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325 results on '"Purushothaman, S"'

2. A compact start time counter using plastic scintillators readout with MPPC arrays for the WASA-FRS HypHI experiment

Author

Liu, E., Drozd, V., Ekawa, H., Escrig, S., Gao, Y., He, Y., Kasagi, A., Nakagawa, M., Ong, H., Rappold, C., Sekiya, R., Saito, T.R., Tang, X., Tanaka, Y.K., Wang, H., Yanai, A., Achenbach, P., Alfaki, H. Alibrahim, Amjad, F., Armstrong, M., Behr, K.-H., Benlliure, J., Brencic, Z., Dickel, T., Dubey, S., Feijoo-Fontán, M., Fujioka, H., Geissel, H., Goldenbaum, F., González, A. Graña, Haettner, E., Harakeh, M.N., Heggen, H., Hornung, C., Hubbard, N., Itahashi, K., Iwasaki, M., Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N., Kavatsyuk, M., Kazantseva, E., Khreptak, A., Kindler, B., Knoebel, R., Kollmus, H., Kostyleva, D., Kraft-Bermuth, S., Kurz, N., Lommel, B., Minami, S., Morrissey, D.J., Moskal, P., Mukha, I., Muneem, A., Nakazawa, K., Nociforo, C., Pietri, S., Pochodzalla, J., Purushothaman, S., Rocco, E., Rodríguez-Sánchez, J.L., Roy, P., Ruber, R., Schadmand, S., Scheidenberger, C., Schwarz, P., Serdyuk, V., Skurzok, M., Streicher, B., Suzuki, K., Szczepanczyk, B., Tortorelli, N., Vencelj, M., Weber, T., Weick, H., Will, M., Wimmer, K., Yamamoto, A., Yoshida, J., and Zhao, J.

Published
2024
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3. Quasi-real-time range monitoring by in-beam PET: a case for 15O

Author

Purushothaman, S., Kostyleva, D., Dendooven, P., Haettner, E., Geissel, H., Schuy, C., Weber, U., Boscolo, D., Dickel, T., Graeff, C., Hornung, C., Kazantseva, E., Kuzminchuk-Feuerstein, N., Mukha, I., Pietri, S., Roesch, H., Tanaka, Y. K., Zhao, J., Durante, M., Parodi, K., and Scheidenberger, C.

Published
2023
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6. Increasing the rate capability for the cryogenic stopping cell of the FRS Ion Catcher

Author

Zhao, J.W., Amanbayev, D., Dickel, T., Miskun, I., Plaß, W.R., Tortorelli, N., San Andrés, S. Ayet, Beck, S., Bergmann, J., Brencic, Z., Constantin, P., Geissel, H., Greiner, F., Gröf, L., Hornung, C., Kuzminchuk, N., Kripkó-Koncz, G., Mardor, I., Pohjalainen, I., Scheidenberger, C., Thirolf, P.G., Bagchi, S., Haettner, E., Kazantseva, E., Kostyleva, D., Oberstedt, A., Pietri, S., Reiter, M.P., Tanaka, Y.K., Wada, M., Balabanski, D.L., Benyamin, D., Harakeh, M.N., Hubbard, N., Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N., Mollaebrahimi, A., Mukha, I., Narang, M., Niwase, T., Patyk, Z., Purushothaman, S., Rotaru, A., Spǎtaru, A., Stanic, G., Vencelj, M., Weick, H., and Yu, J.

Published
2024
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7. The WASA-FRS project at GSI and its perspective

