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Upper Triassic deposits formed at the onset of subsidence in the Sichuan foreland basin of South China, and may record a crisis of carbonate deposition related to the Carnian Pluvial Episode. However, there is no consensus yet on the precise age of these deposits in northwestern Sichuan. In this work, ammonoid biostratigraphy has been improved, and a U/Pb age from detrital zircons has been obtained from the Upper Triassic of northwestern Sichuan. New ammonoid taxa Sinotropites sichuanensis n. gen., n. sp. and Hadrothisbites hanwangensis n. sp. are described from the upper part of the Ma'antang Formation in Hanwang and Jushui area and are assigned to the uppermost Tuvalian (Anatropites spinosus Zone, Gonionotites italicus Subzone). Ammonoid and conodont biostratigraphy, combined with U/Pb concordant ages of 227.2 ± 1.1 Ma obtained from youngest detrital zircons, provide a robust constrain on the initial sedimentation phases of the foreland basin in northwestern Sichuan, and suggest that the terrigenous turnover was not related to the Carnian Pluvial Episode.

The Yanchang Formation was deposited during the Middle Triassic in a vast lacustrine basin in the modern Ordos Basin and is a main target for hydrocarbon exploration in Central China. It is divided, based on sedimentary cycles and lithology, into the Chang 10 (the oldest) to Chang 1 (the youngest) members. During the deposition of the Chang 7 Member, the Ordos lake system reached its maximum depth and large volumes of organic-rich sediments were deposited. The evolution of the Ordos Basin sedimentary system during this phase is, however, not completely understood, and uncertainty still exists as for the chronostratigraphy of Chang 7 Member. We acquired palynological markers and palynofacies and a high-resolution δ13Corg record through the entire Chang 7 Member, and a ID-TIMS 206Pb/238U date of 240.95 ± 0.033 Ma from a volcanic ash bed in the middle of this Member. These imply that the maximum deepening phase of the lacustrine system was during the earliest Ladinian. Evidence of marine influence in the Ordos Basin at that time and comparison to the sea-level oscillations observed in Western Tethys suggest that a global eustatic rise and highstand may have played a role in determining lake-level variations.

Microbial carbonate platforms are common in the Pre-Cambrian and most of the Phanerozoic, often hosting hydrocarbons, but since they are distinct from modern coral reefs or skeletal carbonate ramps, a standardised facies model for such microbial-dominated carbonate bodies is still missing. The reconstruction of the stratigraphic architecture of these types of depositional systems must often rely on investigation of outcrop analogues. The authors propose herein a 2 day field itinerary in which depositional features, depositional geometries and facies architecture of two Triassic microbial carbonate platforms of the Dolomites (Southern Alps, NE Italy) will be presented at key outcrops and discussed. The Dolomites host a variety of Triassic carbonate platforms of this type. They are characterised by high relief and steep slopes and have been studied as analogues to Palaeozoic and Mesozoic hydrocarbon reservoirs such as those of Central Asia, Central America, northern Russia or North America, with which they share significant similarities. In this guide, two excursions are described and focus on the upper Anisian (Middle Triassic) Latemar and the lower Carnian (Upper Triassic) Sella; two examples that are particularly suitable for directly appreciating and understanding architecture and facies characteristics of such microbial sedimentary units because of their limited size and excellent exposure. Easy accessibility makes it possible to examine several key features through a short visit, with only minor safety issues. The Latemar platform has escaped pervasive dolomitization, so that sedimentary facies are very well preserved. Furthermore, the Sella and the Latemar crop out perfectly, exposing the depositional geometries and their lateral facies relationships with coeval deep-water basins at seismic scale. The proposed field itinerary is aimed at geologists, either from industry or from academia, who have interest in microbial carbonate platforms, wish to learn sequence stratigraphy in the field and to look at outcrop analogues of carbonate depositional systems as seen in seismic surveys.

