Search

The aim of this study is to explore the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnosing endocrine disorders, with a specific focus on diabetes and thyroid diseases. Artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms, has emerged as a pivotal technology in medicine, enabling early diagnosis and precise evaluation of complex medical conditions. This paper provides an overview of current technological solutions, including an analysis of the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of various AI algorithms, as well as their efficiency compared to traditional diagnostic methods. Methodologically, the study relies on a systematic review of the existing literature and case studies analyzing the use of algorithms such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) and support vector machines (SVM). The results show that AI tools provide a significant advantage over classical approaches, with accuracy exceeding 90% in identifying key biomarkers and abnormalities in laboratory test results. The role of algorithms in personalizing diagnostic protocols and optimizing treatment workflows is particularly highlighted. The conclusion emphasizes the potential of artificial intelligence to advance the diagnosis of endocrine disorders and contribute to the development of sustainable, high-precision solutions in the healthcare system. At the same time, challenges such as ethical concerns, integration into clinical practice, and the need for data standardization are discussed. Future research should focus on optimizing algorithms and implementing them in real-world clinical settings.

Background/Aim. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the healthcare system, particularly healthcare providers such as nurses/medical technicians, who were obliged to adhere to strict procedures and manage their time effectively during shifts. The aim of this study was to identify internal strengths, weaknesses, threats, and challenges in palliative care management during the C OVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of nurses/medical technicians. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a 100% sample of nurses/medical technicians working in hospital-based palliative care in two clinics in Belgrade (47 respondents in total). The research instrument was a Questionnaire on Employee Satisfaction. The survey was conducted during September and October 2022. Results. Assessing the job satisfaction of nurses/ medical technicians revealed moderate job satisfaction (3.43), which was mostly influenced by appropriate financial compensation and the implementation of measures to prevent and control the spread of the COVID-19 infection. The dimensions of management that were significantly related to respondents’ satisfaction were motivation and adequacy of hygienic conditions and measures to control COVID-19 (χ2 = 62.83, p = 0.004 and χ2 = 36.42, p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusion. Nurses/medical technicians who experience stress at work in regular conditions tend to react the same way in different conditions, such as those related to COVID-19 infection. The most difficult challenge that the management faces is the recognition of the importance of the work of nurses/medical technicians by the community. Therefore, it is vital to respect and support the most important professional values of nurses/medical technicians, such as valuable achievements, the importance of professional challenges, personal growth and development, and independence in practice.

Introduction. In modern global times, the answer to the question of how to live well is palliative care. It is a type of care that is dedicated to creating circumstances in which the process of dying, and death itself, becomes a dignified and acceptable moment. The palliative approach is based on empathy, understanding, on preserving the dignity of the patient, on open two-way communication, as well as on caring for the patient’s family. Objective. This article comprises three aims. The first aim refers to introducing our professional milieu to the basic concepts and philosophy of palliative care. The second aim points out the importance of multidisciplinary and comprehensive care (physical, psycho-social, and spiritual) in palliative care in general. The third aim is to critically consider various obstacles and resistance that exists in our environment regarding the organization of palliative care, through the prism of various models of palliative care around the world, particularly in Europe and in the regional countries. To search the literature, we used the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, SCIndeks, Google Scholar; by the following keywords: palliative care, neonatal palliative care, nursing, palliative pain, national palliative care program. We presented the analyzed data using a descriptive method. Conclusion. If the right to palliative care is seen as a special human right, it can be concluded that our country lags significantly behind developed countries in this regard. Hence, the preoccupation of the author in this paper is the theoretical foundation of palliative care, with special emphasis on the multidisciplinary team. The purpose of this paper is to point out the connection between palliative care and the phenomenon of the quality of life, as something that is extremely important not only to each individual but to the society as a whole.

