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In a previous work we studied generalized Stirling numbers of the second kind S(a2,b2,p2) a1,b1 (p1, k), where a1, a2, b1, b2 are given complex numbers, a1, a2 ?= 0, and p1, p2 are non-negative integers given. In this work we use these generalized Stirling numbers to define Bernoulli polynomials in two variables Bp1,p2 (x1, x2), and Euler polynomials in two variables Ep1,p2 (x1, x2). By using results for S(1,x2,p2) 1,x1 (p1, k), we obtain generalizations, to the bivariate case, of some well-known properties from the standard case, as addition formulas, difference equations and sums of powers. We obtain some identities for bivariate Bernoulli and Euler polynomials, and some generalizations, to the bivariate case, of several known identities for Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials of the standard case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A generalized Stirling numbers of the second kind $ S_{a,b}\left(p,k\right) $, involved in the expansion $ \left(an+b\right)^{p} = \sum_{k = 0}^{p}k!S_{a,b}\left(p,k\right) \binom{n}{k} $, where $ a \neq 0, b $ are complex numbers, have studied in [16]. In this paper, we show that Bernoulli polynomials $ B_{p}(x) $ can be written in terms of the numbers $ S_{1,x}\left(p,k\right) $, and then use the known results for $ S_{1,x}\left(p,k\right) $ to obtain several new explicit formulas, recurrences and generalized recurrences for Bernoulli numbers and polynomials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we find a formula for the largest integer (p-Frobenius number) such that a linear equation of non-negative integer coefficients composed of a Jacobsthal triplet has at most p representations. For p = 0 , the problem is reduced to the famous linear Diophantine problem of Frobenius, the largest integer of which is called the Frobenius number. We also give a closed formula for the number of non-negative integers (p-genus), such that linear equations have at most p representations. Extensions to the Jacobsthal polynomial and the Jacobsthal–Lucas polynomial give more general formulas that include the familiar Fibonacci and Lucas numbers. A basic problem with the Fibonacci triplet was dealt by Marin, Ramírez Alfonsín and M. P. Revuelta for p = 0 and by Komatsu and Ying for the general non-negative integer p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce poly-Cauchy numbers with level 2. Poly-Cauchy numbers may be interpreted as a kind of generalizations of the classical Cauchy numbers by using the inverse relation of exponentials and logarithms. On the contrary, poly-Bernoulli numbers can be from the inverse relation of logarithms and exponentials. In this similar stream, poly-Cauchy numbers with level 2 may be yielded from the inverse relation about the hyperbolic sine function, which is a 2-step function of the exponential function. In this article, we show several expressions, relations, and properties about poly-Cauchy numbers with level 2. Poly-Cauchy numbers with level 2 can be expressed in terms of multinomial coefficients with combinatorial summation, Stirling numbers of the first kind, or iterated integrals. We also give some recurrence relations for poly-Cauchy numbers with level 2. When the index is negative, the double summation may be formulated as a closed form. A simple case of Cauchy numbers with level 2 has some more relations with D numbers from higher-order Bernoulli numbers or complementary Euler numbers. We prove some more expressions in determinants, continued fractions or by Trudi's formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce and study shifted Cauchy numbers as different natural extension of the classical Cauchy numbers, in particular, in terms of determinantal expressions. We give several arithmetical or combinatorial properties. We also show a determinant expression of Cauchy numbers of the second kind extensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We define a truncated Euler polynomial Em,n(x) as a generalization of the classical Euler polynomial En(x). In this paper we give its some properties and relations with the hypergeometric Bernoulli polynomial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider polynomials Pa,b,r,p (z) = ∑rpi=0 Aa,b,r (p, i) zrp-i, in which the coefficients Aa,b,r (p, i) are the generalized Eulerian numbers involved in the expansion .... The numbers Aa,b,r (p, i) and their properties were studied in a previous work. The case a = 1, b = 0, r = 1, corresponds to the standard Eulerian polynomials P1,0,1,p (z). We give generalizations for the known recurrences of P1,0,1,p (z). We also show some applications of polynomials Pa,b,r,p (z), including explicit formulas for sums and alternating sums of powers of binomial coefficients. The main tool we use to obtain our results is the Z-transform of sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]