Author

Saito, T.R., Achenbach, P., Alfaki, H. Alibrahim, Amjad, F., Armstrong, M., Behr, K.-H., Benlliure, J., Brencic, Z., Dickel, T., Drozd, V., Dubey, S., Ekawa, H., Escrig, S., Feijoo-Fontán, M., Fujioka, H., Gao, Y., Geissel, H., Goldenbaum, F., González, A. Graña, Haettner, E., Harakeh, M.N., He, Y., Heggen, H., Hornung, C., Hubbard, N., Itahashi, K., Iwasaki, M., Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N., Kasagi, A., Kavatsyuk, M., Kazantseva, E., Khreptak, A., Kindler, B., Knoebel, R., Kollmus, H., Kostyleva, D., Kraft-Bermuth, S., Kurz, N., Liu, E., Lommel, B., Metag, V., Minami, S., Morrissey, D.J., Moskal, P., Mukha, I., Muneem, A., Nakagawa, M., Nakazawa, K., Nociforo, C., Ong, H.J., Pietri, S., Pochodzalla, J., Purushothaman, S., Rappold, C., Rocco, E., Rodríguez-Sánchez, J.L., Roy, P., Ruber, R., Schadmand, S., Scheidenberger, C., Schwarz, P., Sekiya, R., Serdyuk, V., Skurzok, M., Streicher, B., Suzuki, K., Szczepanczyk, B., Tanaka, Y.K., Tang, X., Tortorelli, N., Vencelj, M., Wang, H., Weber, T., Weick, H., Will, M., Wimmer, K., Yamamoto, A., Yanai, A., Yoshida, J., and Zhao, J.

Published
2023
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8. Storage, accumulation and deceleration of secondary beams for nuclear astrophysics

Author

Glorius, J., Litvinov, Yu. A., Aliotta, M., Amjad, F., Brückner, B., Bruno, C.G., Chen, R., Davinson, T., Dellmann, S.F., Dickel, T., Dillmann, I., Erbacher, P., Forstner, O., Geissel, H., Griffin, C.J., Grisenti, R., Gumberidze, A., Haettner, E., Hess, R., Hillenbrand, P.-M., Hornung, C., Joseph, R., Jurado, B., Kazanseva, E., Knöbel, R., Kostyleva, D., Kozhuharov, C., Kuzminchuk, N., Langer, C., Leckenby, G., Lederer-Woods, C., Lestinsky, M., Litvinov, S., Löher, B., Lorenz, B., Lorenz, E., Marsh, J., Menz, E., Morgenroth, T., Mukha, I., Petridis, N., Popp, U., Psaltis, A., Purushothaman, S., Reifarth, R., Rocco, E., Roy, P., Sanjari, M.S., Scheidenberger, C., Sguazzin, M., Sidhu, R.S., Spillmann, U., Steck, M., Stöhlker, T., Swartz, J.A., Tanaka, Y.K., Törnqvist, H., Varga, L., Vescovi, D., Weick, H., Weigand, M., Woods, P.J., Yamaguchi, T., and Zhao, J.

Published
2023
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9. Production and separation of positron emitters for hadron therapy at FRS-Cave M

Author

Haettner, E., Geissel, H., Franczak, B., Kostyleva, D., Purushothaman, S., Tanaka, Y.K., Amjad, F., Boscolo, D., Dickel, T., Graeff, C., Hessler, C., Hornung, C., Kazantseva, E., Kuzminchuk, N., Morrissey, D., Mukha, I., Pietri, S., Rocco, E., Roy, P., Roesch, H., Schuy, C., Schütt, P., Weber, U., Weick, H., Zhao, J., Durante, M., Parodi, K., and Scheidenberger, C.

Published
2023
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10. First coupling of the FRS particle identification and the FRS-Ion Catcher data acquisition systems: The case of 109In

Author

Spătaru, A., Hornung, C., Dickel, T., Haettner, E., Pietri, S., Ayet San Andrés, S., Bagchi, S., Balabanski, D.L., Bergmann, J., Ebert, J., Finley, A., Geissel, H., Greiner, F., Hall, O., Kaur, S., Lippert, W., Miskun, I., Otto, J.-H., Plaß, W.R., Prochazka, A., Purushothaman, S., Rappold, C., Rink, A.-K., Scheidenberger, C., Tanaka, Y.K., Toernqvist, H., Weick, H., and Winfield, J.S.

