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This study investigates the skid resistance performance of asphalt mixtures containing composite aggregates of basalt and limestone. The research aimed to predict the service life of the asphalt mixtures and identify the optimal basalt content for enhanced performance. Using an accelerated friction tester, friction indices such as the British pendulum number (BPN), mean texture depth (MTD), and dynamic friction coefficient (Dµ) were measured. The study conducted accelerated wear tests on mixtures with varying basalt contents under different water flow rates and loads. Results indicate that anti-skid performance decreased with increasing water flow, load, and wear cycles, initially showing a sharp decline followed by a gradual stabilization. Orthogonal experiments determined that basalt content had the most significant impact on skid resistance, followed by load and water flow rate. By converting skid resistance and MTD values into IFI values, a four-area diagram was created to illustrate skid resistance deterioration. The four-area IFI diagram also demonstrated that higher basalt content significantly enhances the skid resistance and service life of asphalt mixtures. Cost analysis based on life prediction showed that a 40% basalt content mixture is cost effective while maintaining excellent skid resistance. A test section study further validated that a 40% basalt content ensures good skid resistance, with indoor test predictions aligning closely with field data. Although the test section has been operational for only two years, ongoing monitoring will provide further insights into long-term skid resistance performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The membrane emulsification technique enables the self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) confined within a spherical geometry for large-scale production. The resulting solid microspheres show long-range ordering with chiral nematic structures, and this fascinating hierarchical architecture can even be transferred to mesoporous carbon or silica microparticles by a sacrificial template method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osmotic energy represents a promising energy resource because it is sustainable and environmentally benign. Subnanoscale channels are considered as a competitive platform for generating this blue energy due to their highly selective and ultrafast ion transport. However, fabricating functional subnanochannels capable of high energy output remains challenging. Here, a heterogeneous subnanochannel membrane formed by coating a functionalized self‐assembled metal−organic framework (MOF) monolayer (SAMM) film on a porous anodic aluminum oxide membrane, is reported. The SAMM film, with a thickness of ≈160 nm, is fabricated by self‐assembly of poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐vinylimidazole)‐modified UiO‐66‐NH2 nanoparticles at the water−air interface. In the SAMM, imidazole and NH2 groups provide abundant positive charges, while the angstrom‐scale windows act as ionic filters for selective screening of anions with different hydration diameters. As a result, the heterogeneous membrane exhibits excellent capacity for anion‐selective transport, which contributes to an optimal osmotic power of 6.76 W m−2 under a 100‐fold NaCl gradient, as well as a high Cl−/SO42− selectivity of ≈42.2. Further, the output power is increased to 10.5 W m−2 by methylating imidazole moieties on the MOF surface. This work provides a facile and modular approach to fabricate subnanochannels for enabling highly selective and efficient osmotic energy conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative modes of response can greatly push forward chemical sensing processes and subsequently improve sensing performance. Classical chemical sensing modes seldom involve the transition of a delicate molecular assembly during the response. Here, we display a sensing mode for polyamine detection based on an order–order transition of iron–sulfur complexes upon their assembly. Strong validation proves that the unique order–order transition of the assemblies is the driving force of the response, in which the polyamine captures the metal ion of the iron–sulfur complex, leading it to decompose into a metal–polyamine product, accompanied by an order–order transition of the assemblies. This mechanism makes the detection process more intuitive and selective, and remarkably improves the detection efficiency, achieving excellent polyamines specificity, second-level response, convenient visual detection, and good recyclability of the sensing system. Furthermore, this paper also provides opportunities for the further application of the iron–sulfur platform in environment-related fields. Polyamine detection is of particular importance in the food industry, typically achieved via direct bonding between sensor and analyte or by indicator displacement. Here, the self-assembly of iron–sulfur complexes is shown to enable the efficient and selective detection of polyamines, driven by an order-to-order transition upon assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reduction of ketones or alkenes is an attractive and challenging task in organic chemistry and has widespread applications in the production of fine chemicals, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, vitamins, and functional materials. Classical reduction methods usually require the use of potentially dangerous hydrogen and the reaction under high temperature and pressure conditions, so environmentally friendly, economical, simple, and safe reduction methods are urgently needed. This paper innovatively reports a method for the electrochemical reduction of diarylketones or aryl alkenes in a mixed solvent system of CH3CN/THF. The reaction proceeds smoothly, and the corresponding products are obtained in high yields. The mechanistic study shows that the reaction is a free radical reaction, and reveals the necessity of CH3CN solvent, which plays the three roles of solvent, proton donors, and reactant at the same time. Furthermore, the high yield of the gram‐scale experiment successfully confirmed the potential industrial application of this electrochemical method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional metal–organic framework (MOF) monolayer films, which can be considered as large-area, periodically ordered thin films with atom- or single-unit thickness, have attracted extensive attention due to their special properties and wide range of potential applications. However, the preparation of MOF monolayer films is still a great challenge, and the introduction of functional groups into MOF monolayer films is seldom reported. Here, we report the first centimeter-scale, photo-switchable, free-standing MOF monolayer film formed by self-assembly of poly-(methyl methacrylate-co-acrylamidoazobenzene)-coated MOF nanoparticles at the water–air interface. This self-assembled MOF monolayer film is extremely