Plutons in crustal shear zones may exploit inherited structures, interfere with strain localizing or be deformed passively. To constrain the relative timing of such tectono-magmatic relationships in natural settings is not always straight-forward. We here present sandbox-type analogue model experiments simulating magma emplacement into simple and transtensional crustal shear zones to test the diagnostic potential of pluton shape with respect to timing and setting. Observations based on surface deformation and intrusion shape exemplify the interplay between evolving and inherited tectonic structures and magma uprising. We observe markedly asymmetric intrusions in association with dikes reflecting the regional stresses, fault pattern and finite strain field. At the same time, the presence of an intrusion modifies the tectonic evolution, but only transiently, resulting in short-lived faults, reactivation and inversion. Diagnostic attributes include the pluton's aspect ratio, its orientation and amplitude as well as dike association. Accordingly, syn-tectonic intrusions show the highest pluton amplitudes, but only intermediate elongation compared to other scenarios. They are oriented parallel to Riedel shears in simple shear, respectively to the compression direction in transtension. Post-tectonic intrusions are least elongated, have medium amplitudes and exploit Riedel shears. Pre-tectonic intrusions are characterized by lowest amplitudes but the highest aspect ratios and are parallel to the finite elongation direction. Intrusions in transtensional shear zones are generally of less elongate than those in simple shear zones. Experimental results are tested against observations from natural examples validating the diagnostic potential of pluton shape for the timing and the tectonic setting of the emplacement.

The partial skeleton of a small tetrapod, collected from the lower Buchenstein Formation (uppermost Illyrian, Anisian Middle Triassic) of Piz da Peres (Northern Dolomites, Italy) is described. Incomplete ossification of some bones indicate that the specimen is a juvenile. Its absolute size and proportions, along with several skeletal structures show striking similarities with a juvenile specimen of Eusaurosphargis dalsassoi from the slightly younger Prosanto Formation (Switzerland), a taxon known also from the Anisian/Ladinian Besano Formation (Italy and Switzerland). The finding may suggest that during the middle-late Anisian the basins of the Northern Dolomites, of the Besano Formation and Prosanto Formation shared not only several taxa of fishes but also the emerged lands nearby had a similar reptilian fauna., RIVISTA ITALIANA DI PALEONTOLOGIA E STRATIGRAFIA , Vol 126 No 2 (2020)

Quantitative petrologic analysis on carbonates was carried out on stratigraphic sections encompassing the Carnian Pluvial Episode from northwestern Sichuan Basin, South China and eastern Southern Alps. The Carnian Pluvial Episode, or CPE, is a period of climate change that occurred between the early Carnian and the beginning of the late Carnian (Late Triassic) and coincides with multiple, sharp negative excursions in the record of δ13C that are thought to be evidence of perturbations of the global carbon cycle. During the CPE, relevant environmental modifications and biological turnovers occurred in the marine realm. In particular, microbial carbonate platforms, that were dominant in northwestern Sichuan Basin and throughout Tethys, underwent widespread demise and the microbial component in shelf carbonate sediments sharply decreased and was replaced by ooid- and skeletal grains. Our results show a Tethys-wide coincidence between this change in the carbonate factory. Most notably, both in eastern and western Tethys microbial carbonate production recovered in the late Tuvalian, and the timing of recovery was not influenced by differences of basin evolution and geodynamic setting that characterize such distant domains.

During Middle-earlyLate Triassic(∼243–235?Ma) a diffuse igneous activity developed in the Southern Alps (Italy). Sparselava flowand pyroclastic succession remnants of such Southern Alps Triassic Igneous Rocks (SATIR) crop out in the Brescian Prealps, the Vicentinian Alps (Recoaro-Schio-Posina), Non Valley, Dolomites and Julian Alps.Plutonic rocksare found in two main plutonic complexes (Monzoni and Predazzo) and a small stock (Cima di Pape). Coeval igneous products can be traced eastward to Austria and Dinarides, for a total length of ∼450?km. The coeval formation of major late Anisian-lateLadiniancarbonate platformsin the subsiding eastern Dolomites, and significant uplift and subaerial erosion in the western Dolomites suggest, for these areas, the occurrence of large-scale strike-slip andextensional tectonicswith the development of horst-and-graben structures. This study reports the first complete review of the SATIR activity, including new mineral chemical data on 14 samples, 61 major and trace element whole rock analyses and 7 Sr-Nd-Pbisotopic ratiosfor volcanic and plutonic samples from Dolomites (lavas plus Monzoni and Predazzo plutonic rocks) and Vicentinian Alps lavas. Despite the variable post-magmatic modifications, the large areal distribution of the products and their wide spectrum of chemical compositions, these samples show rather common geochemical and mineralogical characteristics and define major and trace element trends that can be associated with nearly close-system magmatic evolution. Minor uppercrustal contaminationscan be observed in specific cases, mostly in the most differentiated products (SiO2>70?wt%). A specific characteristic of SATIR is their calcalkaline to shoshonitic affinity, resembling the derivation from subduction-modifiedmantle sources, a feature at odds with the coeval strike-slip and extensional tectonics. Geochemical modelling, petrological considerations and geological constraints allow us to propose a model in which the SATIR mantle sources reflect previous subductionmetasomatism(likely occurred duringVariscantimes). These metasomatised mantle sources were reactivated ∼90–100 Myr after the end of the subduction, when continental rifting caused a raise of the geotherms and passive upwelling of asthenospheric mantle.