Published
2022
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16. Study of light hypernuclei in Europe: The hypertriton and nnΛ puzzles

Author

Rappold C., Achenbach P., Alibrahim Alfaki H., Amjad F., Armstrong M., Behr K.-H., Benlliure J., Brencic Z., Dickel T., Drozd V., Dubey S., Ekawa H., Escrig S., Feijoo-Fontan M., Fujioka H., Gao Y., Geissel H., Goldenbaum F., Graña Gonzalez A., Haettner E., Harakeh M. N., He Y., Heggen H., Hornung C., Hubbard N., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Kalantar-Nayestanaki N., Kasagi A., Kavatsyuk M., Kazantseva E., Khreptak A., Kindler B., Knoebel R., Kollmus H., Kostyleva D., Kraft-Bermuth S., Kurz N., Liu E., Lommel B., Metag V., Minami S., Morrissey D.J., Moskal P., Mukha I., Muneem A., Nakagawa M., Nakazawa K., Nociforo C., Ong H.J., Pietri S., Pochodzalla J., Purushothaman S., Rocco E., Rodríguez-Sánchez J.L., Roy P., Ruber R., Saito T.R., Schadmand S., Scheidenberger C., Schwarz P., Sekiya R., Serdyuk V., Skurzok M., Streicher B., Suzuki K., Szczepanczyk B., Tanaka Y. K., Tang X., Tortorelli N., Vencelj M., Wang H., Weber T., Weick H., Will M., Wimmer K., Yamamoto A., Yanai A., Yoshida J., and Zhao J.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The current understanding of light hypernuclei, which are sub-atomic nuclei with strangeness, is being challenged and studied in detail by several European research groups and collaborations. In recent years, studies of hypernuclei using high-energy heavy ion beams have reported unexpected results on the three-body hypernuclear state 3ΛH, named the hypertriton. For some time, reports of a shorter lifetime and larger binding energy than what was previously accepted have created a puzzling situation for its theoretical description; this is known as the "hypertriton puzzle". With the inclusion of the most recent experimental measurements, the current status of the hypertriton puzzle is evolving. Additionally, the possible neutral bound state of a Λ hyperon with two neutrons, nnΛ, has raised questions about our understanding of the formation of light hypernuclei either in bound or resonance states. These results have initiated several ongoing experimental programs all over the world to study these three-body hypernuclear states precisely. We are studying these light hypernuclear states by employing heavy ion beams at 2AGeV on a fixed carbon target with the WASA detector system and the Fragment Separator (FRS) at GSI. The WASA-FRS experimental campaign was performed during the first quarter of 2022, and this paper presents a short overview of the campaign and how it seeks to tackle the hypertriton and nnΛ puzzles. Data analysis is ongoing, and several preliminary results will be reported.

Published
2023
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17. First investigation on the isomeric ratio in multinucleon transfer reactions: Entrance channel effects on the spin distribution

Author

Kumar, D., Dickel, T., Zadvornaya, A., Beliuskina, O., Kankainen, A., Constantin, P., Purushothaman, S., Spataru, A., Stryjczyk, M., Al Ayoubi, L., Brunet, M., Canete, L., Delafosse, C., de Groote, R.P., de Roubin, A., Eronen, T., Ge, Z., Gins, W., Hornung, C., Hukkanen, M., Illana, A., Jokinen, A., Kahl, D., Kindler, B., Lommel, B., Mardor, I., Moore, I.D., Nesterenko, D.A., Nichita, D., Nikas, S., Ortiz-Cortes, A., Penttilä, H., Podolyák, Zs., Pohjalainen, I., Raggio, A., Reponen, M., Rinta-Antila, S., Romero, J., Saren, J., Vilen, M., Virtanen, V., Weaver, A., and Winfield, J.

Published
2024
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20. Quasi-real-time range monitoring by in-beam PET: a case for 15O.

Author

Purushothaman, S., Kostyleva, D., Dendooven, P., Haettner, E., Geissel, H., Schuy, C., Weber, U., Boscolo, D., Dickel, T., Graeff, C., Hornung, C., Kazantseva, E., Kuzminchuk-Feuerstein, N., Mukha, I., Pietri, S., Roesch, H., Tanaka, Y. K., Zhao, J., Durante, M., and Parodi, K.

