficial effects of family-based interventions on improving anthropometric parameters: BMI z-score, BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage. Regarding nutritional and physical activity guidelines, general recommendations must consider increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reducing sugary drinks, controlled screen time, and 30–60 min of physical activity/day. Thus, family-based interventions could be an effective non-pharmacological strategy for modulating childhood obesity, allowing families to modify their lifestyles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with two problems. The main problem is the parameter calculation for the Yarkovsky effect using analytic formulas and their comparison with that obtained through its inclusion in the number of parameters to be detected. Unknown physical parameters of asteroids are varied to obtain the boundary values from analytic formulas. Numerical calculations imply that acceleration driven by the Yarkovsky effect, is inversely proportional to the degree of the heliocentric distance. It is shown that numerical calculations for objects with a well-defined orbit are in good agreement with analytic boundaries. The second problem concerns the numerical calculation of the best degree value for the distance to the Sun. It is demonstrated that the best results are obtained at the degree value of 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this experimental study was to analyze the performance of the wastewater treatment plant located on the bank of a river in the province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador. To begin the evaluation, essential information was collected such as the socioeconomic activity of the community, the location and size of the plant, the population served, and the available treatment units, among other data. Field work was then carried out, which included measuring the treatment units and the inflow and outflow using the volumetric method to identify the time of highest demand. Samples were taken, whose laboratory analysis revealed that some physicochemical parameters did not comply with the standards established by TULSMA (Unified Text of Secondary Environmental Legislation) for discharges into freshwater bodies, especially in the levels of surfactants and actual color. With all the information gathered and the theoretical calculations for sizing the treatment units performed, it was concluded that the FAFA (Ascending Flow Anaerobic Filter) system was not working properly and that there were cracks in the septic tank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonal quality assessment of surface water provides not only a better understanding about pollution dynamics in water bodies but also information for the implementation of sustainable water-use management strategies. Such vital information is lacking for surface waters in most cities in sub-Sahara Africa region, especially Nigeria. The study aimed, therefore, to examine the seasonal physio-chemical characteristics of surface waters in Enugu urban, southeast Nigeria, during the dry and wet seasons. Twelve Surface water samples were collected from the six major rivers in Enugu urban during two seasons (wet and dry seasons). Their physico-chemical characteristics were determined by specific analyses between 2020 and 2022. Some of the parameters were measured in situ whereas bacterial analysis were analysed in the laboratory. Seasonal fluctuations in surface water quality characteristics were determined and the pollution status was compared to WHO standards. The results revealed that the parameters like Turbidity, Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrogen, Fecal coliform and total coliform were above the WHO permissible limit at all sites and for all seasons. Various anthropogenic activities, untreated sewage and effluent were the major sources of pollution to the river ecology and the surface water. Overall monitoring network results must be used to control pollution in catchments where industrial and urban activities are increasing in other to ensure effective water quality management, sustainability and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigated the effects of viscous, elastic and dielectric parameters on the EHD performance of a positive nematic liquid crystal 5CB using CFD (CFD stands for Computational Fluid Dynamics) method. The governing equations including the continuity, momentum and angular momentum equation are presented. The constitutive equations for viscoelastic deformation and shear stress were established based on the L-E and O-F theories. The variables of micro-flow velocity, 5CB molecular director angular velocity, etc were chosen as the EHD (EHD is the abbreviation for electrohydrodynamic dynamics) feature quantities. The application of a DC electric field can cause continuous stable micro-flow in LC cell. The magnitude and direction of micro-flow are coupled with the angular velocity of the 5CB directors and are also influenced by viscoelastic parameters. The relaxation time is inversely proportional to the electric field intensity and dielectric parameters, proportional to the viscous parameters, and independent of the elastic parameters. Using the micro-PIV experiments, the numerical simulation results were tested. A stable approximate antisymmetric 'S' type flow profile was obtained in the 5CB cell which is in good agreement with the simulation result. The conclusions can lay a theoretical foundation for further study and application of liquid crystalline microfluidic driving methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was undertaken on cattle bull semen reared at Frozen Semen Bull Station, Karimnagar, Telangana. The study was carried out on four cattle breeds (3 to 5 years of age) viz., Gir, Ongole, Jersey and Crossbred Jersey (CBJY). Semen was collected twice weekly from each bull using artificial vagina technique with a total of 32 ejaculates evaluated under study. The semen was diluted with Egg Yolk Tris Citrate (EYTC) extender and was evaluated for physical characteristics of neat semen, motility parameters and sperm viability percentage. The investigation revealed that Gir bull semen had significantly higher (p<0.05) ejaculate volume, mass motility, individual motility, sperm concentration compared to other breeds in present study. Whereas, Jersey bull semen had significantly higher (p<0.05) sperm viability percentage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the seasonal variability of water quality in the Tilacancha River, the water source that supplies Chachapoyas, and the rural communities of Levanto and San Isidro del Maino of Perú. Eighteen physical, chemical, and microbiological water parameters were evaluated at five sampling points in two seasons (rainy and dry). To determine water quality, the results obtained for the parameters evaluated were compared with the Maximum Permissible Limits (MPL) established in the Regulation on Water Quality for Human Consumption (DS Nº 031-2010-SA), approved by the Environmental Health Directorate of the Ministry of Health. In addition, a Pearson correlation was performed to estimate the correlation between the variables evaluated. The results showed that microbiological parameters exceeded the MPLs in both periods evaluated, such as the case of total coliforms (44 MPN.100 mL-1), fecal coliforms (25 MPN.100 mL-1), and E. coli (5.45 MPN.100 mL-1), these microbiological parameters reported a positive correlation with turbidity, temperature, total dissolved solids, and flow rate. In addition, aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn) exceeded the MPL in the rainy (0.26 mg Al.L-1) and dry (1.41 mg.Mn-1.L-1) seasons, respectively. The results indicated that the water of the Tilacancha River is not suitable for human consumption. Therefore, it must be treated in drinking water treatment plants to be used as drinking water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review focuses on thermodynamic and physical parameters, synthesis methods, and reported phases of Magnesium (Mg) containing high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Statistical data of publications concerning Mg-containing HEAs were collected and analyzed. Data on the chemical elements included in Mg-containing HEAs, their theoretical end experimental densities, thermodynamic parameters, physical parameters, fabricated techniques and reported phases were also collected and discussed. On the basis of this information, a new classification for HEAs was proposed. It is also shown that the existing thermodynamic parameters cannot accurately predict the formation of a single phase solid solution for Mg-containing HEAs. The physical parameters of Mg-containing HEAs are within a wide range, and most of the synthesized Mg-containing HEAs have a complex multiphase structure.

