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A spectrofluorimetric method using fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) was developed for the selective detection of azelnidipine (AZEL) pharmaceutical in the presence of other drugs. In this study, N‐doped CDs (N‐CDs) were synthesized through a single‐step hydrothermal process, using citric acid and urea as precursor materials. The prepared N‐CDs showed a highly intense blue fluorescence emission at 447 nm, with a photoluminescence quantum yield of ~21.15% and a fluorescence lifetime of 0.47 ns. The N‐CDs showed selective fluorescence quenching in the presence of all three antihypertensive drugs, which was used as a successful detection platform for the analysis of AZEL. The photophysical properties, UV–vis light absorbance, fluorescence emission, and lifetime measurements support the interaction between N‐CDs and AZEL, leading to fluorescence quenching of N‐CDs as a result of ground‐state complex formation followed by a static fluorescence quenching phenomenon. The detection platform showed linearity in the range 10–200 μg/ml (R2 = 0.9837). The developed method was effectively utilized for the quantitative analysis of AZEL in commercially available pharmaceutical tablets, yielding results that closely align with those obtained from the standard method (UV spectroscopy). With a score of 0.76 on the 'Analytical GREEnness (AGREE)' scale, the developed analytical method, incorporating 12 distinct green analytical chemistry components, stands out as an important technique for estimating AZEL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research developed a high‐performance thin layer chromatographic method based on green analytical chemistry and integrated experimental approaches of analytical quality by design for simultaneous estimation of solifenacin succinate and silodosin. The integration was planned to reduce energy and solvent usage, maximize efficacy, and minimize any negative environmental effects. Taguchi design for screening and optimization a Box–Behnken design was used. The n‐butanol:ethanol:triethylamine (6:4:0.1, v/v/v) mobile phase and ultraviolet detection at 221 nm were used to develop the method. As per International Council for Harmonization Q2(R1) specifications, the method was validated. Rf value for solifenacin succinate and silodosin was found to be 0.29 ± 0.02 and 0.58 ± 0.02 respectively. For solifenacin succinate and silodosin, the linearity was found over the concentration ranges of 500–2500 ng/band and 800–4000 ng/band. For solifenacin succinate, the limits of detection and quantification were found to be 13.00 and 39.34 ng/band, respectively, while for silodosin, they were 33.29 and 100.86 ng/band, respectively. For solifenacin succinate, the method revealed a percent recovery ranging from 98.49% to 99.50%, while for silodosin, it exhibited a range from 98.86% to 99.79%. The tools predicted greenness score to be 63 and 0.78, respectively, indicating the proposed method to be green. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sustainable Development Goal principle of "leaving no one behind" has led to increased attention being paid to patterns of intra-country allocation of foreign aid. We contribute to these efforts by considering a particular type of foreign aid, Aid for Trade (AfT), to discern allocation objectives of aid. We match a novel, geo-coded, dataset on over 11,000 Bangladeshi exporting firms to over one thousand AfT project locations in Bangladesh similarly geo-coded by AidData and expanded by ourselves. We use this matched data to employ spatial techniques that evaluate political economy logics of aid allocation, wherein AfT is functionally targeted towards exporting firms, is allocated based on prebendalism, and/or is directed to high poverty areas. Our analysis finds support that AfT is allocated based on functional or prebendalist logics. The results for poverty are more nuanced. When considered in a stand-alone fashion, poverty is associated with a smaller likelihood of allocation. However, some evidence suggests that when the other logics are present, the impact of poverty on allocation becomes positive. These findings suggest that the politics of aid allocation is a nuanced and intricate dance with multiple overlapping or competing logics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does the EU's Aid for Trade (AfT) initiative contribute to global justice? Complementing work that considers distributive justice, in this paper we adopt the central tenets of the republican theory of non-domination as a regulative ideal for justice in international relations. We evaluate the extent to which the EU's AfT initiative results from reduced political domination in international trade negotiations, and if that