Subjects
*LINEAR energy transfer, *ION beams, *POSITRON annihilation, *POSITRON emission tomography, *POSITRONS, *PRODUCTION methods
Abstract

A fast and reliable range monitoring method is required to take full advantage of the high linear energy transfer provided by therapeutic ion beams like carbon and oxygen while minimizing damage to healthy tissue due to range uncertainties. Quasi-real-time range monitoring using in-beam positron emission tomography (PET) with therapeutic beams of positron-emitters of carbon and oxygen is a promising approach. The number of implanted ions and the time required for an unambiguous range verification are decisive factors for choosing a candidate isotope. An experimental study was performed at the FRS fragment-separator of GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany, to investigate the evolution of positron annihilation activity profiles during the implantation of 14 O and 15 O ion beams in a PMMA phantom. The positron activity profile was imaged by a dual-panel version of a Siemens Biograph mCT PET scanner. Results from a similar experiment using ion beams of carbon positron-emitters 11 C and 10 C performed at the same experimental setup were used for comparison. Owing to their shorter half-lives, the number of implanted ions required for a precise positron annihilation activity peak determination is lower for 10 C compared to 11 C and likewise for 14 O compared to 15 O, but their lower production cross-sections make it difficult to produce them at therapeutically relevant intensities. With a similar production cross-section and a 10 times shorter half-life than 11 C, 15 O provides a faster conclusive positron annihilation activity peak position determination for a lower number of implanted ions compared to 11 C. A figure of merit formulation was developed for the quantitative comparison of therapy-relevant positron-emitting beams in the context of quasi-real-time beam monitoring. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that among the positron emitters of carbon and oxygen, 15 O is the most feasible candidate for quasi-real-time range monitoring by in-beam PET that can be produced at therapeutically relevant intensities. Additionally, this study demonstrated that the in-flight production and separation method can produce beams of therapeutic quality, in terms of purity, energy, and energy spread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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21. Accurate simultaneous lead stopping power and charge-state measurements in gases and solids: Benchmark data for basic atomic theory and nuclear applications

Author

Ishikawa, S., Geissel, H., Purushothaman, S., Weick, H., Haettner, E., Iwasa, N., Scheidenberger, C., Sørensen, A.H., Tanaka, Y.K., Abel, T., Äystö, J., Bagchi, S., Dickel, T., Drozd, V., Franczak, B., Greiner, F., Harakeh, M.N., Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N., Kindler, B., Knöbel, R., Kostyleva, D., Kraft-Bermuth, S., Kuzminchuk, N., Lamour, E., Lommel, B., Mukha, I., Patyk, Z., Pietri, S., Schaumann, G., and Zhao, J.

Published
2023
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22. Experimental program of the Super-FRS Collaboration at FAIR and developments of related instrumentation

Author

Äystö, J., Behr, K.-H., Benlliure, J., Bracco, A., Egelhof, P., Fomichev, A., Galès, S., Geissel, H., Grahn, T., Grigorenko, L.V., Harakeh, M.N., Hayano, R., Heinz, S., Itahashi, K., Jokinen, A., Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N., Kanungo, R., Lenske, H., Mukha, I., Münzenberg, G., Nociforo, C., Ong, H.J., Pietri, S., Pfützner, M., Plaß, W., Prochazka, A., Purushothaman, S., Saito, T., Scheidenberger, C., Simon, H., Tanihata, I., Terashima, S., Toki, H., Trache, L., Weick, H., Winfield, J.S., Winkler, M., and Zamfir, V.

Published
2016
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23. Rate capability of a cryogenic stopping cell for uranium projectile fragments produced at 1000 MeV/u

Author

Reiter, M.P., Rink, A.-K., Dickel, T., Haettner, E., Heiße, F., Plaß, W.R., Purushothaman, S., Amjad, F., Ayet San Andrés, S., Bergmann, J., Blum, D., Dendooven, P., Diwisch, M., Ebert, J., Geissel, H., Greiner, F., Hornung, C., Jesch, C., Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N., Knöbel, R., Lang, J., Lippert, W., Miskun, I., Moore, I.D., Nociforo, C., Petrick, M., Pietri, S., Pfützner, M., Pohjalainen, I., Prochazka, A., Scheidenberger, C., Takechi, M., Tanaka, Y.K., Weick, H., Winfield, J.S., and Xu, X.