Wide carbonate platform environments developed on the western passive margin of the Tethys during the Late Triassic, after a major climate change (Carnian Pluvial Episode) that produced a crisis of high-relief microbial carbonate platforms. The peritidal succession of this epicontinental platform (Dolomia Principale/Hauptdolomit, Dachstein Limestone) is widespread in the Mediterranean region. However, the start-up stage is not fully understood. The original platform to basin depositional geometries of the system have been studied in the north-eastern Southern Alps, close to the Italian/Slovenian boundary where they are exceptionally preserved. Sedimentological features have been investigated in detail by measuring several stratigraphic sections cropping out along an ideal depositional profile. The analysis of the facies architecture allowed reconstruction of the paleoenvironments of the Dolomia Principale platform during its start-up and early growth stages in the late Carnian. The carbonate platform was characterized by an outer platform area, connected northward to steep slopes facing a relatively deep basin. Southward, the outer platform was connected to inner sheltered environments by a narrow, often emerged shelf crest. Behind this zone, carbonate sedimentation occurred in shallow lagoons and tidal flats, passing inward to a siliciclastic mudflat. The Dolomia Principale platform was initially aggrading and able to keep pace with a concomitant sea-level rise, and then prograding during the late Carnian. This stratigraphic interval was correlated to the Tuvalian succession of the Dolomites, allowing depiction of the depositional system on a wide scale of hundreds of kilometrew. This large-scale depositional system presents features in common with some Palaeozoic and Mesozoic carbonate buildups (fo example, the Permian Capitan Reef complex, Anisian Latemar platform), both in terms of architecture and prevailing carbonate producers. A microbial-dominated carbonate factory is testified in the outer platform and upper slope. The recovery of high relief microbial carbonate platforms marks the end of the Carnian Pluvial Episode in the Tuvalian of Tethys. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

In the Dolomites (Eastern Southern Alps, Italy), a diffuse Middle Triassic igneous activity is now present mostly as lava flow and pyroclastic successions, with rare shallow-depth intrusive bodies cropping out at Predazzo, Monzoni and Cima Pape areas. In this work, the emplacement modes of the Predazzo and Monzoni bodies were investigated by means of petrographic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data coupled with a field geological study. The presence of intrusive rocks in between these two bodies and the continuity of the metamorphic aureola from west of the Predazzo to east of the Monzoni body suggest that they are parts of a ∼20 km wide SW-NE oriented continuous pluton, sub-parallel to Ladinian strike-slip faults. AMS and petrographic data from the Predazzo body are consistent with a multistage ring-dyke emplacement mode, with areas of upward flow of the magma located in the NW and ESE part of the intrusion, whereas in the southern sector of the pluton our data suggest prevalently horizontal flows. In general, the Predazzo sheets indicate either upward magma flow or along-strike lateral magma transport, and the round shape suggests no influence of Ladinian tectonic structures. On the contrary, the ENE-WSW elongated shape of the Monzoni body was controlled by the occurrence of strike-slip faults associated with Ladinian-tectonics, the feeder being likely located at the NE edge of the body. However, the absence of deformation at the field- and micro-scale is consistent with a post Ladinian-tectonics timing of emplacement, as for the Predazzo pluton.