Abstract Temperature significantly influences the physical parameters of granite, resulting in variations in the rock's thermal conductivity. In order to examine the impact of changes in multiple physical parameters of granite at different temperatures on the thermal conductivity of rocks, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to determine the correlation between granite at different temperatures and various physical parameters, including density (ρ), P-wave velocity (P), thermal conductivity (K T ), and thermal diffusion coefficient (K D ). Utilizing the linear contribution rate, a single indicator 'y' was derived to comprehensively represent the thermal conductivity of rocks. Research findings indicate that within the temperature range of 150–450 °C, the 'y'-value is relatively high, signifying favorable thermal conductivity of the rock. Notably, longitudinal wave velocity demonstrates higher sensitivity to temperature changes compared to other physical parameters.

In recent years, research into biphasic solvents has become an important direction more efficient control of CO2 emissions. However, most biphasic absorbents still face challenges such as low cyclic capacity and high viscosity of the rich phase. To develop a novel solvent with enhanced cyclic capacity and reduced regeneration energy consumption, a biphasic solvent consisting of DETA/Isobutanol/H2O was proposed. The results demonstrate excellent absorption and desorption performance of the DETA/Isobutanol/H2O biphasic solvent, with an absorption capacity ranging from 1.13 to 1.35 mol/mol and a cyclic capacity ranging from 0.61 to 0.84 mol/mol. After conducting 5 times absorption-desorption experiments, the cyclic capacity of DETA/Isobutanol/H2O biphasic solvent remained at 0.8 mol/mol. The estimated energy consumption for regeneration, under lean phase load, was calculated to be 2.42 GJ/t CO2, which was 42.24 % lower than that of 30wt% MEA aqueous solution (4.19 GJ/t CO2). The DETA/Isobutanol/H2O solution exhibits promising potential in terms of absorption-desorption performance and regenerative energy consumption, making it an exceptional CO2 absorbent.