Published
2016
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24. An Effective Implementation of Autonomous Attendance System using Convolution Neural Networks

Author

Purushothaman S, Hariharasudhan M, Dinakaran V, Gogulselvam R, Akilan R, and Purushothaman S

Subjects
Attendance Recording, Autonomous system, Convolution Neural Network, Face Recognition, Iris Scanning, Smart Class room
Abstract

Attendance marking is a common method used by all educational institutions at all levels to keep track of students' daily presence. Previously, attendance was recorded manually. These procedures are precise and remove the possibility of enrolling false attendance, but they are time-consuming and labor-intensive for a big number of pupils. Autonomous systems based on radio frequency recognition scanning, fingerprint scanning, face recognition, and iris scanning are being developed to address the drawbacks of manual systems. Each strategy has pros and cons. Furthermore, most of these systems are limited by the requirement for one-on-one human interaction to record attendance. In this work, we developed a durable and effective attendance recording system based on a single group photograph that detects face identification and recognition algorithms to solve the limitations of existing human and autonomous attendance management systems. Using a high-definition camera mounted in a fixed position, a group of photos is collected for all of the students sitting in a classroom. Following that, using a typical approach, photos of the faces are extracted from the group photo, followed by identification using a convolution neural network acquainted in a student face database. We tested our approach using a range of group pictures and datasets. In terms of efficiency, convenience of use, and implementation, the suggested framework beats existing attendance tracking systems, according to our findings. The suggested system is a self-contained attendance system with minimal human-machine interaction, making it simple to integrate into a smart classroom.

Published
2022

27. The FRS Ion Catcher – A facility for high-precision experiments with stopped projectile and fission fragments

Author

Plaß, W.R., Dickel, T., Purushothaman, S., Dendooven, P., Geissel, H., Ebert, J., Haettner, E., Jesch, C., Ranjan, M., Reiter, M.P., Weick, H., Amjad, F., Ayet, S., Diwisch, M., Estrade, A., Farinon, F., Greiner, F., Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N., Knöbel, R., Kurcewicz, J., Lang, J., Moore, I., Mukha, I., Nociforo, C., Petrick, M., Pfützner, M., Pietri, S., Prochazka, A., Rink, A.-K., Rinta-Antila, S., Schäfer, D., Scheidenberger, C., Takechi, M., Tanaka, Y.K., Winfield, J.S., and Yavor, M.I.

Published
2013
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29. A review of additives in abrasive water jet machining and their performance.

Author

Sreekumar, M., Purushothaman, S., Srinivas, M. S., Katiyar, J. K., and Sankar, M. R.

Abstract

Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM) is an advanced machining process that has a variety of applications, including machining of hard-to-machine materials, drilling, milling, coating removal, polishing, etc. They are attractive because of their versatility, absence of heat-affected zones, low thermal-distortions, low cutting-forces, and environment-friendly nature. However, use of plain-water in AWJM poses some problems due to lack of jet coherence, poor suspension characteristics, and unsatisfactory performances in submerged-cutting and cutting of hollow surfaces. Countering these problems appropriately can lead to better cutting performances in terms of material removal rate, depth of cut, kerf-width, and kerf-taper. It can be achieved with addition of some additives in abrasive water-jet. These additives are mostly polymers of high molecular mass, which increases viscosity, suspension capability, and stability of jet, while reducing drag. In addition to AWJM, the effect of polymeric-additives in other water-based jets like Abrasive-Slurry-Jet (ASJ), High-pressure ASJ, etc. are also discussed. Therefore, this study aims to identify and list of different additives that are used in AWJM and other water-jet-based machining-processes over a past few decades, and to provide a run-through on their performances. It can provide the significant information to researchers working in fields related to waterjets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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31. Precision of the PET activity range during irradiation with 10 C, 11 C, and 12 C beams.