Exceptional outcrop conditions in the Dolomites of northern Italy allow appreciation of facies variability, depositional geometries, and platform-to-basin relationships at seismic scale that developed during a complex sedimentary evolution. This itinerary focuses on two Triassic microbial carbonate platforms, the Latemar and Sella, providing examples of key concepts that are fundamental for the interpretation of subsurface geologic bodies. By comparing these two microbial platforms, a variability of facies architectures is highlighted. The relatively easy access, the exceptional exposure conditions, and the variety of carbonate platform types that grew in the Triassic of the Dolomites make this region an ideal field geology laboratory for training geologists working in exploration and in addition provide potential outcrop analogs of subsurface carbonate reservoirs.

In the early Late Triassic a period of increased rainfall, named the Camian Pluvial Event (CPE), is evidenced by major lithological changes in continental and marine successions worldwide. The environmental change seems to be closely associated with a negative carbon isotope excursion that was identified in a stratigraphic succession of the Dolomites (Italy) but the temporal relationship between these phenomena is still not well defined. Here we present organic-carbon isotope data from Carnian deep-water stratigraphic sections in Austria and Hungary, and carbonate petrography of samples from a marginal marine section in Italy. A negative 2-4 parts per thousand delta C-13 shift is recorded by bulk organic matter in the studied sections and is coincident with a similar feature highlighted in higher plant and marine algal biomarker carbon-isotope records from the Dolomites (Italy), thus testifying to a global change in the isotopic composition of the reservoirs of the exchangeable carbon. Our new observations verify that sedimentological changes related to the CPE coincide with the carbon cycle perturbation and therefore occurred synchronously within the western Tethys. Consistent with modern observations, our results show that the injection of C-13-depleted CO2 into the Camian atmosphere-ocean system may have been directly responsible for the increase in rainfall by intensifying the Pangaean mega-monsoon activity. The consequent increased continental weathering and erosion led to the transfer of large amounts of siliciclastics into the basins that were rapidly filled up, while the increased nutrient flux triggered the local development of anoxia. The new carbonate petrography data show that these changes also coincided with the demise of platform microbial carbonate factories and their replacement with metazoan driven carbonate deposition. This had the effect of considerably decreasing carbonate deposition in shallow water environments.

Sedimentary facies analysis aided by quantitative 3D georeferenced field data is applied to constrain the sequence stratigraphy of a complex stratigraphic interval in the Late Triassic of the Dolomites. This multidisciplinary approach was the key to disentangle the timing of climatic change vs. sea-level fluctuation and their effects on shallow water carbonate depositional systems. The "Carnian Pluvial Event", a global episode of climate change worldwide documented at low latitudes, involved increased rainfall and possibly global warming. This climatic event begins before a drop of sea-level and caused the demise of microbial-dominated high-relief carbonate platforms that dominated the Dolomites region, and was followed by a period of coexistence of small microbial carbonate mounds and arenaceous skeletal-oolitic grainstones. A subsequent sea-level fall brought to the definitive disappearance of microbialites and shallow water carbonates switched to ramps dominated by oolitic-bioclastic grainstones. The crisis of early Carnian shallow water carbonate systems of the Dolomites generated a geological surface similar to a drowning unconformity, although no transgression occurred. As the high-relief microbial carbonate systems characterized by steep slopes switched to gently inclined oolitic-skeletal-siliciclastic ramps, basins were rapidly filled. The change of carbonate depositional systems was associated with an increase in siliciclastic input, in turn triggered by the onset of a humid climatic event and only later to a sea-level drop. This evolution of carbonate systems cannot be interpreted in the light of sea-level changes only: climate change, and consequent ecological changes in the main carbonate producing biotas, induced significant modifications in depositional geometries. This case study may serve as a conceptual model for the sedimentary evolution of carbonate systems subject to ecological crisis that do not evolve in platform drowning because, despite a drop in shallow water carbonate production, a combination of low subsidence and/or sea level drop maintains the platform top at shallow depth. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.