The current study focuses on investigating the solutions of the mathematical model in the form of special functions. The phenomenon is described by a set of partial differential equations, which are then transformed into non-dimensional form. In order to improve the rheology of the Casson fluid, a fractional model is developed by using a new fractional operator Constant Proportional Caputo (CPC) approach to investigate and formulate the dynamics of Casson fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena subjected to ramped wall temperature. The fluid flow is elaborated near an infinitely vertical plate with characteristics velocity u 0 . We began by introducing appropriate variables to transform the mathematical model into non-dimensional form. Laplace transformation operator applied to gain the solution from fractional model, then obtained results expressed in the form of well-known special functions. The influence of various pertinent parameters involving in the solution was carefully examined to unveil intriguing findings. Upon comparison, we observed that the CPC approach yielded better results, after comparison with classical models documented in the literature, with graphical representations provided to illustrate these outcomes. To comprehensively analyze the dynamics of the proposed problem, physical influence of various parameters is studied and repercussions are graphically highlighted and discussed. Additionally, we derived results in a limiting sense, including Casson and viscous fluid models transitioning from the classical form to the fractionalized fluid model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a comparative analysis of published data for the physical parameters of the ZGP (ZnGeP2) crystal, its nonlinear and phase-matching properties, and functional capabilities for all frequency conversion processes (harmonics, sum and difference frequencies, and parametric generation). At the first time, the possibilities for obtaining the temperature-noncritical processes for some combinations of wavelengths are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the use of numerical modeling results for multivariate simulation of the manufacturing process of a wheel hub forging made of 20 HG alloy. The QForm 3D program was used to analyze the issue, which allowed to analyze the forging process without the need for expensive tools and technological tests. Based on insights from several variants of numerical calculations, new technology solutions were proposed, reducing the number of deficiencies found in industrial practice. In order to obtain full information about the phenomena occurring in the deformation process, numerical calculations were carried out in the areas of material flow, the degree of filling of blanks, the distribution of deformations and stresses in the various stages of the forging process in the die, and the elimination of defects in products. The information obtained formed the basis for proposing the optimal technology for forging wheel hubs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Information about all existing synthesized Mg containing high entropy alloys has been collected, systematized and analyzed. • Mg has a significant influence on the high entropy alloys properties. • Classification of high entropy alloys based on its density was proposed. • Unlocking novel insights in magnesium-inclusive high-entropy alloys. • Advancements in magnesium-enriched high-entropy alloys. This review focuses on thermodynamic and physical parameters, synthesis methods, and reported phases of Magnesium (Mg) containing high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Statistical data of publications concerning Mg-containing HEAs were collected and analyzed. Data on the chemical elements included in Mg-containing HEAs, their theoretical end experimental densities, thermodynamic parameters, physical parameters, fabricated techniques and reported phases were also collected and discussed. On the basis of this information, a new classification for HEAs was proposed. It is also shown that the existing thermodynamic parameters cannot accurately predict the formation of a single phase solid solution for Mg-containing HEAs. The physical parameters of Mg-containing HEAs are within a wide range, and most of the synthesized Mg-containing HEAs have a complex multiphase structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rich in fiber and bioactive compounds, roselle calyx decoction residues offer opportunities in food processing. This study sought to develop a directly expanded snack with a mixture of corn and roselle calyx decoction residues, optimizing its physical qualities. It was conducted in 2023, using the response surface methodology with three factors and three responses. The directly expanded snack showed expansion index values between 1.75 to 2.64, bulk density of 0.15 to 0.38 g cm-3 and firmness of 6.8 to 19.6 N, with attractive purple-lilac shades. The regression models were adequate and using the desirability method, optimal conditions (OT= 132.3 °C, SS= 240 rpm) and roselle inclusion level (J= 12.4%) were determined for an optimized directly expanded snack. It was concluded that the inclusion of up to 12.4% of roselle calyx allowed obtaining snacks with excellent physical characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little millet (Panicum sumatrense) is one of the underutilised indigenous nutricereals due to coarse nature and drudgery associated with processing. Minimal processing such as germination could convert it into edible form. The present study revealed that 24 h germinated little millets were better source of vitamin C (5.11 mg/100 g) and total soluble solids (2.33%) with substantial α-amylase activity (1.34 μg/100 g), milling yield (71.03%) and overall acceptability (8.73) for cooked grains compared to non-germinated and germinated ones for 12, 18, 36, 42 and 48 h. Germination enhanced hydration, swelling capacities by 25.71, 36.17% respectively and decreased bulk density, tapped density of little millets by 5.06, 5.88% respectively due to breakdown of complex components into simpler ones by hydrolytic enzymes. Consequently, germination enhanced water uptake ratio, elongation ratio, volume expansion ratio of cooked little millets by 19.35, 5.60, 39.51% respectively and decreased cooking time, gelatinisation temperature, solid content by 31.95, 20.26, 20.03% respectively. Further, it improved protein, fiber, total mineral contents by 6.92, 26.90, 130.77%, respectively and reduced moisture, fat, energy, reducing sugar contents by 5.79, 65.80, 5.74, 6.07% respectively due to activation of metabolic machineries which promoted synthesis and release of bound constituents by reducing antinutrients. These germinated little millets with better cooking quality, nutritional and sensory profile can be consumed by obese and diabetic people or utilised as functional ingredients for formulation of low bulk weaning and complementary mixes or nourishing convenience foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas fracturing technology for enhancing rock permeability is an area with considerable potential for development. However, the complexity and variability of underground conditions mean that a variety of rock physical parameters can affect the outcome of gas fracturing, with temperature being a critical factor that cannot be overlooked. The presence of a temperature field adds further complexity to the process of gas-induced rock fracturing. To explore the effects of temperature fields on gas fracturing technology, this paper employs numerical simulation software to model the extraction of shale gas under different temperature conditions using gas fracturing techniques. The computer simulations monitor variations in the mechanical characteristics of rocks during the process of gas fracturing. This analysis is performed both prior to and following the implementation of a temperature field. The results demonstrate that gas fracturing technology significantly improves rock permeability; temperature has an impact on the effectiveness of gas fracturing, with appropriately high temperatures capable of enhancing the fracturing effect. The temperature distribution plays a crucial role in influencing the results of gas fracturing. When the temperature is low, the fracturing effect is diminished, resulting in a lower efficiency of shale gas extraction. Conversely, when the temperature is high, the fracturing effect is more pronounced, leading to a higher shale gas production efficiency. Optimal temperatures can enhance the efficacy of gas fracturing and consequently boost the efficiency of shale gas extraction. Changes in the parameters of the rock have a substantial impact on the efficiency of gas extraction, and selecting suitable rock parameters can enhance the recovery rate of shale gas. This paper, through numerical simulation, investigates the influence of temperature on gas fracturing technology, with the aim of contributing to its improved application in engineering practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological maturity status significantly influences success in handball, impacting an athlete’s performance and overall development. This study aimed to examine the anthropometric and physical performance variables concerning age and maturity status, establishing reference values for physical performance among Tunisian players. A total of 560 handball players (309 males and 251 females aged 13–19 years) were categorized based on maturity status: early (n = 98), average (n = 262), and late (n = 200), determined through Mirwald and colleagues’ equations. Anthropometric, physical fitness, and physiological data were collected for reference value creation. Our findings revealed significantly higher anthropometric parameters (p = 0.003) in late-maturing athletes compared to their early-maturing counterparts. Post-pubertal athletes showed significantly superior (p = 0.002) jumping ability, change of direction, and aerobic performance compared to their pre-pubertal peers. Additionally, male athletes outperformed females in both fitness (p = 0.001) and aerobic (p = 0.001) performance. A notable age-by-maturity interaction emerged for most performance outcomes (η2 ranging from 0.011 to 0.084), highlighting increased sex-specific differences as athletes progressed in age. Percentile values are provided for males and females, offering valuable insights for coaches and sports scientists to design personalized training programs. Understanding a player’s performance relative to these percentiles allows trainers to tailor workouts, addressing specific strengths and weaknesses for enhanced development and competitiveness.