Author

Kostyleva, D, Purushothaman, S, Dendooven, P, Haettner, E, Geissel, H, Ozoemelam, I, Schuy, C, Weber, U, Boscolo, D, Dickel, T, Drozd, V, Graeff, C, Franczak, B, Hornung, C, Horst, F, Kazantseva, E, Kuzminchuk-Feuerstein, N, Mukha, I, Nociforo, C, and Pietri, S

Subjects
*ION beams, *IRRADIATION, *ION bombardment, *POSITRON emission tomography, *POSITRON beams, *STATISTICAL accuracy, *CARBON isotopes, *SQUARE root
Abstract

Objective. Beams of stable ions have been a well-established tool for radiotherapy for many decades. In the case of ion beam therapy with stable 12C ions, the positron emitters 10,11C are produced via projectile and target fragmentation, and their decays enable visualization of the beam via positron emission tomography (PET). However, the PET activity peak matches the Bragg peak only roughly and PET counting statistics is low. These issues can be mitigated by using a short-lived positron emitter as a therapeutic beam. Approach. An experiment studying the precision of the measurement of ranges of positron-emitting carbon isotopes by means of PET has been performed at the FRS fragment-separator facility of GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany. The PET scanner used in the experiment is a dual-panel version of a Siemens Biograph mCT PET scanner. Main results. High-quality in-beam PET images and activity distributions have been measured from the in-flight produced positron emitting isotopes 11C and 10C implanted into homogeneous PMMA phantoms. Taking advantage of the high statistics obtained in this experiment, we investigated the time evolution of the uncertainty of the range determined by means of PET during the course of irradiation, and show that the uncertainty improves with the inverse square root of the number of PET counts. The uncertainty is thus fully determined by the PET counting statistics. During the delivery of 1.6 × 107 ions in 4 spills for a total duration of 19.2 s, the PET activity range uncertainty for 10C, 11C and 12C is 0.04 mm, 0.7 mm and 1.3 mm, respectively. The gain in precision related to the PET counting statistics is thus much larger when going from 11C to 10C than when going from 12C to 11C. The much better precision for 10C is due to its much shorter half-life, which, contrary to the case of 11C, also enables to include the in-spill data in the image formation. Significance. Our results can be used to estimate the contribution from PET counting statistics to the precision of range determination in a particular carbon therapy situation, taking into account the irradiation scenario, the required dose and the PET scanner characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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34. Spectroscopy of η'-mesic Nuclei with WASA at GSI/FAIR

Author

Tanaka, Y. K., Bagchi, S., Haettner, E., Harakeh, M. N., Hayano, R. S., Hirenzaki, S., Hornung, C., Igarashi, Y., Ikeno, N., Itahashi, K., Iwasaki, M., Jido, D., Benlliure, J., Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N., Kanungo, R., Kindler, B., Knöbel, R., Kostyleva, D., Kurz, N., Kuzminchuk, N., Lommel, B., Ma, Y., Matsumoto, S. Y., Dickel, T., Metag, V., Minami, S., Moskal, P., Mukha, I., Nagae, T., Nagahiro, H., Nakagawa, M., Ong, H. J., Outa, H., Pietri, S., Drozd, V., Plass, W. R., Prochazka, A., Purushothaman, S., Rappold, C., Ritman, J., Rodríguez-Sánchez, J. L., Ruber, R., Rundel, O., Saito, T. R., Scheidenberger, C., Ekawa, H., Sekiya, R., Serdyuk, V., Simon, H., Sitar, B., Skurzok, M., Strmen, P., Sun, B., Szarka, I., Takechi, M., Tanihata, I., Fujioka, H., Terashima, S., Weick, H., Yamamoto, A., Zhao, J., Geissel, H., Goldenbaum, F., and Guo, C.

Subjects
ddc:530
Abstract

We plan to conduct an experimental search for η′-mesic nuclei in order to investigate in-medium properties of the η′ meson. A 2.5 GeV proton beam is employed to produce η′-mesic 11C nuclei with the 12C(p,d)η′⊗11C reaction. Simultaneous measurements of the forward ejected deuterons and decay protons from η′-mesic nuclei will allow us to achieve high experimental sensitivity. The experiment will be performed at GSI by making full use of the fragment separator FRS and the WASA detector system. The plan of this proposed experiment is described.