During the Late Triassic the “Carnian Pluvial Event”, a global episode of climate change that involved increased rainfall and possibly global warming, a major crisis for carbonate producers is observed. In the western Tethys, the change in carbonate production led to a significant modification of depositional geometries of shallow water carbonate bodies. Sedimentary facies analysis coupled with quantitative 3D georeferenced field data acquisition of selected outcrops in the Cortina d’Ampezzo area (Dolomites, North-eastern Italy) reveal that the climatic event began before a drop of sea-level and caused the demise of km-scale microbial-dominated high-relief carbonate platforms that dominated the Dolomites region, and was followed by a period of coexistence of m-scale microbial carbonate mounds interlayered and laterally onlapped by arenaceous skeletal–oolitic grainstones. A subsequent sea-level fall brought to the definitive disappearance of microbialites, and shallow water carbonates switched to ramps dominated by oolitic–bioclastic grainstones. The crisis of high-relief shallow water carbonate platforms generated a geological surface similar to a drowning unconformity, although no transgression occurred. As the high-relief microbial-dominated carbonate platforms switched to gently inclined oolitic–skeletal–siliciclastic ramps, the neighboring basins were rapidly filled. The carbonate depositional systems turnover was associated with an increase in siliciclastic sediment input, in turn triggered by the onset of the Carnian Pluvial Event and only later to a drop of the sea-level. Results show that the evolution of the described carbonate systems of the Dolomites cannot be interpreted in the light of sea level changes only, pointing out that climate changes, and consequent ecological changes in the main carbonate producing biotas, can induce significant modifications in depositional geometries. The climatic change to more humid conditions precedes a sea-level drop in this Carnian case study.

The ammonoid fauna of the Prati di Stuores/Stuores Wiesen section (Dolomites, north-eastern Italy) was studied in detail. This section was proposed as stratotype for the Carnian GSSP, with the first appearance of Daxatina cf. canadensis as primary marker, based on preliminary data. The validity of this proposal is confirmed by the present study, which integrates collections from the Prati di Stuores/Stuores Wiesen section and from others, particularly Bec de Roces (Passo Campolongo) and Antersass (Badia Valley). Ammonoids collected in these localities belong to three biostratigraphic units: regoledanus, canadensis and aon subzones. These subzones constitute, in the Southern Alps, the Ladinian/Carnian boundary interval. Regoledanus Subzone: the north American species Zestoceras enode is most probably documented in this biostratigraphic interval. Canadensis Subzone: the base is marked by the first appearance of Daxatina canadensis, and at least, another north American species, Daxatina laubei, seems to be present. Two species of Zestoceras were found: Z. barwicki e Z. lorigae sp.n. Two species of Trachyceras, distinct from T. aon, are represented in the canadensis Subzone: T. muensteri and T. bipunctatum. These species predate the first appearance of Trachyceras, justifying the canadensis Subzone to be included in the Carnian also on the basis of nomenclatural stability. Other significant taxa of this subzone are Rossiceras? armatum and Sirenotrachyceras thusneldae. Aon Subzone: the ammonoid fauna of this subzone is extensively treated in existing literature and thus not further discussed. Taxonomical notes and stratigraphic consequences: the new subfamily Anolcitinae (family Trachyceratidae) is erected. At present, Frankites regoledanus, F. apertus and F. sp. A have been recognized in the Southern Alps. The lectotype of Ammonites (Trachyceras ?) Regoledanus was defined. The latter species is exclusive of the regoledanus Subzone, whereas the distribution of the two other species encompasses the defined GSSP. The shell morphology of F. apertus and the north American species F. sutherlandi is identical. The suture line is also comparable, hence the two species are considered synonyms. This synonymy is relevant for long-distance correlations. The lectotypes of Trachyceras ruturanum and T. laricum were also defined., Rivista italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Vol 114, No 3

The Heiligkreuz-Santa Croce Formation (also known as Durrenstein Formation, Upper Triassic) in the Dolomites contains one of the most ancient and substantial Triassic amber deposits in the world. The amber is found in sandstones and paleosols. It has an affinity to the conifer family Cheirolepidiaceae, and amber samples from the Julian and Carnic Alps (Southern Alps) also show an affinity to this family. Physico-chemical investigations of the amber from the Dolomites by solid-state Fourier-transform infrared analysis (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), pyrolysis-gaschromatography/mass-spectrometry (pyr-GCIMS), thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermogravimetry (DTG), and automatized elemental analysis yielded a complete characterization of the amber, and allowed comparison with other ambers and younger resins (copals). FTIR revealed absorption bands typical of all fossil resins, and the spectrum region from 8-10 mu m provided a fingerprint of the Triassic amber that differs front other known resins. The NMR spectrum also shows a typical pattern for fossil resins, but peculiar peak abundances permitted further characterization of the Triassic amber, both in the saturated (10-70 ppm) and unsaturated carbon region (100-160 ppm). The amber also lacks exomethylene resonances found in younger resins at 110 and 150 ppm. Pyrolysis-gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry (pyr-GCIMS) experiments showed the amber was of class II, with some components of Class L Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses of combustion behavior of Triassic amber indicated a main exothermal event near 437 degrees C, higher than that of other known resins. The elemental composition of Triassic amber is consistent with wellknown constituents of natural resins, although the sulfur content was higher, likely due to high sulfur content in the embedding sediment. Triassic amber from the Dolomites appears to be a new kind of fossil resin with unique stratigraphical and physico-chemical characteristics.