Currently, the agri-food industry faces a significant challenge in reducing food waste in line with circular economy principles. In this context, the frozen vegetables industry rejects products that do not meet consumers’ appearance standards, leading to a waste of vegetables that could be reincorporated into the food chain. Thus, waste generated from broccoli, cauliflower, and peas in the last selection stages of a frozen vegetable industry manufacturer were collected, dehydrated, and transformed into flour. These flours were used to replace 50% of the wheat flour in a basic bakery product, using a baked dough made only with flour and water, and analyzed from physical, nutritional, and sensory perspectives. The doughs showed slight changes in texture, with increased hardness values and reduced cohesiveness, making them more difficult to handle, as well as changes in color due to the incorporation of vegetable pigments. However, from a nutritional perspective, these products were enriched in protein, with values that reached up to 20.88% in the sample made with broccoli flour, and dietary fiber, with an increase from 0.67% obtained in the control sample to 6.00% in the sample made with pea flour and to over 8 in the samples made with broccoli and cauliflower. This was accompanied by a reduction in total carbohydrates, leading to similar energy values (around 380 kcal/100 g dm). Furthermore, the content in total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were increased, especially when flours from the Brassica species were used. From the sensory point of view, all the samples made with vegetable flours received positive evaluations, even higher than the control sample when smell or taste was evaluated. In this regard, the samples made with cauliflower flour stood out when the taste was evaluated, reaching values above three on a scale where the maximum value was four. All of these results demonstrate that using these wasted vegetables can be a good alternative for improving the nutritional properties of basic bakery products.

Biological maturity status significantly influences success in handball, impacting an athlete's performance and overall development. This study aimed to examine the anthropometric and physical performance variables concerning age and maturity status, establishing reference values for physical performance among Tunisian players. A total of 560 handball players (309 males and 251 females aged 13–19 years) were categorized based on maturity status: early (n = 98), average (n = 262), and late (n = 200), determined through Mirwald and colleagues' equations. Anthropometric, physical fitness, and physiological data were collected for reference value creation. Our findings revealed significantly higher anthropometric parameters (p = 0.003) in late-maturing athletes compared to their early-maturing counterparts. Post-pubertal athletes showed significantly superior (p = 0.002) jumping ability, change of direction, and aerobic performance compared to their pre-pubertal peers. Additionally, male athletes outperformed females in both fitness (p = 0.001) and aerobic (p = 0.001) performance. A notable age-by-maturity interaction emerged for most performance outcomes (η2 ranging from 0.011 to 0.084), highlighting increased sex-specific differences as athletes progressed in age. Percentile values are provided for males and females, offering valuable insights for coaches and sports scientists to design personalized training programs. Understanding a player's performance relative to these percentiles allows trainers to tailor workouts, addressing specific strengths and weaknesses for enhanced development and competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of lithium borate cadmium glasses doped with cobalt oxide (CoO) (LiBCdCo) was achieved using the traditional melt-quench process. The chemical composition of the glasses was determined to be 12 % Li 2 O – 5 % CdO – (83-z)% B 2 O 3 , where z represents the mol% of CoO and ranges from 0.0 to 2. Various experimental approaches, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, FTIR and electrical measurements, were employed to investigate the physical, structural, and electrical properties. XRD patterns obtained from the manufactured glass specimens revealed their amorphous nature. The EDX analysis provides insight into the exact chemical composition of the materials in their prepared form. Raman spectroscopy and FTIR analysis have been employed to verify the disparity in the chemical bonds present in lithium borate cadmium glasses, both in their undoped state and when doped with 2 % CoO. The study observed a decrease in density and oxygen packing density as the molar ratios of the modifier oxides in the produced glasses increased. The present study investigates the electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of the glass samples manufactured, focusing on the influence of electron beam irradiation (E.B.). The investigation revealed that the samples exhibited greater effects when exposed to higher doses (100 kGy) of electron beam irradiation. This can be attributed to the increased occurrence of defects, specifically the formation of non-bridging oxygen species (NBOs). The ac-conductivity measurements indicate that the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) mechanism is the most suitable explanation for the ac-conduction behavior observed. This mechanism involves the electron conduction in the CoO-doped glass samples through the hopping of electrons between relaxation sites. This conduction process is facilitated by the conversion of BO 3 units into BO 4 units and the reduction of cobalt ions from Co+2 to Co+3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Human behaviour-related activities have undergone longterm development. The extent to which a motor task is completed and the outcome of the activities is referred to as performance. Sports training focuses on improving motor abilities associated with a certain sport discipline. Assumed performance is determined by motor ability and motor skill. This study focus on investigating the effect of ladder training in different sports in promoting the physical components. Materials and Methods: A review study was conducted. The data was collected from the various databases and search engines like pub med, google scholar and research gate etc. The articles were included fixing a criterion according to the needs to rule out the effectiveness of ladder training in various others sports. Conclusions: Training with the ladder has shown immense improvement in performance in sports by promoting the physical parameters required in ever sports including speed, quickness, power, stability of body, coordination, response time as well as can be further implemented in long run to increase injury prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two factors are directly involved in obtaining superior wood in quantitative and qualitative aspects, respectively an optimal consumption of nutrients (macro and micro-elements) and the optimal plants density at the surface unit. In this context, the present research have been made in order to establish the influence degree of the planting and the fertilization scheme on the physical and mechanical properties that restore the value from the point of view of wood quality to Pauownia ssp. Experimental results showed that best of all the fibers harvested from the experimental variants where the planting schemes of 5x5 m or 6x6 m were used and were administered 40 kg/ha Polyfeed 14-14-28+2MgO+ME by fertirigation during the vegetation period of the plants, the balanced ratio between the nutrients giving to the plants increased resistance to the mechanical factors action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basketball is a sport that requires basic and motor characteristics such as strength, speed, endurance and coordination, high-intensity activities such as jumping, dribbling, shooting, blocking and sprinting. It is also a sports discipline that requires aerobic and anaerobic energy processes as well as including intense activities such as jump shooting, blocking shots, movements with rapid changes of direction and high speed. In this discipline, there are many characteristics that affect performance and proper execution of technical and tactical elements according to the positions of the game. The purpose of this paper literature review is to investigate and research the impact of training programs on physical parameters in basketball in age groups. To successfully realize this review paper we studied and analyzed contemporary scientific literature. In this literature review, basic principles of selection in several stages of literature by means keywords are used based on works. Major databases were used through the Jab Ref program such as Cross Ref, DOAJ, Inspire, Web of Science, Scopus, and Sport Discus in the last 10 years. In the literature used, one can clearly see importance of understanding that, higher quality level of sportsman movement culture, higher level of mastery of teaching tasks and higher level of movement skills education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorine is the most common disinfectant in drinking water distribution practice. World Health Organization recommends 0.2–5.0 mg/l of residual chlorine in drinking water. This paper analyzed influence of physical and water quality parameters on chlorine decay in drinking water distribution. Principal component analysis, directed tree and regression were used to investigate influence of these parameters on chlorine from water treatment plant to water consumption points. Results show that initial chlorine, electrical conductivity and distance explain 62 % of chlorine decay with estimated error of 0.045 mg/l. The decision-tree feature importance scores of initial chlorine and electrical conductivity were 0.47 and 0.23 respectively. The combined feature importance scores of physical parameters of distance (0.09), pipe diameter (0.06), flow velocity (0.03), pressure (0.02) and travel time (0.046) were less than that for initial chlorine concentration (0.47) alone. These results show that conventional chlorination at water treatment plants removes largely fast inorganic reactants leaving traces of slow organic reactants as the dominant secondary contaminants in water distribution system. The key policy recommendation is to use water quality parameters more than physical parameters in order to enable water utility managers maintain residual chlorine within safe public health standards.

