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53 results on '"Rémy Chapoulie"'

1. Ephemeral Orchil in the Lady and the Unicorn Tapestry: Recipe, Experimentation, and Characterisation

Author: Pauline Claisse, Charlotte Marembert, Francesca Galluzzi, Rémy Chapoulie, Mohamed Dallel, and Aurélie Mounier
Subjects: orchil, contactless and portable methods, light degradation, dyes, tapestry, Archaeology, CC1-960
Abstract: Spectroscopic techniques were carried out to identify the dyes used on the famous mediaeval Lady and the Unicorn tapestries kept in the Cluny Museum. Among the six tapestries, La Vue shows a colour variation between the front, which appears blue, and the back, which appears violet, on the Lady’s skirt. In the Middle Ages, it was common for the violet colour to be made with a blue dye bath (woad or indigo) followed by a red bath, which could be madder, cochineal, kermes, or orchil. Since orchil is known to be very unstable to light, its potential use in the original recipe was investigated and a study on this dye was performed. Contactless analyses (hyperspectral imaging in the visible-near-infrared range and UV fluorescence spectroscopy) were carried out on both the tapestry and mock-ups prepared following various mediaeval recipes. The investigation allowed for the identification of woad and orchil on the back of the tapestry, which was preserved from exposure to light. In addition, an ageing study elucidated colour degradation, revealing not only the different responses to light of different dyes but also the effect of specific dye preparations on light resistance. The experiments showed that the longer the maceration, the higher the light resistance of the dye. Furthermore, the red orchil colour fades faster than the woad.
Published: 2024
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2. Climate of a cave laboratory representative for rock art caves in the Vézère area (south-west France)

Author: Delphine Lacanette, Léna Bassel, Fabien Salmon, Jean-Christophe Portais, Bruno Bousquet, Rémy Chapoulie, Faten Ammari, Philippe Malaurent, and Catherine Ferrier
Subjects: climatic monitoring, cave, condensation tracking, thermal model, rock art preservation, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Leye Cave (Dordogne, France) is a laboratory cave in the Vézère area, a region that contains some of the most famous rock art caves in the world such as Lascaux, Font-de-Gaume and Combarelles, and is listed as Human World Heritage by UNESCO. Leye Cave was selected because it is representative of painted caves, with respect to parameters such as its geological stage, the presence of water and carbon dioxide, the geological state of its walls, and the size of the cave. These wall states are studied to better understand the conditions of conservation of rock art caves without damaging them. The choice of an equivalent medium, i.e., a non-painted cave, was made to be able to conduct experiments or take measurements that would not have been possible in a rock art cave. The climatic conditions (temperature, hygrometry, etc.) monitored since 2011 are central to our understanding of the genesis and evolution of wall states. Leye Cave is sub-horizontal then descendant, forming a cold air trap. The phenomenon of condensation is thought to be important in the genesis of these wall states. Our article presents a model which describes the competition that exists between the conduction of the rock heating the air and the convection cooling the rock, in the area named the “Throne Chamber”, located in the deepest parts of the cave.
Published: 2023
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3. Chemical and Laser Cleaning of Corrosion Encrustations on Historical Stained Glass: A Comparative Study

Author: Evan Maina Maingi, María P. Alonso, Luis A. Angurel, German F. de la Fuente, Stéphan Dubernet, Rémy Chapoulie, Oriane Mellouët, and Elodie Vally
Subjects: stained glass, laser cleaning, chemical cleaning, encrustations, conservation, Archaeology, CC1-960
Abstract: The aim of this research work was to conduct a comparative study on the effectiveness of the application of chemical cleaning versus laser cleaning in the removal of surface congruent dissolution products from a potash-lime–silica historical stained-glass sample. EDTA was selected as the chemical cleaning agent. Laser cleaning was performed using a 238 fs pulse UV (343 nm) laser. The comparative cleaning studies were carried out on a stained-glass piece supplied by the Maison Lorin Glass Restoration Workshop from Chartres, France. Given the complex nature, irregular thickness and heterogeneity of the encrustations found on the glass, the two cleaning approaches were carefully performed step by step, while monitoring the process using an optical microscope. Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the changes induced on the sample surface during the cleaning process. The results demonstrate that the two cleaning approaches were able to eliminate the outer surface dark layer associated with carbon compounds, as well as the external part of the white layer generated by the crystallization of salts, formed with the dissolved elements after a reaction with the air. A comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of each method is also presented.
Published: 2023
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4. Ultra-Short Pulse Laser Cleaning of Contaminated Pleistocene Bone: A Comprehensive Study on the Influence of Pulse Duration and Wavelength