thin (∼220 or 50 nm) and has a high MOF loading (85 wt %), while exhibiting remarkable reversible photoswitching properties under alternating exposure to 365 nm UV and white light. Inspired by this, a light-gated ion nanochannel device is fabricated, which enables reversible ″OFF–ON″ changes of the ionic flux and has promising applications in the field of photoelectric conversion. This provides a modular route to design large-area, free-standing functional MOF monolayer films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to obtain the quantitative relationship between multisource data from road landscape and driving visual comfort in two‐lane mountainous road, we collected the driver's eye movement data and road environment data through real vehicle tests. The threshold segmentation method and the target landscape area ratio method are used to process the visual image, and the spatial enclosure degree is used to express the driver's sense of spatial closure. In addition, an HSV color model is established to characterize the driver's visual perception of the mountain highway landscape environment. Combining the target landscape area ratio of road landscape with the amount of color information, the calculation method of road landscape information is obtained. According to the characteristics of normal distribution of pupil area ratio, five grades of driver's visual comfort level are proposed, and the regression relationship between comfort level and landscape information is established. The study found that there is a significant negative correlation between the amount of road landscape information and the driver's visual comfort. When the amount of road landscape information is less than 0.338, the driving comfort is higher, which is conducive to driving safety. However, when the amount of landscape information in the road area exceeds 0.644, the driving comfort decreases significantly, which is detrimental to driving safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When driving on mountain roads, the drivers bear the dynamic load from the road environment. The sudden change of driving load will produce great safety risks and even lead to traffic accidents. In order to explore the driving risk of two‐lane road in mountainous areas, it is necessary to analyze the change of driving load from a quantitative point of view. Using the road driving experiment, 10 male drivers were selected according to the experimental road conditions, collect the driver's visual and heart rate indicators, analyze the driver's physiological indicators, and study the driver's driving load evolution process on the mountain road. Combined with the classification of road environment, a driving load evaluation model based on catastrophe progression method is constructed. The driving load is divided into four states: low load state, affordable state, chaotic state and high load state. It is found that most sections of mountain roads are in a low load and bearable state. In semi closed and closed environment, the driving load is in a chaotic state, which affects the driving safety. The evaluation model can be used to evaluate the traffic safety of road environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanopores, due to their advantages of being modifiable, controllability and sensitivity, have made a splash in recent years in the fields of biomolecular sequencing, small molecule detection, salt differential power generation, and biomimetic ion channels. In these applications, the role of chemical or biological modification is indispensable. Compared with small molecules, the modification of polymers is more difficult and the methods are more diverse. Choosing an appropriate modification method directly determines the success or failure of a research project; therefore, it is necessary to summarize polymer modification methods toward nanopores. In addition, it is also important to provide clear and convincing evidence that the nanopore modification is successful, the corresponding characterization methods are also indispensable. Therefore, this review will summarize the methods of polymer modification of nanopores and efficient characterization methods. We hope that this review will provide some reference value for like‐minded researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing a sustainable security model that carries multilevel information with numerous optical states will significantly enhance anti‐counterfeiting abilities to deter counterfeits, ranging from artworks, currencies, and foods to medicines, but is enormously challenging. Herein, ambient‐friendly, large‐area, quadruple‐level, and chiral luminescent materials are prepared by incorporating lanthanide complexes wrapped in poly(ethylene glycol) matrix into chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films through a co‐assembly strategy. Due to the regulation of the chiral nematic structures, the composite films enable full‐color structural colors and tunable fluorescence. Notably, the brightest fluorescent film radiates right‐handed circularly polarized luminescence with an asymmetric factor over −0.36, a lifetime up to 510 µs, and an absolute quantum yield up to 66.7%. More interestingly, a fascinating chiro‐optical behavior ranging from azure to khaki can be controlled by a polarizing filter at given 0° and 90° rotation angles. This anti‐counterfeiting system showcases the comprehensive properties of bright and responsive photoluminescence, quadruple and convertible color, and flexible and solvent‐resistant abilities. This CNC‐derived photonic material can act as the multimodal security label on a model banknote, which greatly facilitates its development for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human perception is inextricably linked to numerous ion channels, and sodium channel is one of the important ion channels. Sialic acid‐terminated glycan chains are commonly found on the surface of the sodium channel, which can induce the channel surface depolarization and thus contribute a regulation mechanism for the closing and opening (i.e., "ON" and "OFF") of the sodium channel. However, the development of artificial ion channel to achieve precise regulation remains a challenging task. In this work, taking advantage of the conformational change of smart polymer from a contracted state to a swollen one, a functional polymer‐modified ion nanochannel is demonstrated that shows the free sialic acid‐responsive "ON" to "OFF" regulation in ion flow through the nanochannel. Furthermore, the distinct recognition interactions of the polymer toward different sialic acids allow for the nanochannel to exhibit the highly selective and sensitive recognition of them. This work provides a biomimetic perspective to understand the regulation of biological ion channel, but also presents the application scenarios in the analysis of sialic acids and sialylated glycans, as well as the capture of metastatic tumor cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]