Based on numerical prediction products from China Meteorological Administration Beijing model (CMA-BJ), precipitation observation of ground weather stations in Beijing and ECMWF ERA5 dataset, the hourly rainfall samples from April to September during 2019-2021 are divided into short-duration heavy rainfall (SDHR, greater than 20 mm·h-1), ordinary rainfall (between 0.1 and 19.9 mm·h-1) and no rainfall (less than 0.1 mm·h-1). The probability density distribution characteristics of physical parameters are comparatively analyzed, including moisture conditions, thermal and energy conditions, and dynamic conditions for three categories. Monthly predictors are selected from these parameters by comparing their ability to discriminate among SDHR, ordinary rainfall and no rainfall weather. It is found that the distributions and thresholds of physical parameters differ between months to some extent. Among that, moisture conditions, thermal and energy conditions, and dynamic conditions are relatively stronger but with less discrimination degrees among SDHR, ordinary rainfall and no rainfall weather in July and August. The background circulation and the distributions of physical parameters show obvious monthly differences, so the forecast model is established for each different period. After that, forecast model of SDHR for 0-12 h at 1 h intervals in different periods is established by using the ingredients-based method and fuzzy logic algorithms. When probabilistic and composite reflectivity thresholds are 0.6 dBZ and 15 dBZ, threat score (TS) and bias of SDHR are 0.14 and 1.14 in Beijing from April to September during 2019-2021, showing relatively better forecasts. Therefore, the probabilistic and composite reflectivity thresholds corresponding to the optimal TS and bias for 2019-2021 are taken as the forecast probability and eliminating false thresholds of SDHR, and 0-12 h hourly forecast products of SDHR four times a day are tested from April to September of 2022. Results show that TS and bias of SDHR are 0.104 and 1.341, respectively, indicating that the probability prediction products are better than that of CMA-BJ. SDHR products achieve greater improvement, and balance hit rate and false alarm rate well in the piedmont and plain areas with high SDHR frequency. But performances in mountainous areas are not as good as that in plain areas, which may be related to less stations in the mountainous areas of the forecast model. In addition, the result based on case analysis show the predicted area of the products is relatively larger, but high probability area has a good indication for SDHR in Beijing.

In order to improve the shortcomings of the traditional monitoring equipment that is difficult to measure the daily physical parameters of the elderly and improve the accuracy of parameter measurement, this article designs wearable devices through the Internet of Things technology and virtual reality technology. With this device, four daily physical parameters of the elderly, such as exercise heart rate, blood pressure, plantar health, and sleep function, are measured. The feasibility of the measurement method and equipment is verified by experiments. The experimental results showed that the accuracy of the measurement method based on the reflective photoplethysmography signal was high, with the mean and difference values of the subjects’ heart rate basically lying around 0 BPM and in good agreement between the estimated heart rate and the reference value. In the blood pressure measurements, the correlation coefficient between the Prs{P}_{rs} estimate and the reference value was 0.81. The estimation accuracy of the device used in the article was high, with the highest correlation coefficient of 0.96 ± 0.02 for subjects’ heart rate at rest, and its estimation error rate was 0.02 ± 0.01. The Pnth{P}_{{n}th} value for subject B8 exceeded the threshold of 0.5 before subject B21, and subject B8 had more severe symptoms, which was consistent with the actual situation. The wearable device was able to identify the subject’s eye features and provide appropriate videos to help subjects with poor sleep quality to fall asleep. The article provides a method and device that facilitates healthcare professionals to make real-time enquiries and receive user health advice.

