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Abstract Studies have shown that a series of molecular events caused by oxidative stress is associated with ferroptosis and oxidation after ischemic stroke (IS). Differential analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed mRNA (DEmRNAs) between IS and control groups. Critical module genes were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). DEmRNAs, critical module genes, oxidative stress-related genes (ORGs), and ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) were crossed to screen for intersection mRNAs. Candidate mRNAs were screened based on the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and the MCODE plug-in. Biomarkers were identified based on two types of machine learning algorithms, and the intersection was obtained. Functional items and related pathways of the biomarkers were identified using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Finally, single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) and Wilcoxon tests were used to identify differential immune cells. An miRNA-mRNA-TF network was created. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to verify the expression levels of biomarkers in the IS and control groups. There were 8287 DE mRNAs between the IS and control groups. The genes in the turquoise module were selected as critical module genes for IS. Thirty intersecting mRNAs were screened for overlaps. Seventeen candidate mRNAs were also identified. Four biomarkers (CDKN1A, GPX4, PRDX1, and PRDX6) were identified using two types of machine-learning algorithms. GSEA results indicated that the biomarkers were associated with steroid biosynthesis. Nine types of immune cells (activated B cells and neutrophils) were markedly different between the IS and control groups. We identified 3747 miRNA-mRNA-TF regulatory pairs in the miRNA-mRNA-TF regulatory network, including hsa-miR-4469-CDKN1A-BACH2 and hsa-miR-188-3p-GPX4-ATF2. CDKN1A, PRDX1, and PRDX6 were upregulated in IS samples compared with control samples. This study suggests that four biomarkers (CDKN1A, GPX4, PRDX1, and PRDX6) are significantly associated with IS. This study provides a new reference for the diagnosis and treatment of IS.

Abstract Background The existing literature indicates that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can potentially enhance the prognosis of poststroke aphasia (PSA). Nevertheless, these investigations did not identify the most effective parameters or settings for achieving optimal treatment outcomes. This study involved a meta-analysis aimed to identify the optimal variables for rTMS in treating post-infarction aphasia to guide the use of rTMS in rehabilitating PSA. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to May 2023, and articles were reviewed manually using subject words and free words and supplemented with references from the included literature to obtain additional relevant literature. The search terms included “poststroke aphasia” and “repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)” repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Additionally, a review of the reference lists of previously published systematic reviews identified through the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (search terms: poststroke aphasia, rTMS; restrictions: none) and PubMed (search terms: poststroke aphasia, rTMSs; restrictions: systematic review or meta-analysis) was performed. Information from studies involving different doses of rTMS in PSA was independently screened and extracted by 2 researchers. Results This meta-analysis included 387 participants with PSA across 18 randomized controlled trials. The results showed that the total pulse had a trend toward a significant correlation with the treatment effect (P = 0.088), while all other variables did not correlate significantly. When rTMS was not grouped by stimulus parameter and location, our nonlinear results showed that when the total pulses were 40,000 (standardized mean difference (SMD):1.86, 95% credible interval (CrI) 0.50 to 3.33), the pulse/session was 1000 (SMD:1.05, 95% CrI 0.55–1.57), and an RMT of 80% (SMD:1.08, 95% CrI 0.60–1.57) had the best treatment effect. When rTMS was grouped by stimulus parameters and location, our nonlinear results showed that when the total low-frequency (LF)-rTMS-right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG) pulse was 40,000 (SMD:1.76, 95% CrI:0.36–3.29), the pulse/session was 1000 (SMD:1.06, 95% CrI:0.54–1.59). Optimal results were obtained with an RMT of 80% (SMD:1.14, 95% CrI 0.54 − 1.76). Conclusions The optimal treatment effects of rTMS for PSA may be obtained with a total pulse of 40,000, a pulse/session of 1000, and an RMT of 80%. Further rigorous randomized controlled studies are required to substantiate the validity of these results.

It is not uncommon to see pipelines damaged by landslides. If the maximum strain that landslides exert on pipelines can be calculated from available survey data, then pipeline damage can be more accurately predicted and the safety of the pipeline can be improved. Furthermore, this information can assist targeted prevention and control measures, which should greatly reduce the risk that landslides pose to pipelines. However, although researchers have conducted considerable research on landslide-induced pipeline deformation, there is no model that can calculate the change in pipeline strain under the displacement of landslide material. Based on geological data collected from a buried crude oil pipeline damaged by a landslide near a city in southeast China, this work uses numerical simulations to obtain the deformation parameters of pipelines affected by landslides at different orientations and for different landslide and pipeline parameters. This work also summarizes the deformation characteristics of pipelines affected by landslides under these different variables. A model is then constructed and verified that simulates the change in pipeline strain with soil displacement while considering the characteristics of the landslide mass and the pipeline itself. The results show that the model can sufficiently reflect the influence of various factors that act on pipeline deformation and can accurately calculate the maximum strain that landslides exert on pipelines.