Author: Md. Ashiqur Rahman, Germán F. de la Fuente, José Miguel Carretero, Mª Pilar Alonso Abad, Rodrigo Alonso Alcalde, Rémy Chapoulie, Nick Schiavon, and Luis A. Angurel
Subjects: femtosecond laser, sub-nanosecond laser, cleaning, pulse duration, wavelength, archaeological bone, Archaeology, CC1-960
Abstract: The impact of wavelength and pulse duration in laser cleaning of hard blackish contaminants crust from archaeologically significant Pleistocene bone is investigated in this research. The objective is to determine the practical cleaning procedures and identify adequate laser parameters for cleaning archaeological bone from Sima de los Huesos (Spain) based on conservation and restoration perspectives. Bone surface cleaning was performed utilizing two Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers: sub-nanosecond pulsed lasers with emission wavelengths at 355 nm and 1064 nm, respectively, and a Yb:KGW femtosecond pulsed laser with an emission wavelength in the third harmonic at 343 nm. In all experiments, the laser beam scanning mode was applied to measure cleaning efficiency in removing contaminants and degradation products while assessing the underlying substrate surface damage. Several properties, including wavelength-dependent absorption, pulse repetition rate, and thermal properties of the material, are analyzed when evaluating the ability of these lasers to boost the cleaning efficiency of the deteriorated bone surface. Bone surface morphology and composition were studied and compared before and after laser irradiation, using Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM-EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) characterization methods. The results indicate that 238-femtosecond UV laser irradiation with 2.37 TWcm−2 is significantly safer and more efficient toward surface contaminant desorption than sub-nanosecond laser irradiation. The results herein presented suggest that these types of fs lasers may be considered for realistic laser conservation of valuable historic and archaeological museum artifacts.
Published: 2023
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5. Le rôle paradoxal de l’eau à Lalibela (Ethiopie) : Enjeux et méthodes pour la conservation d’un affleurement naturel anthropisé

Author: Rémy Chapoulie, Romain Mensan, Loïc Espinasse, Pascal Mora, François Daniel, Emma Lamothe-Dubrocca, Bruno Dutailly, Caroline Delevoie, Vincent Baillet, Kidane Ayalew, and Marie-Laure Derat
Subjects: Lalibela, eau, Conservation, Technologies 3D, Architecture, NA1-9428, Archaeology, CC1-960
Abstract: The site of Lalibela is the result of Tertiary volcanic activity which led to the formation of a vast outcrop of basaltic slag from which churches were carved. This reddish rock which is particularly suitable for carving, is extremely interactive with water. It was beneficial for the impressive excavation phases, but is now problematic for conservation purposes. Digging meant either the penetration of water into the massif and its erosion, but also the protection of the monuments from water stagnation. This is a very paradoxical situation in which water plays an alternately positive and negative role. Due to its sacred dimension, any intervention on the rock must be discussed and validated by the community. 3D technologies were used to carry out an assessment of the state of the site, to create a virtual 3D model that can be accessed and consulted remotely by all the specialists faced to the conservation problem; to trace the historical evolution of the site.
Published: 2023
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6. Sub-ns-pulsed laser cleaning of an archaeological bone from the Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain: a case study

Author: Md. Ashiqur Rahman, German F. de la Fuente, José Miguel Carretero, Evan Maina Maingi, Mª Pilar Alonso Abad, Rodrigo Alonso Alcalde, Rémy Chapoulie, Nick Schiavon, and Luis A. Angurel
Subjects: Sub-ns laser, Cleaning, Archaeological bone, Sierra de Atapuerca, Cultural Heritage, Science, Technology
Abstract: Abstract Controlled laser irradiation parameters using recently developed sub-nanosecond pulsed laser technology with emission wavelength in the near Infrared regime (1064 nm) have been assessed on a Pleistocene bone from the archaeological site of Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. Burst pulse mode was employed to explore contaminant removal efficiency, while at the same time, assessing the degree of damage produced to the underlying original substrate surface. The surface morphology and composition of the deteriorated bone have been characterized, along with the effects of laser irradiation at 1064 nm, using Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy–with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM–EDS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The most effective laser cleaning parameters in burst mode have been identified in order to optimize the emission parameters of the laser, thus localizing its interaction within the outermost layers of contaminants and degradation products, avoiding damage to the underlying original bone surface. Hence, threshold cleaning and substrate damage values have been determined for this new sub-ns laser, paving the way to safer laser cleaning procedures that may be useful for the effective conservation of bone archaeological artifacts.
Published: 2021
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7. Historical stained-glass window laser preservation: The heat accumulation challenge

