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Strip and map of two 19th century structures associated with Chester railway. Planning permission has been granted for the erection of a hotel with ground floor restaurant/retail uses and associated infrastructure and landscaping. As a condition of development a strip and map excavation was carried out on a discrete area of the site by L - P : Archaeology on behalf of Orion Heritage. The site is located on land off Queens Road within a car park to the south of the railway, at City Place, Chester, The fieldwork was carried out between the 15th and 23rd February 2020 in accordance with a written scheme of investigation. The excavation area was located at the northwestern corner of the site and measured 16m by 7.9m in plan. The series of structural remains uncovered during the excavation appear to represent three phases of activity on the site. These three phases all appear to have occurred within a short timeframe, with the earliest phase being a series of culverts, likely managing the low lying land between the canal and brook. A small brick structure was constructed prior to 1843, as the 2nd phase of development, which respected the alignment of one of the culverts, and can be seen to be trapezoidal in plan on the 1843 map. This structure was demolished by 1853. A larger brick structure was revealed, representing the 3rd phase of development. This ties in with a structure seen on the 1873 OS map, demolished by the 1899 OS map. It is possible that all three of these elements relate to the railway development of the area from 1840. The interpretation of the site suggests the culverts were put in place to raise the level of low lying areas between the canal and brook. A small temporary store or warehouse was then erected by 1843, with the eastern wall respecting the alignment of the culvert. This building was demolished by 1853, and replaced by 1873 by a workshop, which was removed by 1899.

Intelligent agents should be able to learn useful representations by observing changes in their environment. We model such observations as pairs of non-i.i.d. images sharing at least one of the underlying factors of variation. First, we theoretically show that only knowing how many factors have changed, but not which ones, is sufficient to learn disentangled representations. Second, we provide practical algorithms that learn disentangled representations from pairs of images without requiring annotation of groups, individual factors, or the number of factors that have changed. Third, we perform a large-scale empirical study and show that such pairs of observations are sufficient to reliably learn disentangled representations on several benchmark data sets. Finally, we evaluate our learned representations and find that they are simultaneously useful on a diverse suite of tasks, including generalization under covariate shifts, fairness, and abstract reasoning. Overall, our results demonstrate that weak supervision enables learning of useful disentangled representations in realistic scenarios., We updated the description of the generation of the dataset compared to the ICML version

Archaeological Investigations Ltd unpublished report series, 0

Level II to III photographic historic building recording of four structures : 15 Cazneau Street, The Presbytery, Victoria Building and the Hopscotch Nursery, between Juveanl Street, Cazneau Street and Grosvenor Street. A site off Juvenal Street, Liverpool, L3 3AN is proposed for redevelopment into the new Merseyside Police Force HQ. As a condition of the development a photographic level II/III historic building recording was required for the surviving structures on the site. The fieldwork and reporting was undertaken by L - P : Archaeology on behalf of Willmott Dixon Construction Ltd. The historic research suggests limited phases of development for the standing buildings. 15 Cazneau Street is thought to have been built between 1864 and 1891. The Bishop Goss School (Victoria Building), was built around 1877, with a southeastern extension built between 1908 and 1927. The Presbytery building was built around 1878, with phase two represented by the added northwestern porch between 1976 and 1983, and the final modification creating the solid southern facade in the late 20th century. The southern school building (Hopscotch Nursery) was built around 1911, with a southeastern wing forming phase two, added between 1954 and 1958, and a final block added to the southwestern corner of the extension between 1983 and 1993. All of the buildings surveyed showed extensive internal remodelling dating from the later 20th century and early 21st century. However, the Victoria Building and Hopscotch Nursery building had both been schools, with large classrooms, which allowed the intended design layout to be identified and understood. Both of these buildings also maintained some historic fabric, such as internal arched window lights, vents and fireplaces.

Archaeological strip and map at a site in Dowbridge, Kirkham. Uncovered Prehistoric flint and cup marked stone. Roman activity between the 1st and 3rd century. Early Medieval activity and Post Medieval activity. The results of the Strip and Map revealed scatters of Prehistoric worked flints dating from between the Mesolithic and Early Bronze Age, as well as cup marked stone also thought to date from the Bronze Age. Evidence of Romano British activity was identified in the south including an oval building with associated post holes and hearth, with possible oven bases to the southwest; to the north was a fire pit and multiple extraction pits. An Early Medieval wooden feature, thought to be a fish trap, was identified at the southwestern end of the site. Multiple linear features were located across the site, most were undateable but thought to be a mix of remnant Medieval ridge and furrow, as well as Post Medieval agricultural and drainage ditches. Palaeoenvironmental evidence from the site suggests that the area was used for grain storage as part of bread production during the later Roman period. Scatters of slag identified across the site also suggest industrial activity from this period may have been undertaken in the wider area.

Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society, 82, 85-107, Between 2001 and 2005, investigations were undertaken at a series of sites in the old port and Roodee areas of Chester, extending from the Grosvenor Bridge in the south to the Cop Recreational Ground at Sealand Road in the north. These investigations have contributed significant information about the changing course of the river Dee, the city's attempts to control the flooding at the port and Roodee areas and the construction of port installations. In addition, considerable light has been shed on the structural remains of Chester's first workhouse, which lay adjacent to the port.

Level III Historic Building recording a barn at Old Coach House, prior to demolition HBR

We combine Riemannian geometry with the mean field theory of high dimensional chaos to study the nature of signal propagation in generic, deep neural networks with random weights. Our results reveal an order-to-chaos expressivity phase transition, with networks in the chaotic phase computing nonlinear functions whose global curvature grows exponentially with depth but not width. We prove this generic class of deep random functions cannot be efficiently computed by any shallow network, going beyond prior work restricted to the analysis of single functions. Moreover, we formalize and quantitatively demonstrate the long conjectured idea that deep networks can disentangle highly curved manifolds in input space into flat manifolds in hidden space. Our theoretical analysis of the expressive power of deep networks broadly applies to arbitrary nonlinearities, and provides a quantitative underpinning for previously abstract notions about the geometry of deep functions., Fixed equation references

Trial trenching at land at Spen Moor, Bury.