Published
2020

40. Coupling Phase Behavior of Fatty Acid Containing Membranes to Membrane Bio-Mechanics

Author

Tyler, AII, Greenfield, JL, Seddon, JM, Brooks, NJ, and Purushothaman, S

Abstract

Biological membranes constantly modulate their fluidity for proper functioning of the cell. Modulation of membrane properties via regulation of fatty acid composition has gained a renewed interest owing to its relevance in endocytosis, endoplasmic reticulum membrane homeostasis, and adaptation mechanisms in the deep sea. Endowed with significant degrees of freedom, the presence of free fatty acids can alter the curvature of membranes which in turn can alter the response of curvature sensing proteins, thus defining adaptive ways to reconfigure membranes. Most significantly, recent experiments demonstrated that polyunsaturated lipids facilitate membrane bending and fission by endocytic proteins – the first step in the biogenesis of synaptic vesicles. Despite the vital roles of fatty acids, a systematic study relating the interactions between fatty acids and membrane and the consequent effect on the bio-mechanics of membranes under the influence of fatty acids has been sparse. Of specific interest is the vast disparity in the properties of cis and trans fatty acids, that only differ in the orientation of the double bond and yet have entirely unique and opposing chemical properties. Here we demonstrate a combined X-ray diffraction and membrane fluctuation analysis method to couple the structural properties to the biophysical properties of fatty acid-laden membranes to address current gaps in our understanding. By systematically doping pure dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) membranes with cis fatty acid and trans fatty acid we demonstrate that the presence of fatty acids doesn’t always fluidize the membrane. Rather, an intricate balance between the curvature, molecular interactions, as well as the amount of specific fatty acid dictates the fluidity of membranes. Lower concentrations are dominated by the nature of interactions between the phospholipid and the fatty acids. Trans fatty acid increases the rigidity while decreasing the area per lipid similar to the properties depicted by the addition of saturated fatty acids to lipidic membranes. Cis fatty acid however displays the accepted view of having a fluidizing effect at small concentrations. At higher concentrations curvature frustration dominates, leading to increased rigidity irrespective of the type of fatty acid. These results are consistent with theoretical predictions as detailed in the manuscript.

Published
2019

41. High-resolution, accurate MR-TOF-MS for short-lived, exotic nuclei of few events in their ground and low-lying isomeric states

Author

Ayet, S., Hornung, C., Ebert, J., Pla��, W. R., Dickel, T., Geissel, H., Scheidenberger, C., Bergmann, J., Greiner, F., Haettner, E., Jesch, C., Lippert, W., Mardor, I., Miskun, I., Patyk, Z., Pietri, S., Pihktelev, A., Purushothaman, S., Reiter, M. P., Rink, A. -K., Weick, H., Yavor, M. I., Bagchi, S., Charviakova, V., Constantin, P., Diwisch, M., Finlay, A., Kaur, S., Kn��bel, R., Lang, J., Mei, B., Moore, I. D., Otto, J. -H., Pohjalainen, I., Prochazka, A., Rappold, C., Takechi, M., Tanaka, Y. K., Winfield, J. S., and Xu, X.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Mass measurements of fission and projectile fragments, produced via $^{238}$U and $^{124}$Xe primary beams, have been performed with the multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MR-TOF-MS) of the FRS Ion Catcher with a mass resolving powers (FWHM) up to 410,000 and an uncertainty of $6\cdot 10^{-8}$. The nuclides were produced and separated in-flight with the fragment separator FRS at 300 to 1000 MeV/u and thermalized in a cryogenic stopping cell. The data-analysis procedure was developed to determine with highest accuracy the mass values and the corresponding uncertainties for the most challenging conditions: down to a few events in a spectrum and overlapping distributions, characterized only by a broader common peak shape. With this procedure, the resolution of low-lying isomers is increased by a factor of up to three compared to standard data analysis. The ground-state masses of 31 short-lived nuclides of 15 different elements with half-lives down to 17.9~ms and count rates as low as 11 events per nuclide were determined. This is the first direct mass measurement for seven nuclides. The excitation energies and the isomer-to-ground state ratios of six isomeric states with excitation energies down to about 280~keV were measured. For nuclides with known mass values, the average relative deviation from the literature values is $(2.9 \pm 6.2) \cdot 10^{-8}$. The measured two-neutron separation energies and their slopes near and at the N=126 and Z=82 shell closures indicate a strong element-dependent binding energy of the first neutron above the closed proton shell Z=82. The experimental results deviate strongly from the theoretical predictions, especially for N=126 and N=127.

