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A new cadmium complex with a flexible imidazolinethione ligand has been successfully synthesized. The ligand acts as a bidentate chelating molecule, resulting in the structure being a monomer. In this monomer, cadmium has an octahedral geometry coordinated by four sulfur atoms from two mbit ligands where mbit = 3,3'-methylenebis(1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazole-2-thione) and two oxygen atoms from the DMF molecules. The $ \textrm{ClO}_4^ - $ ClO 4 − anions are uncoordinated and neutralize the positive charge of the cationic complex. The title complex has a good capacity for adsorbing several organic dyes from pollutant solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Face scanning is an important skill that takes place in a highly interactive context embedded within social interaction. However, previous research has studied face scanning using noninteractive stimuli. We aimed to study face scanning and social interaction in infancy in a more ecologically valid way by providing infants with a naturalistic and socially engaging experience. We developed a novel gaze-contingent eye-tracking paradigm in which infants could interact with face stimuli. Responses (socially engaging/socially disengaging) from faces were contingent on infants' eye movements. We collected eye-tracking and behavioral data of 162 (79 male, 83 female) 6-, 9- and 12-month-old infants. All infants showed a clear preference for looking at the eyes relative to the mouth. Contingency was learned implicitly, and infants were more likely to show behavioral responses (e.g., smiling, pointing) when receiving socially engaging responses. Infants' responses were also more often congruent with the actors' responses. Additionally, our large sample allowed us to look at the ranges of behavior on our task, and we identified a small number of infants who displayed deviant behaviors. We discuss these findings in relation to data collected from a small sample (N = 11) of infants considered to be at-risk for autism spectrum disorders. Our results demonstrate the versatility of the gaze-contingency eye-tracking paradigm, allowing for a more nuanced and complex investigation of face scanning as it happens in real-life interaction. As we provide additional measures of contingency learning and reciprocity, our task holds the potential to investigate atypical neurodevelopment within the first year of life.

We tried to establish a method for the synthesis of 5‐arylthieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐amine analogues via three‐step reactions and examined the changes in the solvent, time, and temperature. A novel condition has been developed for the preparation of substituted 2‐aminothiophenes employing the Knoevenagel condensation followed by the Gewald method and in the last step to form thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines by using formamidine acetate. All the synthesized 5‐arylthieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐amines are unknown and were characterized by IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and CHN analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of disease states linked the aberrant regular protein conformations to oligomers and amyloid fibrils. Amyloid beta 1–42 (Aβ1−42) peptide is very hydrophobic and quickly forms the β-rich structure and fibrillar protein aggregates in some solutions and buffer conditions. Ultrasonication pulses can disrupt amyloid fibrils to smaller fragments and produce Aβ1−42 peptides of different sizes and oligomers. Herein, we investigated the effects of buffer and ultrasonication on Aβ1−42 structure at low and high concentrations. After ultrasonication, the Western blot results showed that Aβ1−42 fibrils were disaggregated into different sizes. The transmission electron microscopy results indicated Aβ1−42 at low concentration (25 µM) in Ham's/F12 phenol red-free culture medium formed short-size fragments and oligomers. In comparison, Aβ1−42 at higher concentration (100 µM) formed fibrils that break down into smaller fragments after ultrasonication. However, after regrowth, it formed mature fibrils again. Cell viability assay indicated that Aβ1−42 oligomers formed at a low concentration (25 µM) were more toxic to PC12 cells than other forms. In conclusion, by applying ultrasonication pulses and controlling peptide concentration and buffer condition, we can rich Aβ1−42 aggregates with a particular size and molecular structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the distribution of genes encoding integrons, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in E. coli isolated from UTIs, as well as the genetic diversity among the isolates. Materials and Methods: E. coli isolates were recovered from the patients with UTI in Kerman Iran. Antibiotic susceptibility was done according to CLSI guidelines. The presence of ESBL genes and integrons was evaluated using PCR. PCR and sequencing were applied for the evaluation of cassette content of integrons. Genotyping of the isolates was performed by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Results: Imipenem was the most effective antibiotic, while the highest resistance was observed to streptomycin. In total 40.2% of isolates were ESBL producers. Of 69 integron-positive isolates, 59 only had class I integrons, 4 only had class II integrons and 6 had both types. The most common gene cassette found within class I integrons was dfrA17-aadA5 (n=27). The E. coli isolates were divided into 16 MLVA clusters. