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Deals with measurements of temporal and spatial characteristics of electrohydrodynamic instabilities. Behavior of unstable surface perturbations which arises when an electric field is applied normal to the surface of a liquid; Dependence of the wavelength of the dominant mode and the initial temporal behavior of the electrohydrodynamically driven instability.

Studies the nonlinear behavior of liquid surface in electric field of liquid lithium ion source. Development of ion source for inertial confinement fusion; Linear theory for surface waves; Discussion on the results of the study.

Investigates the possibility of forming large-area liquid-metal ion sources by examining the behavior of a planar liquid-conducting surface in the presence of a high electric field. Application of electrohydrodynamic instability theory to a planar liquid-lithium surface; Equations of motion and boundary conditions for a planar liquid metal in an electric Distorted surface structure caused by unstable growth in high electric field.

Leonard Weiss: What Would States Sacrifice for Nonproliferation?; Page van der Linden: Disarmament alongside Deterrence; Lani Miyoshi Sanders, Sharon M. DeLand & Arian L. Pregenzer respond [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his 2009 Prague speech and the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review, President Barack Obama committed the United States to take concrete steps toward nuclear disarmament while maintaining a safe, secure, and effective nuclear deterrent. There is an inherent tension between these two goals that is best addressed through improved integration of nuclear weapons objectives with nuclear arms control objectives. This article reviews historical examples of the interaction between the two sets of objectives, develops a framework for analyzing opportunities for future integration, and suggests specific ideas that could benefit the nuclear weapons enterprise as it undergoes transformation and that could make the future enterprise compatible with a variety of arms control futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International technical cooperation on issues relevant to the challenges of nuclear disarmament can demonstrate commitment to obligations under Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, strengthen the security of fissile materials and weapons, and develop technical approaches to support more ambitious disarmament activities in the future. Including non-nuclear weapon states would ensure that their views are taken into account and would invest them in developing solutions to key challenges. This article discusses three areas for technical cooperation that would build on past activities and that could produce such benefits as improved protection, control, and accounting of nuclear weapons and fissile material; enhanced transparency for nuclear weapon complexes; and mechanisms for international management of sensitive civilian nuclear facilities. International cooperation in each of these areas could provide a technical basis for pursuing possible future disarmament negotiations and substantively demonstrate commitment to Article VI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) equations of motion ora planar liquid-lithium surface in the presence of a normal electric field suggest that liquid lithium may provide a largearea ion source for intense ion-beam diodes. Such sources are being developed for the Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II at Sandia National Laboratories. In this paper, theoretical and experimental studies of the planar EHD ion source will be reviewed. When a planar liquid surface is subjected to an electric field of sufficient magnitude, EHD instabilities produce an array of cusps on the surface. The electric field enhancement at the apex of each cusp is sufficient to permit field evaporation of ions. The time delay between application of the electric field and ion emission depends on the magnitude and rate of increase of the applied electric field, and on the initial amplitude of the surface perturbation. Above 10 MV/cm, theory indicates that field emission will occur on a nanosecond time scale and that the characteristic sparing of emitters will be < 1 µm. At these fields, the source should have an intrinsic divergence of < 6 mrad and the effects of space charge from neighboring emitters should not inhibit emission significantly. Experimental measurements of wavelengths and cusp-formation-times for water and ethanol at electric fields near the critical field for instability have agreed well with theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]