then mitigates economic dependency between European and African states. We first provide a qualitative account of the processes that led to the establishment and subsequent development of AfT. We then consider the extent to which the AfT has promoted the reliance of African states on European foreign direct investment (FDI) relative to FDI from other regions (including and especially from within Africa itself) using subnational, project-level, data. Our findings suggest that EU AfT does not reinforce dominating forms of dependency in the international arena, at least when measured by the source of the FDI that it attracts, while AfT is itself an outcome of somewhat less dominating power relations in trade negotiations between wealthier and poorer states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A spectrofluorimetric method using fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) was developed for the selective detection of azelnidipine (AZEL) pharmaceutical in the presence of other drugs. In this study, N-doped CDs (N-CDs) were synthesized through a single-step hydrothermal process, using citric acid and urea as precursor materials. The prepared N-CDs showed a highly intense blue fluorescence emission at 447 nm, with a photoluminescence quantum yield of ~21.15% and a fluorescence lifetime of 0.47 ns. The N-CDs showed selective fluorescence quenching in the presence of all three antihypertensive drugs, which was used as a successful detection platform for the analysis of AZEL. The photophysical properties, UV-vis light absorbance, fluorescence emission, and lifetime measurements support the interaction between N-CDs and AZEL, leading to fluorescence quenching of N-CDs as a result of ground-state complex formation followed by a static fluorescence quenching phenomenon. The detection platform showed linearity in the range 10-200 μg/ml (R 2  = 0.9837). The developed method was effectively utilized for the quantitative analysis of AZEL in commercially available pharmaceutical tablets, yielding results that closely align with those obtained from the standard method (UV spectroscopy). With a score of 0.76 on the 'Analytical GREEnness (AGREE)' scale, the developed analytical method, incorporating 12 distinct green analytical chemistry components, stands out as an important technique for estimating AZEL., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aim: This study was aimed to investigate the hemocompatibility of zirconia and titanium implant materials after surface treatment with sandblasting and acid etching (SLA)., Materials and Methods: Sixty specimens were procured from manufacturers of dimension 10mm × 3mm, thirty of each were prefabricated medical grade titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) and thirty of sintered zirconia. Silicon carbide grit papers of 240 to 1200pm, was used to polish the specimen surface. The surfaces were rinsed with water to remove any remnant particles after polishing. Later ultrasonic cleaning was done for 5 minutes using distilled water. The control specimens included 15 specimens each from titanium (groups A1) and zirconia (groups B1). The remaining 15 specimens (groups A2 and B2) were sandblasted using alumina particles of 150 microns particle size and using 20% hydrochloric acid, acid etching was done for 30 seconds. The specimens were scanned under electron microscope after surface treatment for analysis purpose and evaluated for surface characteristics. Before the exposure of specimens to blood, percentage hemolysis, prothrombin, platelet aggregation and activation, and thrombin time values were calculated. one mL of blood was added to each specimen for testing. The values before and after the exposure of specimens to blood were noted. Using a t-test, the values noted were statistically Results: A 1 (polished titanium) showed highest mean values after exposure, in platelet count (184.67 ± 1.29), leucocyte count (7.27 ± 0.08), and thrombin time (10.15 ± 0.34) while prothrombin time's highest mean value after exposure were showed by A 2 (SLA treated titanium) with a mean value of 10.04 ± 0.24., Conclusion: Surface treatment with sandblasting and acid etching (SLA) using 150 microns alumina particles and 20% hydrochloric acid increased the surface roughness of the titanium and zirconia implant materials and polished titanium showed maximum hemocompatibility., Clinical Significance: The implant's success depends on its biocompatibility and its property of osseointegration. The adverse interaction between blood and the artificial surface is detected by the hemocompatibility test for medical materials, to know if the surface can activate or destruct the blood components. The success of implant placement also depends on the interaction between the blood and the specimen.