Insecticide resistance in Panonychus citri is a major obstacle to mite control in citrus orchards. Pyrethroid insecticides are continually used to control mites in China, although resistance to pyrethroids has evolved in some populations. Here, the resistance to the pyrethroid fenpropathrin was investigated and 7 out of 8 field‐collected populations of P. citri exhibited a high level of resistance, ranging from 171‐fold to 15 391‐fold higher than the susceptible (SS) comparison strain. Three voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC) mutations were identified in the tested populations: L1031V, F1747L, and F1751I. Amplicon sequencing was used to evaluate the frequency of these mutations in the 19 field populations. L1031V and F1751I were present in all populations at frequencies of 11.6%–82.1% and 0.5%–31.8%, respectively, whereas the F1747L mutation was only present in 12 populations from Chongqing, Sichuan, Guangxi, and Yunnan provinces. Introduction of these mutations singly or in combination into transgenic flies significantly increased their resistance to fenpropathrin and these flies also exhibited reduced mortality after exposure to the pyrethroids permethrin and β‐cypermethrin. Panonychus citri VGSC homology modeling and ligand docking indicate that F1747 and F1751 form direct binding contacts with pyrethroids, which are lost with mutation, whereas L1031 mutation may diminish pyrethroid effects through an allosteric mechanism. Overall, the results provide molecular markers for monitoring pest resistance to pyrethroids and offer new insights into the basis of pyrethroid actions on sodium channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explored the effects of curcumin on the aberrant biological behaviors of prolactinoma cells and the downstream pathways through which curcumin exerts its antitumor effects. We used quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction assays to measure miR‐206 expression levels in peripheral blood samples from patients with prolactinoma before and after curcumin treatment. We also investigated the proliferation level, viability, and invasion ability of groups of cells treated with different concentrations of curcumin using 3‐(4,5)‐dimethylthiahiazo (‐z‐y1)‐3‐di‐phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assays, cell cloning assays, and Transwell assays, respectively. Furthermore, we determined the levels of autophagy‐related proteins and protein kinase B/mammalian target of the rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) signaling pathway‐related proteins in each group of treated cells by western blot. Curcumin treatment upregulated miR‐206 expression levels in the peripheral blood of patients with prolactinoma and in GH3 cells. Knockdown of miR‐206 expression enhanced the proliferation and invasive ability of GH3 cells, while curcumin treatment effectively inhibited the aberrant biological behavior of GH3 cells enhanced by miR‐206 knockdown. miR‐206 knockdown also activated the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and inhibited autophagy in GH3 cells, and these changes were effectively reversed by curcumin treatment. Thus, curcumin inhibited the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and promoted cell autophagy by miR‐206 upregulation, resulting in antitumor effects that inhibited prolactinoma cell proliferation and invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese oxide-cerium oxide supported on titanate nanotubes (i.e., MnCe/TiNTs) were prepared and their catalytic activities towards NH3-SCR of NO were tested. The results indicated that the MnCe/TiNT catalyst can achieve a high NO removal efficiency above 95% within the temperature range of 150–350 °C. Even after exposure to a HCl-containing atmosphere for 2 h, the NO removal efficiency of the MnCe/TiNT catalyst maintains at approximately 90% at 150 °C. This is attributed to the large specific surface area as well as the unique hollow tubular structure of TiNTs that exposes more Ce atoms, which preferentially react with HCl and thus protect the active Mn atoms. Moreover, the abundant OH groups on TiNTs serve as Brønsted acid sites and provide H protons to expel Cl atom from the catalyst surface. The irreversible deactivation caused by HCl can be alleviated by H2O. That is because the dissociated adsorption of H2O on TiNTs forms additional OH groups and relieves HCl poisoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammodendron bifolium, a rare deciduous shrub, is the only species of Ammodendron (Fabaceae) in China, which distributes in Huocheng county, Xinjiang. This study employed high-throughput sequencing technology to assemble the complete chloroplast genome sequence of A. bifolium. The entire length of chloroplast genome is 154,426 bp. It comprises 128 genes, which include 85 protein-coding genes, 35 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The A. bifolium chloroplast genome has a GC content of 36.41%. Phylogenetic analysis strongly supported that A. bifolium is sister to the members