Childhood obesity is a major public health burden. The prevalence of weight excess for children and the adolescent population (8 to 16 years) is 34.9%. During childhood, lifestyles are acquired, which are developed in adulthood. In this context, the role of parents is crucial, since they are the model to imitate. We aimed to evaluate the current evidence on the effects of family-based interventions as a tool in the treatment of childhood obesity. We reviewed studies indexed in several databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Original articles published from 1 January 2014 to 30 May 2024 with a controlled trial design were considered, in which family-based interventions were carried out compared to a control group or to data before the intervention. Although 148 records were identified in the search, 6 studies met inclusion criteria. Overall, studies reported beneficial effects of family-based interventions on improving anthropometric parameters: BMI z-score, BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage. Regarding nutritional and physical activity guidelines, general recommendations must consider increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reducing sugary drinks, controlled screen time, and 30–60 min of physical activity/day. Thus, family-based interventions could be an effective non-pharmacological strategy for modulating childhood obesity, allowing families to modify their lifestyles.

Introduction: The need of water fit for consumption will continue to be sustainable along with the increasing human population, so we need a source of clean water that suitable for consumption. Therefore, this study aims to determine the water quality status of the Way Batanghari river based on an analysis of the feasibility of potable water. Methods: This research used survey method and water sampling in the Way Batanghari tributary, Metro City, Lampung using the consecutive sampling method. Results and Discussion: The physical parameters which include water color exceeds the 50 TCU and indicates the odor of ammonia. The chemical parameters which include COD were 63.5 mg/L (4th class) upstream, 59.3 mg/L (4th class) downstream. DO values upstream were 4.36 mg/L (1st class), 2.83 mg/L (3rd class) downstream. The phosporus value shows a number of 0.54 mg/L (2nd class). pH parameter which shows a value of 7.1 on the upstream, 6.6 on the downstream. Found species from class of Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae as parameters of pollution. Conclusion: Based on Regulation of the Minister of Health, Republic of Indonesia Number 492 of 2010, this river has color and odor of water shows that indicates not meet the requirements for consumption.

Snakehead fish (Channa striata) is one of the natural ingredients that have the potential to heal wounds quickly. Snakehead fish extract ointment with a combination of kelulut honey, clove oil, golden sea cucumber extract, and green betel extract can accelerate wound healing. Standardization is a process carried out to ensure the stability, safety, quality, and efficacy of the natural ingredients used. This study aims to standardize simplicia (fish fillet) raw materials used for the manufacture of snakehead fish extract herbal ointment. The method used follows the Indonesian National Standard, samples were sent to LPPT UGM and Baristand Pontianak. The results of the simplicia (fish fillet) test for snakehead fish were 81.6% water content, 0.813% total ash content, 0.02% acid-insoluble ash content, 19.3% protein, 2.93% total fat, 0.01% iron mg/kg, zinc 0.002 mg/kg, and calcium 817 mg/kg and the alkaloid and tannin quality tests were negative. the results of the simplicia test (fish fillet) for snakehead fish E. coli 3 AMP/gr, ALT 3.2 x 104 colonies/g, and the Salmonella test also met the requirements. The results of characterization tests with various methods and parameters that have been carried out show that the simplicia (fish fillet) of snakehead fish (Channa striata) has good quality and quality to be processed into extracts.

The rate at which freshwater sources are being contaminated by mining operations in the South-Western part of Ghana is alarming. However, no study has quantified the degree of contamination of the freshwater in such areas, leaving a gap in the literature that requires immediate attention. This study assessed the quality of the surface and groundwater in the Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality. Even though the physical parameters such as pH and electrical conductivity were indicative of safe freshwater, other parameters such as turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), and heavy metals in the water sources were high; thus, confirming possible leaching, runoff, and dissolution of the hazardous substances employed in the manganese mining operations. The water quality of 82% of the water sources along the Kawere Stream was low (Classes III and IV). Therefore, the local people are at risk of contracting water-related diseases, and health problems associated with the ingestion of Fe, As, and Mn. The findings in this study are important in establishing the rate at which mining operations are reducing the quality of freshwater in developing countries, and potentially affecting human health. HIGHLIGHTS The local people around the Kawere Stream depend more on groundwater due to the non-potable state of the stream.; The public health of the local people may be a major issue in the nearest future if the contaminants present in the groundwater are life-threatening.; 82% of the water sources are of poor quality.; Fe, As, and Mn contribute immensely to water contamination.; Indigenes are at risk of water-related diseases.;

This study aims to determine the physical changes resulting from technical training applied to adolescent wrestlers. Twenty-four male wrestlers volunteered to participate in the study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: Experimental group (EG, n=14) and Control group (CG, n=14). The EG had a mean age of 12.54±0.82 years, a mean body weight of 48.36±8.23 kg, and a mean height of 156.18±8.58 cm. The CG had a mean age of 13.62±0.33 years, a mean body weight of 47.43±6.65 kg, and a mean height of 158.24±2.26 cm. The EG performed a 12-week technical training specific to freestyle wrestling while the CG continouned their regular wrestling training. Before and after the 12 week training period, skinfold thickness and body circumference measurements were carried out. There were significant differences between pre and post tests in subscapula, biceps, triceps, pectoral, abdominal, suprailiac, abdominal, suprailiac, and tight (p