Published
2019

44. Wafer-level 3D integration technology

Author

Koester, S.J., Young, A.M., Yu, R.R., Purushothaman, S., Chen, K.-N., La Tulipe, D.C., Jr., Rana, N., Shi, L., Wordeman, M.R., and Sprogis, E.J.

Subjects
3D technology, Technology application, Three-dimensional display systems -- Technology application
Abstract

An overview of wafer-level three-dimensional (3D) integration technology is provided. The basic reasoning for pursuing 3D integration is presented, followed by a description of the possible process variations and integration schemes, as well as the process technology elements needed to implement 3D integrated circuits. Detailed descriptions of two wafer-level integration schemes implemented at IBM are given, and the challenges of bringing 3D integration into a production environment are discussed.

Published
2008

45. A carbon-restoring silylation process for low-k dielectric repair

Author

Bhanap, A., Korolev, B., Nitta, S., Purushothaman, S., Bonilla, G., and Ryan, E.T.

Subjects
Thin films -- Properties -- Evaluation -- Research -- Usage, Dielectric films -- Properties -- Evaluation -- Research -- Usage, Dielectrics -- Usage -- Research
Abstract

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW Process-induced damage to porous OSG based low-k dielectrics has hampered use of these materials in advanced logic devices. Restoration of the dielectric constant and other properties is achieved […]

Published
2007

49. A Study On Qulity Of Work Life Among Employees At Ozone Group.

Author

Purushothaman, S., Harini, S., Praveen, Haleema, and Hariharan, K.

Subjects
QUALITY of work life, PRODUCTIVE life span, CONVENIENCE sampling (Statistics), CAREER development, VOCATIONAL guidance
Abstract

Quality Of Work Life Is The Degree To Which Individuals Are Able To Satisfy Their Important Personal Needs While Employed By The Firm. The Quality Of Work Life Is A Based On The Individual Satisfaction, Motivation, Involvement, Experience, And Commitments With Reference To Their Work. Quality Of Work Life May Be A Process In Organizations, Which Enables Its Members From All Levels To Participate Actively And Effectively In Shaping The Organization Environment, Methods, And Outcomes. There Is An Attempt To Look Into The Quality Of Work Life Among Employees. The Main Objective Of This Project Is To Understand The Current Scenario On Quality Of Work Life Among The Employees And Provide Measures To Improve It. This Could Be Found Out By Finding The Reasons, Which Affect The Employee's Quality Of Work Life, Satisfaction Level Of Employees Towards The Welfare Activities, Career Development Opportunities Provided By The Employer Which Will Be Our Secondary Objective. The Research Was Carried Out Using Descriptive Research Design And Convenience Sampling Method. The Sample Size Is Taken As 100 And Analysis Was Done Based On The Data Collected From The Questionnaire. The Tools Used For Analyzing The Data Are Chi-Square, Anova, Correlation Analysis. Based On The Findings, The Organization Should Focus On The Factors To Increase The Quality Of Work Life In The Organization. From The Research, The Reasons, The Areas That Is Needed To Improve The Quality Of Work Life Of Employees Could Be Identified And The Methods To Improve Them Could Be Found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

50. PRODUCTION OF EXOTIC NUCLEI VIA MNT REACTIONS USING GAS CELLS.

Author

SPATARU, A., BALABANSKI, D. L., BELIUSKINA, O., CONSTANTIN, P., DICKEL, T., HORNUNG, C., KANKAINEN, A., KARPOV, A. V., NICHITA, D., PLASS, W., PURUSHOTHAMAN, S., ROTARU, A., SAIKO, V. V., STATE, A., WINFIELD, J. S., and ZADVORNAYA, A.

Subjects
EXOTIC nuclei, HEAVY nuclei, GASES, CELLS
Abstract

The use of multi-nucleon transfer (MNT) reactions to produce neutronrich nuclei in the heavy region has received an increased attention in the last decade. The feasibility of employing such reactions at the FRS Ion Catcher facility at GSI and the IGISOL facility at JYFL is studied using a combination of theoretical calculations and experiment simulations. The reactions are computed within a Langevin-type model, and the Geant program is used to simulate the transport of the resulting products within the experimental setups of the above-mentioned facilities. The angular distribution of ion release, possible target choices and target-to-beam-dump distances are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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