At a time when the use of digital technologies has become totally available to a large number of people, digital transformations in the domain of health enable significant changes when it comes to knowledge, information and provision of healthcare services. Therefore, in the conditions of an increase in the number of people suffering from malignant diseases, the application of digital communications provides new frameworks for the provision of healthcare services as well as the organization of some preventive activities. The paper tests the differences in answers between respondents who have different demographic characteristics, general health assessment, performed screening and received information about malignant diseases. Carrying out this research, the authors want to draw attention to the current issues of the healthcare system, in order to define some strategies for new ways of doing business in healthcare. All their efforts are in that context.

Nowadays, pain along with respiratory rate, body temperature, hart rate, arterial blood pressure breathing, temperature, pulse and pressure is considered the fifth vital sign. It is often stated that the pain is the most common symptom in clinical practice, a frequent cause of functional impairment of individual inability to function in a normal way, and the most common reason for seeking medical help. In patients who suffer from a long-term feeling of intense pain, efficiency and working ability are reduced and their emotional state is damaged as well. Due to long-term treatment and damaged everyday functioning, these patients often find themselves as social and financial issues. Knowledge about pain goes back far into the history of medical science and says that pain is a symptom of disease and will disappear when the underlying disease is cured. Nowadays, especially the chronic pain is identified as an independent health issue that can and must be treated. The pain is not only the transmission of impulses from the place of injury to the perception area of the brain but a phenomenon that is influenced by factors quantitative, qualitative and sensory, as well as cultural, social and economic. In addition to physical damage, the combination of psychological, social and spiritual component leads us to the concept of total pain definition. Therefore, it is necessary to act to all these causes for complete pain relief. Pain is an important public health issue worldwide. Despite the tremendous progress of science with new technological discoveries and pharmacological agents, pain is still a worldwide problem. It is a basic human right to live without pain, which means that the health care system is responsible to provide help to anyone who feels pain.

Copyright of Acta Medica Medianae is the property of Acta Medica Medianae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/Aim. Hip fracture is one of the leading causes of death in elderly population. We evaluated the impact of gender differences on mortality rate in elderly patients with hip fracture. Methods. The study included all hospitalized elderly patients (aged over 65 years) with hip fracture during 2013. The patients were classified into four risk groups in accordance with institutional Şişli Etfal risk factor assessment scale ISERFAS to estimate postoperative mortality. Clinical, laboratory and risk score results were gender matched between survived and deceased patients. Hospital mortality was monitored as well as mortality at intervals of three and six months. The prediction effect of gender and overall risk variables on mortality rate were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results. The complete sample included 434 female and 163 male patients. Average age of men was 77.95 years and 79.18 years for women. Femoral neck fracture was more often seen in women (44.5%), but with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.57). Significant difference between the genders in relation to the risk score values was determined (p = 0.024). It was observed that the values of risk score was lower in the female patients and higher in the male patients. Cumulative mortality was 6% during hospital stay, 17.8% after three months and 25% after six months, respectively. In-hospital and six months after the hip fracture, the mortality rates were similar in both genders. The mortality rate was significantly higher in male patients (p = 0.035) three months after the hip fracture. The overall risk observed at all mortality intervals was a significant predictor by itself (p = 0.000). Independent gender prediction effect disappeared in joint effects of patients’ overall risk. Conclusion. Gender can be defined as a significant mortality predictor in patients with hip fracture. A risk assessment system to estimate postoperative mortality for hip fractures would be helpful in planning treatment for each patient. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 175007]

The paper focuses thematically on one of the essential issues of human existence, a complex and a mysterious phenomenon of ageing. The old people with their biological and psychological features, with their social position and other aspects, are the inexhaustible source of professional research of doctors and sociologists. As opposed to the usual pessimistic attitude of ageing and the old age, the paper points, within the humanist and social work frame, to man's awareness of overcoming the transience of human existence by cultivating a sense and a beauty of life. By elaborating on the concept of ageing, the authors stress the length and the quality of life, which could be advanced by the interaction of three groups of factors: social engagement and participation, the reduction of illness and the improvement of the high level of psychological and mental functions.

Copyright of Acta Medica Medianae is the property of Acta Medica Medianae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis is the property of Nis University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)