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated the simultaneous presence of class I integrons and ESBLs involved in the resistance of UPEC isolates to antibacterial agents. Our finding also revealed that the E. coli isolates belonged to diverse clones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study attempted to examine the impact of inhabitants' perceptions and local community participation on supporting sustainable tourism development. The goal of the current study was to determine how local community involvement and local views affected the development of a sustainable tourism industry. Inhabitants' positive/negative perceptions and local community participation had direct but differential effects on supporting sustainable tourism development. Findings revealed that positive perceptions of residents affected their support for tourism development at twice the rate than their negative perceptions did, which indicated their higher readiness for participating in the tourism development process. Moreover, findings showed that using 16 latent variables to form a structural model and a path analysis method was good enough in terms of covering the research questions and analyzing the dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this work, we have prepared two new sulfur CPs with group 12 transition metals, namely, [Zn (NCS)Cl(μ2‐L)]n(1) and [Hg (SCN)2(μ2‐L)]n(3). [Cd (NCS)Cl(μ2‐L)]n(2), which is isostructural with 1, was synthesized for a comparison from our published work. These compounds have been characterized by FT‐IR, UV–Vis, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), elemental analysis (CHNS), scanning electron microscopy (Fe‐SEM), TGA, BET, and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis for 1 and 3. In the structure of all polymers, the bbit ligand [L = bbit = 1,1‐bis(3‐methyl‐4‐imidazoline‐2‐thion)butane] is bridged between metal centers by the anti‐anti‐anti conformation to form an infinite 1D zigzag chain. The considered polymers were used for the removal of a substantial amount of I2 from cyclohexane solution. Despite the nonporous and low dimensional frameworks of title polymers, their maximum iodine adsorption capacities were notable and in order of 817.68, 906.48, and 911.08 mg/g for polymers 1–3, respectively, with an extraordinary stability toward iodine. The capacity of micro‐sized structures was almost double as compared with their bulk ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current paper, we have successfully synthesized three new mercury coordination polymers with fascinating structures and properties via a flexible sulfur donor ligand, namely, {[Hg(μ2-Cl)(μ2-Ls)]} n [BF4] n (1), {[Hg(μ2-Cl)(μ2-Ls)]} n [ClO4] n (2), and [Hg(SCN)2(μ2-Ls)] n (3) [Ls = 1,1-bis(3-methyl-4-imidazoline-2-thione)methane]. These complexes have been characterized by means of different techniques such as single crystal X-ray crystallography, FT-IR, elemental analysis (CHNS), UV-Vis, PXRD, BET, and TGA. Suitable single crystals of all complexes were obtained using the branch tube method with a very high yield and good stability due to the high affinity of mercury to bind to the thione groups. The cationic moieties of polymers 1 and 2 were isostructural, with a HgCl2S2 coordination core structure. The voids of the quasi-hexagonal packing of the columnar chains were occupied by unbonded tetrahedral BF4− ions in 1 and perchlorate anions in polymer 2. Polymer 3 has a less distorted tetrahedral geometry than 1 and 2, with a HgS4 core structure. By considering the thiophilicity of mercury, a thioamide-based Ls ligand was used to detoxify Hg(II) into insoluble polymers 1–3. The results of an MTT assay for (HepG2) liver cells confirmed the excellent cytoprotective effect of this ligand against mercury. Based on IC50 calculations, their toxicity was in order of polymer 1 > polymer 2 > polymer 3. These polymers were also considered as adsorbents for the reversible removal of iodine from solution and the kinetics of the process has been studied in detail. Interestingly, all of them showed an excellent stability and high capacity, in order of 763.53 mg g−1, 877.10 mg g−1, and 905.31 mg g−1 for polymers 1–3, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meloxicam (MLX) is a generic drug with a wide range of pharmaceutical applications in the world. In this study, the nanostructural form of MLX was prepared using the microemulsion (ME) method. The size distribution of droplets was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Among several substances, oleic acid was chosen as the oily phase, and Tween 80/PEG 400 (1/1) and Tween 80/ethanol (2/1) were selected as surfactants and co‐surfactants to create a stable and large area of the ME zone. The droplet sizes for MEs created for Tween/ethanol and Tween/PEG 400 were about 13 and 800 nm, respectively. This shows that the ME is in the form of nano‐micelles. Despite the small size of Tween/ethanol, the release amount of the drug from Tween/PEG 400 was higher. The release rate of the drug formulation and its variation were experimentally investigated in the Franz diffusion cell using UV spectroscopy detection. In addition, the simulation of the drug release was carried out. The diffusion coefficient of Tween 80/ethanol (1/1), calculated using the simulation, was about 16.8 × 10−13 cm2/s, and it was predicted that the maximum percentage of release after 24 h would be about 70%. Finally, the release of MLX in the skin tissue was predicted by applying the rate of metabolism in the simulation. The results showed that the maximum percentage of MLX released into the skin was about 40%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleepiness and the changes in vital signs affect the quality of work of hospital staff. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleepiness and physiological changes and vital signs in night shift workers in rehabilitation staff. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study performed on night shift personnel of Rafideh Hospital in Tehran City, Iran, in 2018. A questionnaire, including demographic information and the Stanford sleepiness scale, was used for data collection. The results were analyzed using repeated measures analysis in SPSS software v. 21. Results: The Mean±SD age of the participants was 38.23±5.96 years, comprising 33 men (64.7%) and 18 women (35.3%). Most personnel were married (72.5%) and non-smoker (82.4%). The amount of sleepiness increased significantly with increasing working time. Demographic characteristics had no significant association with sleepiness. However, there was a significant negative association between sleepiness and heart rate, and oral temperature. Blood pressure showed a decreasing trend with increasing working time until midnight. Also, an increase in blood pressure was recorded at 2 AM. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that sleepiness might have a significant association with vital signs in night work personnel. Hence, proper planning of shift work schedules and compatibility with physiological conditions might result in better working conditions for medical staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new coordination polymers namely, [(AgCN)4LS]n (1) and [(AgCN)3LN]n (2), were successfully synthesized by the reaction of AgNO3 and cyanide as a co-anion with LS[1,1′-(hexane-1,4-diyl)bis(3-methylimidazoline-2-thione] and LN[1,1,3,3-tetrakis(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazole)propane] ligands in order to use them for the preparation of magnetic nanocomposites with MnFe2O4 nanoparticles by an efficient and facile method. They were then well characterized via numerous techniques, including elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, TGA, PXRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, VSM, BET, ICP, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The considered polymers and their magnetic nanocomposites with nearly the same antibacterial activity demonstrated a highly inhibitive effect on the growth of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) bacteria. By considering the simple separation and recyclable characters of the magnetic nanocomposites, these materials are suitable to be used in biological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation of the impact of the shape, size and coordination ability of counterions was carried out on five silver(I) 1,2-bis(1-methylthioimidazolyl)ethane coordination polymers, namely, [Ag2L(NO3)2]n (1), [Ag2L(SO3CF3)2]n (2), {[AgL][ClO4]}n (3), {[AgL]2[BF4]2}n (4) and {[AgL]3[PF6]3}n (5). They have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, PXRD and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. [Ag2L(NO3)2]n (1) was produced in the presence of a strongly coordinating anion (NO3−). In the 1D structure of 1, the ligand appears in a pentadentate form and the nitrate acts as a co-ligand in a bidentate coordination fashion. As in 1, in 2 CF3SO3− with a moderately coordinating potential builds up a natural structure with only one kind of coordination mode for the ligand and two types of coordination geometry for the silver atoms. The difference between structures 1 and 2 can be attributed to the size and coordination ability of their anions, which changed the coordination environment of silver ions without changing the coordination fashion of the ligand. In polymer 3, by decreasing the coordination ability and increasing the size of perchlorate relative to that of the previously considered anions, the coordination mode of the ligand and hence the coordination environment of the silver centers were changed. Unlike all the title compounds in the cationic structure of 3, one of the crystallographically independent AgI centers adopts a distorted trigonal planar environment. Complex 4 with an extended helical chain of [Ag2L]n2+ was obtained when AgBF4 with a small, non-coordinated anion was used to react with the L ligand. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the most changes were detected in polymer 5 with a rare triple chain structure and a scarce coordination mode of the ligand by using the bulky, uncoordinated PF6− anion. In fact, changing the type of the anion causes a change in the coordination mode of the ligand and in turn in the structural coordination geometry of the polymer. Additionally, the adsorption potential of the polymers was examined by using NH3 and H2S gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning approaches that are one of the key concepts of students' learning in higher education. The aim of this study was to identify factors related to learning approaches in students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. The method of the present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study included all medical students in Sabzevar; Cluster sampling and then Simple Random Sampling was used for sampling, the sample size according to Cochran's formula was 300 people. The questionnaires that were considered to collect information from the sample group were: Babaei Intelligence Beliefs Questionnaire (1998), Learning Approaches Questionnaire Miller et al. (1999), and classroom goal structure questionnaire by Migli et al. (1997). Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis using SPSS-22 software were used for statistical analysis of data. The results showed that the goal and class structure and Intelligence beliefs are related to Learning Approaches in Sabzevar medical students and among the components, the best predictor of Learning Approaches is the master class goal structure. If teachers shift the structure of their classrooms to a mastery structure, they will create more adaptable Learning Approaches in students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to their self-renewal and differentiation ability, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been studied extensively. However, the MSCs lifespan is restricted; they undergo several divisions in vitro that cause several alternations in cellular features and relatively lessens their application. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the effect of platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs), a valuable source of proteins, microRNAs (miRNAs), and growth factors, on the expression of hTERT, c-MYC, p16, p53, and p21 as the most important aging and cell longevity genes alongside with population doubling time (PDT) of PMP-treated cells in comparison to a control group. Methods: Umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) were used in this study, whereby they reached a confluency of 30%. MSCs were treated by PMPs (50 µg/mL), and then, PDT was determined for both groups. Quantitative expression of hTERT, c-MYC, p16, p53, and p21 was examined through quantitative real-time PCR at various intervals (i.e. after five and thirty days as well as freezingthawing process). Results: Our results demonstrated that the treated group had a shorter PDT in comparison to the control group (P < 0.050). The real-Time PCR data also indicated that PMPs were able to remarkably up-regulate hTERT and c-MYC genes expression while down-regulating the expression of p16, p21, and p53 genes (P < 0.050), especially following five days of treatment. Conclusion: According to these data, it appears that PMPs are a safe and effective candidate for prolonging the lifespan of UCMSCs; however, further investigations are needed to corroborate this finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new mono‐ and dinuclear zinc (II) complexes with a formula of [Zn (LN)OMeCl] (1) and [Zn2(LN)(N3)2Cl2] (2) [where LN = 1,1,3,3‐tetrakis(3,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrazolyl)propane)] have been synthesized in methanol as a solvent and fully characterized by the single crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, FT‐IR, UV–Vis, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. In both of them, zinc ion is tetrahedrally coordinated to two nitrogen atoms from one of the chelating bidentate bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)methane units of the LN ligand and one terminal chlorine. The forth coordination site was occupied by methoxy group in 1 and azide co‐ligand in complex 2. In contrast to 1, in the structure of 2 two metal centers are bridged by the tetradentate chelating LN ligand to form a dinuclear complex. Interestingly, the environment around the central atom in these complexes are mimicked with the core structure of the zinc metalloproteinases, Thermolysin {[NNO]ZnX} and Carbonic anhydrase {[NNN]ZnX} for complexes 1 and 2, respectively. Data analysis of the antibacterial activities demonstrated that the gram positive species showed more sensitivity toward the target title agents. Although, both complexes exhibit antibacterial activities and kill bacteria at low concentration, but complex 1 has higher DNA cleavage activity than 2. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the free ligand and its complexes was evaluated against the human carcinoma cell line (Caco‐2) by the MTT method and the IC50 values were calculated for all of them. Due to the presence of pyrazole rings in the structure of the ligand and its complexes, these materials have a substantial potential to inhibit cancer cell metastasis. The energetic stabilization due to donor‐acceptor interactions in terms of the natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses and nonlinear optical properties were also examined by using the DFT calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To use qualitative research methods to evaluate the experiences of patients with chronic oral diseases. Material and Methods: Purposive sampling was used to recruit patients from the Oral Medicine Unit of Kerman University Dental School. An experienced independent facilitator convened the focus groups and conducted individual interviews in a non-clinical setting. Focus groups were mixed regarding their gender, age, chronic oral mucosal condition, time since diagnosis, and severity. A total of 39 patients participated in the study, including patients with oral lichen planus, pemphigus, recurrent aphthous stomatitis and leukoplakia. Results: Analysis of the interviews revealed that patient views could be divided into the following themes: biopsychosocial issues, treatment limitations and side effects, unpredictability of the conditions and the potential for malignant transformation. Chronic oral mucosal conditions affected patients' daily lives in various areas, from physical health and functioning to concerns about their future. Conclusion: The oral medicine practitioner's role in treating patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases extended beyond active management and symptomatic relief to the management of all aspects of these conditions that affected their daily lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Higher education plays a key role in helping students achieve civility; however, uncivil behaviors are growing. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the educators and students perceptions of frequency and importance of the incivility of nursing students. Methods: In this descriptive comparative study, 178 nursing students were selected through stratified random sampling. By purposive sampling, Sixty-seven educators of the Lorestan University of Medical Sciences were participated. Data were collected using Incivility in Nursing Education-Revised Survey. All analyses were carried out using SPSS, version 20, as well as descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and variance analysis. Results: Educators and students, disagreed on the frequency and importance of some uncivil behaviors. T he uncivil behaviors experienced mostly by educators were: "expressing disinterest about course content"(%73), and " arriving late for class"(%69.9). According to students, the uncivil behaviors experienced mostly were: " expressing disinterest about course content"(%78.6), and " using a media device in class (%70.2)". Also, from the perspectives of educators and students, the maximum mean score belonged to" physical violence "(3.9±0.53, 3.84±0.58)," property damage" (3.87±0.49, 3.83±0.59), and " physical threats or harm to others" (3.87±0.58, 3.83±0.59) items, which indicated the high importance of these items. In contrast, the lowest mean score belonged to" demanding make-up exams, extensions" (2.19±1.07, 1.99±1.08), and "being distant and cold toward others" (2.3 3±0.9, 2.41±1.02). Conclusion: Given the similarities and differences between the views of educators and students on the importance and frequency of uncivil behaviors, the necessity of designing strateg ies to increase their awareness of civilization, rooting out the cause s of such behaviors, or considering the topic in undergraduate nursing curriculum are felt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]