Food fortification has always been an effective and proven practice for eradicating various nutrient deficiencies in Bangladesh. This study investigated different quality parameters of three types (soybean, sunflower, and palm) of extensively consumed fortified edible oils in Bangladesh. Vitamin A analysis has shown that the vitamin A fortification level of most of the oil brands (73 %) did not comply with the Bangladesh Standard and Testing Institution (BSTI) standards (1.5–3.0 mg/100 g). Vitamin A contents of soybean, sunflower, and palm oil brands ranged from 0.13 to 2.06, 0.92–1.34, and 0.99–1.31 mg/100 g, respectively. Inter-brand values of vitamin A were also significantly different (p

Monitoring water quality is absolutely essential for formulating policies that affect public and environmental health. The study samples were collected during the period from autumn 2021 to summer 2022, The study show the environmental deterioration of Al-Ashar canal compared with Shatt Al-Arab estuary. including some physical parameters: air and water temperature, which had the highest values in station 2 during July and reached 38.9 and 29 C°, respectively while salinity concentrations recorded a high at station 1. achieved (8.8) g/L. Turbidity and total suspended matter concentrations increased at station 3, achieving 106 NTU and 100 mg/L, respectively. Also the chemical and biological parameters in Al-Ashar Canal were very poor compared to the Shatt Al-Arab, including: pH, whose values were in the basal direction, and the highest values were recorded in station 3, achieving 8.89 Also, there was an increase in the values of the biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand, achieving 2400 and 590 mg/L at stations 2 and 3 respectively. While a decrease was recorded in the dissolved oxygen values in station 3, which amounted to 0.13 mg /L, nutrients ( , and ) increased at station 3,2,2. achieving 1.79, 17.982 and 15.51 µg/L, respectively. Also, the values of chlorophyll A increased at station 2 and reached 215.72 µg/L. The aimed of the study is determined the water quality of Al-Ashar canal and compared with Shatt Al-Arab.