The Triassic time scale is poorly constrained due to a paucity of high-precision radiometric ages. We present a (206)Pb/(238)U age of 230.91 +/- 0.33 Ma (error includes all known sources) for zircon from an ash bed in the upper Carnian (Upper Triassic) of southern Italy that requires a major revision of the Triassic time scale. For example, the Norian stage is lengthened to more than 20 m.y. The section containing the ash bed is correlated with other Tethyan sections and, indirectly, with the Newark astronomical polarity time scale (APTS). The dating provides also a minimum age for some important climatic and biotic events that occurred during the Carnian. We note a coincidence between these events and the eruption of the large igneous province of Wrangellia, but the possible link between volcanism and climatic and biotic events requires further scrutiny.

Hemipelagic nodular limestones are a widespread facies in the Triassic of the Tethys, often considered as being deposited at rather constant sedimentation rates. The aim of this paper is to investigate the sedimentation rate variability in a case-study from the Middle Triassic of the Dolomites, northern Italy, and to suggest possible causes. The nodular cherty limestones of the Livinallongo Fm. and correlated units were studied in four stratigraphic sections and compared to classical successions from the literature. Correlations between sections are based on ammonoid biostratigraphy and tephra stratigraphy. Correlation highlighted conspicuous changes in sedimentation rates through time and between sections, associated with sedimentological evidence of deep-water aragonite dissolution. Deep-water dissolution is believed to have resulted in small hiatuses and in a bias of ammonoid assemblages towards taxa with more resistant shells. Carbonate petrography and geochemistry provide evidence of differential diagenesis of the Livinallongo Fm. Carbonate nodules were lithified at the water–sediment interface, and their C isotope composition is regarded as a proxy of the d 13 C of Middle Triassic bottom seawater. The onset of nodular cherty limestones, occurring contemporaneously at the basin scale, and the coeval carbonate platform drowning events are tentatively explained by the inflow and local upwelling of cool deep water from Panthalassa into the western Tethys. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Three loose blocks, rich in dinosaur footprints, were found in a small pier at Mattinata (Gargano Promontory, Foggia, Italy), most probably quarried from the Upper Jurassic Sannicandro Formation. All of the footprints in the blocks are ascribed to medium-sized theropod trackmakers. Recent track discoveries from both the Early Cretaceous San Giovanni Rotondo Limestone and the Late Cretaceous Altamura Limestone, as well as this new discovery, reveal the consistency of terrestrial associations along the southern margin of the Tethys Ocean in the peri-Mediterranean area at the end of Jurassic through Cretaceous times. The presence of these dinosaur-track-rich levels within marine sediments of the Apulia Platform underlines the relevance of dinosaur footprints as a means of constraining paleogeographic reconstructions.

East of Cave del Predil (formerly Raibl), a platform-basin transition of the Dolomia Principale (Hauptdolomit) is spectacularly exposed at a seismic scale. Therefore, the eastern margin of the vast domain of the Dolomia Principale, facing the Slovenian Basin, is documented. Despite of strong dolomitization of the massive margin, some sedimentary structures and fossils have been recognized. Corals seem to be very rare and sponges to be absent, whereas serpulids and marine phreatic cements seem to have been the main components of the framework. Interior platform bedded dolomites lap off the massive margin. Clinoforms interfinger with upper Tuvalian basinal deposits (Carnitza Formation). This setting documents the start-up of the Dolomia Principale during late Tuvalian time. Moreover, this margin of the Dolomia Principale is the more ancient so far pointed out. It testifies to the recovery of a rimmed platform after the late Julian-early Tuvalian crisis.