of the Sophora genus. This study will provide the genetic information data for further phylogenetic studies of Ammodendron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effects of three different doses of dexmedetomidine in caudal blocks on postoperative stress and pain after pediatric urethroplasty.Methods: A total of 160 children who underwent elective urethroplasty were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into four groups: groups D1, D2, and D3, in which the patients were injected respectively with a mixed solution of 1, 1.5, or 2 μg kg−1 of dexmedetomidine and 0.25% ropivacaine into the sacral canal; and group R, in which the patients were injected with 0.25% ropivacaine into the sacral canal. Cortisol and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels within 24 h, the incidence of adverse events in the circulatory system during surgery, onset time of the caudal block, duration of postoperative analgesia, the incidence of agitation during recovery, and other anesthetic adverse reactions were observed and recorded.Results: Compared with group R, cortisol and IL-6 levels in groups D1, D2, and D3 decreased within 24 h after the operation (T2–T6). The incidence of intraoperative hypertension, tachycardia, and shivering during the recovery period decreased, the onset time of the caudal block decreased, and the duration of postoperative analgesia increased (p < 0.01). Compared with group D1, the duration of postoperative analgesia increased in groups D2 and D3 (p < 0.01). Compared with groups D1 and D2, the incidence of excessive sedation and bradycardia in group D3 increased (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The administration of 1.5 μg kg−1 of dexmedetomidine appears to be most feasible in accelerating the onset of the caudal block, reducing stress and inflammation, stabilizing the circulation, increasing the duration of postoperative analgesia, and reducing anesthesia- and operation-associated adverse events.

In this study, rose bengal‐derived carbon quantum dots (RB‐CQDs) was synthesized by a one‐step solvothermal method using rose bengal and 1,2‐phenylenediamine as precursors in ethanol at 180 °C for 10 h and purified by silica gel chromatography. The as‐synthesized RB‐CQDs disperses well in water with particle sizes ranging from 0.78 to 2.46 nm and exhibits excitation‐independent yellow fluorescent emission (529 nm), high quantum yield (44.3 %) and good biocompatibility. More importantly, the fluorescence of RB‐CQDs can be selectively quenched by Fe3+ ions with good linear correlation and the detection limit is 19.9 nM. The recoveries of this method in actual water samples are 90 % to 110 % with relative standard deviations less than 5 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In lung and prostate adenocarcinomas, neuroendocrine (NE) transformation to an aggressive derivative resembling small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is associated with poor prognosis. We previously described dependency of SCLC on the nuclear transporter exportin 1. Here, we explored the role of exportin 1 in NE transformation. We observed up-regulated exportin 1 in lung and prostate pretransformation adenocarcinomas. Exportin 1 was up-regulated after genetic inactivation of TP53 and RB1 in lung and prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines, accompanied by increased sensitivity to the exportin 1 inhibitor selinexor in vitro. Exportin 1 inhibition prevented NE transformation in different TP53/RB1-inactivated prostate adenocarcinoma xenograft models that acquire NE features upon treatment with the aromatase inhibitor enzalutamide and extended response to the EGFR inhibitor osimertinib in a lung cancer transformation patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model exhibiting combined adenocarcinoma/SCLC histology. Ectopic SOX2 expression restored the enzalutamide-promoted NE phenotype on adenocarcinoma-to-NE transformation xenograft models despite selinexor treatment. Selinexor sensitized NE-transformed lung and prostate small cell carcinoma PDXs to standard cytotoxics. Together, these data nominate exportin 1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic target to constrain lineage plasticity and prevent or treat NE transformation in lung and prostate adenocarcinoma. Editor's summary: Lung and prostate adenocarcinomas can undergo neuroendocrine (NE) transformation, which results in a more aggressive tumor and worst prognosis for patients. Here, Quintanal-Villalonga et al. explored the role of exportin 1 in this NE transformation and saw that it was elevated after inactivation of TP53 and RB1. This increase resulted in an increased sensitivity to an exportin 1 inhibitor, selinexor, which additionally sensitized NE-transformed mouse models to standard chemotherapy. This suggests exportin 1 as a potential therapeutic target to both prevent and treat NE-transformed lung and prostate adenocarcinomas that requires further study. —Dorothy Hallberg [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]