In this paper, a machine-learning-based location prediction model for maritime transport applications is proposed. In the proposed model, only environmental parameters are used as the input of the model, which makes the model autonomous. Meaning that the proposed model does not require information from any source other than onboard sensors. The Persian Gulf is used as the test case in this study. The sea depth, magnetic field intensity, and gravitational field intensity are three input features of the proposed model, and the corresponding coordination are the output. In the proposed methodology, the problem of location prediction is formulated as a regression problem and the above three parameters are used to train the main regression models. In this paper, two methods are used as the baseline, artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector regression. The simulation results illustrate the high accuracy and good performance of the ANN in location prediction tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to study and characterize the drying kinetics, the heat mass transfer coefficients, the densities, the thermal effusivities, the thermal diffusivities and Young's modulus of three tropical kinds of wood: ayous (triplochiton scleroxylon), sapelli (Entandrophragma cylindricum) and iroko (Milicia excelsa). A comparison has been doing between drying using a low expensive solar dryer in natural convection and drying using open-air conditions. The novelty of this work is to use an experimental study during the rainiest period in the city of Maroua, one city in Cameroon with a hard climate. Densities are influenced by the origin of the samples in the plank and increase linearly with the moisture content. At 30&per; of humidity (d.b), average densities of sapelli, iroko, and ayous were equal to 1000, 760 and 600 kg/m3 respectively. Thermal effusivities and thermal diffusivities increase linearly with the moisture content. Thermal diffusivities of the three kinds of wood are very near (2 × 10−7 m2/s at 30&per; of humidity (d.b)) and thermal effusivities increase with the wood densities with values located from 560 to 620 J/(K.m2.s0.5) at 30&per; of humidity (d.b). The heat mass transfer coefficients are influenced by the night and day and vary from 1.5 × 10−8–1.8 × 10−7 m/s for the global mass transfer coefficients, and from 1.8–6.5 W/(m2K) for the heat transfer coefficients. According to the variations of the values of young's modulus and the drying kinetics, drying in open-air conditions is more rapid and not recommended than one in the solar dryer. The equilibrium humidity of all samples is near 10&per; (d.b). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accidental release from a hydrogen car tank in a confined space like a tunnel poses safety concerns. This Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study focuses on the first seconds of such a release, which are the most critical. Hydrogen leaks through a Thermal Pressure Relief Device (TPRD), forms a high-speed jet that impinges on the street, spreads horizontally, recirculates under the chassis and fills the area below it in about one second. The "fresh-air entrainment effect" at the back of the car changes the concentrations under the chassis and results in the creation of two "tongues" of hydrogen at the rear corners of the car. Two other tongues are formed near the front sides of the vehicle. In general, after a few seconds, hydrogen starts moving upwards around the car mainly in the form of buoyant blister-like structures. The average hydrogen volume concentrations below the car have a maximum of 71%, which occurs at 2 s. The largest "equivalent stoichiometric flammable gas cloud size Q9" is 20.2 m3 at 2.7 s. Smaller TPRDs result in smaller hydrogen flow rates and smaller buoyant structures that are closer to the car. The investigation of the hydrogen dispersion during the initial stages of the leak and the identification of the physical phenomena that occur can be useful for the design of experiments, for the determination of the TPRD characteristics, for potential safety measures and for understanding the further distribution of the hydrogen cloud in the tunnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider n$$ n $$‐dimensional systems of differential equations applied to model a range of physical phenomena, where n$$ n $$ represents any positive integer. The defining characteristic that we focus on are the magnitudes of the inherent physical parameters, which are frequently of different orders of magnitude for various physical systems. This property, inherent to the given physical problems, can be exploited to reduce the problems into a set of much simpler subproblems, expanding our ability to gain physical insight in terms of the underlying simpler subproblems. These orders of magnitude motivate the choice of a specific class of transformations that can be chosen to reduce the number of required dynamic iterations in a sequence‐based approach to examining such systems. This is also useful for the development of proof techniques for proving properties of mathematical models, such as their well‐posedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was performed to determine the impact of sex and sport-discipline on physical fitness and bone markers in young sub-elite track and field athletes. One hundred and forty-four track and field sub-elite athletes (78 males aged 17.8±1.6 years; 66 females aged 17.2±1.9 years) volunteered to participate in this study and were categorized according to their disciplines in endurance (EG: n=67) or power athletes (PG: n=77). A significant main effect of sex was observed for C-telopeptide type I collagen (CTx) (F=11.37; p<0.001; η2 =0.10, moderate), for osteocalcin (OC) (F=8.58; p<0.004; η2 =0.09, moderate) and for N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PINP) (F=7.96; p<0.05; η2 =0.07, moderate). The average CTx, OC and P1NP levels were significantly higher in males compared with females (0.05< p <0.001; η2= 0.07 to 0.10, moderate). In addition, a significant main effect of sport-discipline was observed only for P1NP values (F=10.16; p<0.002; η2 =0.09, moderate) with EG showing higher levels than PG. For jumping and sprinting tests, the PG performed better than the EG. For the endurance test, EG had better performance than PG. Endurance and power exercise practices can increase bone formation markers (P1NP, OC), but only anaerobic training (PG group) appears to positively impact on male track and field athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dating young peatlands using the 210Pb dating procedure is a challenging task. The traditional 210Pb age models assume an exponential decline in radioactivity in line with depth in the peat profile. Lead exhibits considerable migratory capacity in Arctic peatlands; hence, to perform precise peat dating, existing models should be enhanced to remove the effects of migration. Independent isotope chronometers, such as 137Cs, can verify this. The Monte Carlo method and IP-CRS were utilised, together with several CA, CF/CS, PF, and CF models, to analyse the peat core samples acquired in the Arkhangelsk region. Data analysis revealed that the height partitioning of 137Cs and 210Pb is associated with physical characteristics, like the peat ash and the bulk density of the bog. Comparison between the natural activity of 210Pb in the peat and the radioactivity of 137Cs measured at depths of 19–21 cm in relation to the global fallout in 1963 indicated that the CF/CS, CF, and IP-CRS models (1965, 1962 and 1964, respectively) gave the closest age to the reference point given. IP-CRS was found to be the preferred model of these three options, as it gave a rather closer correlation with the 137Cs activity specific to the reference layer, allowing the error. The core dating of 210Pb showed an age of 1963 for a depth of 17–19 cm, which was in agreement with the reference horizon 137Cs and ash content, thus validating the accuracy and sufficiency of the selected model turf profile chronology. The maximum content of man-made radioisotopes in the peatlands corresponded to the formulation of the Partial Test Ban Treaty of 1963. The rates of accumulation of peat and atmospheric flux of 210Pb are in good agreement with the values available for the bogs of Northern Europe and those previously estimated by the authors in the subarctic region of European Russia. Although the problems of the complex migration-related distribution of 210Pb in the peat layer were considered, the dating methods used were effective in our study and can be adapted in following studies to perform the age determination of different peat deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinoa is an ancient crop that is nutritious, balanced, and suitable for most people. However, it has not been known and sought by the public until modern times. In recent years, quinoa has been intensively known and widely grown in China. Quinoa mechanized production machines have also been developed. With the help of DEM, we design and optimize the quinoa combined seeder, improving seeding efficiency and quality. In this paper, the basic physical and contact mechanics parameters required for the Hertz-Mindlin (no slip) of quinoa seeds in EDEM software were determined. The coefficient of rolling friction of quinoa seeds was calibrated on DEM, and which of Long Quinoa 4 is 0.043, and that of Meng Quinoa 4 was 0.016. Meanwhile, we can find that the coefficient of rolling friction strengthens the shape to restrict rolling and weakens the shape to increase rolling. The above research provides simulation parameters for the design and optimization of quinoa seed seeding machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated liquid crystalline p-azoxyanisole and azobenzene based compounds using reported experimental crystal structure data and molecular dynamic study to understand the underlying reasons why p-azoxyanisole shows mesophase and not azobenzene compounds. Simulated moduli and molecular polarizabilities of PAA are in agreement with the reported experimental values. This study also gives an insight to understand the structure–property relation in these compounds. For the first time, topological data analysis has been carried out using two-dimensional plot that is generated using platon and.cif files of different compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a comprehensive analysis of the physical parameters and relationships of umbral dots (UDs), which assists in our understanding of the physical properties of the Sun. This study is based on a detailed analysis of UDs detected in 12 umbras belonging to 10 different sunspots using high-resolution data recorded by the Goode Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory. We obtained the physical parameters (total intensity, diameter, eccentricity, lifetime, and dynamic velocity) of each UD and calculated correlation coefficients using linear and nonlinear approaches to reveal the relationships between these parameters. We found that: i) The diameter of UDs vary between 92.2 km and 246.5 km, the eccentricity varies between 0.02 and 0.65, the lifetimes of UDs vary from 0.75 to 120.00 min and the dynamic velocities vary from 0.01 km s−1 to 3.80 km s−1. ii) The intensity–diameter and diameter–eccentricity relationships show the highest degree of correlation, while the lowest linear correlation was obtained for the diameter–lifetime relationship and the lowest nonlinear correlation was obtained for the eccentricity–lifetime relationship. iii) In general, the nonlinear correlation coefficients are higher than the linear correlation without exception. iv) The linear and nonlinear correlation coefficients are very close to each other in the case of the diameter–eccentricity relation. v) While the average diameter, intensity, and eccentricity are related to the umbral area, the average lifetime and dynamic velocity of UDs are not dependent on the umbral area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]