Author: Evan Maina Maingi, María Pilar Alonso, Luis Alberto Angurel, Md Ashiqur Rahman, Rémy Chapoulie, Stéphan Dubernet, and Germán Francisco de la Fuente
Subjects: Conservación, Patrimonio cultural, Vidrieras, Acumulación de calor, Láseres de pulsos ultracortos, Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass, TP785-869
Abstract: Stained-glass windows form an important part of cultural heritage. Short pulse lasers open new opportunities for safe decontamination. In this work, and for the first time, the interaction of sub-nanosecond and femtosecond pulsed lasers with some contemporary stained-glasses has been analyzed exploring their applicability to safely clean stained-glass windows. The results show that, in these materials, damage can be induced using energy levels below damage thresholds due to the heat accumulation in the coating layer that is being eliminated. The latter generates significant thermal stresses on the glass volume, which induce crack formation. In consequence, in order to apply safe stained-glass cleaning protocols, laser parameters have to be selected to control the temperature increase within this layer. To achieve the latter goal, two alternative irradiation procedures were explored in this work. As a first option, a reduction of the effective pulse repetition frequency to values lower than 20 kHz was applied. A second alternative was used for lasers with pulse repetition rates in the hundreds of kHz. In this case, the burst mode was employed controlling the number of pulses emitted and combined with an adequate time lapse selection between two consecutive burst runs. A proof of concept demonstration was carried out on a stained-glass sample from the Cathedral of Cuenca, dated at the end of the XV century. Resumen: Las vidrieras constituyen un elemento esencial de nuestro patrimonio cultural. Los láseres de pulsos ultracortos ofrecen nuevas oportunidades para desarrollar procesos de restauración seguros. En este trabajo, por primera vez, se estudia la interacción de láseres pulsados emitiendo pulsos en el rango de los subnanosegundos y femtosegundos con piezas de vidrieras contemporáneas, con el fin de explorar la posibilidad de desarrollar procesos seguros de restauración de vidrieras. Los resultados muestran que, en estos materiales, incluso trabajando con niveles de energía por debajo de los umbrales de daño, se puede generar deterioro por la acumulación de calor generada en la capa que se está eliminando, lo cual puede generar niveles de tensiones térmicas que provocan la ruptura del vidrio. Por tanto, para desarrollar protocolos de limpieza seguros, los parámetros de procesado deben escogerse de tal manera que se minimice la temperatura que se alcanza en esta capa. Se han explorado dos alternativas. Una es reducir la frecuencia de trabajo hasta valores por debajo de los 20 kHz. En el caso de láseres que trabajen a frecuencias más elevadas, la alternativa es trabajar en modo burst, limitando el número de pulsos en cada serie y estableciendo tiempos de espera entre dos series. Estas ideas se han aplicado sobre una pieza de vidriera de la Catedral de Cuenca de finales del siglo XV.
Published: 2022
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8. Diagnostic de la fluorose dans la population romaine de Cumes (Italie, IIe siècle av. J.-C. – Ier siècle apr. J.-C.) à partir d’une approche multidisciplinaire archéométrique et paléopathologique appliquée aux restes humains brûlés

Author: Eliza Orellana-González, Pricilla Munzi, Jean-Pierre Brun, Stephan Dubernet, Yannick Lefrais, Sascha Kacki, Henri Duday, Rémy Chapoulie, and Dominique Castex
Subjects: History of Civilization, CB3-482
Published: 2020
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9. Caractérisation physico-chimique de pigments de peintures murales mochica : San José de Moro (viiie-xe siècles apr. J.-C.)

Author: Nicola Sardos, Nino Del-Solar-Velarde, Rémy Chapoulie, and Luis Jaime Castillo Butters
Subjects: Mochica, Peru, pigments, mural painting, Inca, pre-Columbian art, History of Civilization, CB3-482
Abstract: To the pre-Columbian Mochica culture, a culture that did not develop through writing, mural painting is a strong ideological vector that involves the implementers of those decorations and specialized craftsmen, as well as their sponsors, members of the ruling elite. Archaeometry allows us to answer questions regarding the pictorial technologies that were employed and to bring about pieces of information on the craftsmen who designed those decorations. A corpus of twelve samples of mural paintings has been analyzed in this study. They are from the ceremonial center of cultural and technological exchanges of San José de Moro (Mochica site of the Jequetepeque Valley), dated from the 8th to the 10th century (AD), where remains of mural paintings were uncovered in the alcoves of an elite entombment and on the interior walls of a huaca (Huaca La Capilla), a pyramidal building associated to worshipping. Analyses by SEM-EDS, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were conducted on the samples, completing the analyses by portable X-ray fluorescence made in situ. The results obtained allowed us to chart part of the chaîne opératoire and to bring about pieces of information on ancient pre-Columbian craftsmen and their role in Mochica society.
Published: 2017
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10. Chronologie mochica : une nouvelle synthèse

Author: Nino Del Solar, Rémy Chapoulie, and Luis Jaime Castillo
Subjects: Archaeology, Mochica, pre-Columbian, 14C dating, Peru, ceramic, History of Civilization, CB3-482
Abstract: One of the issues in archaeological sciences is the establishment of chronological sequences in areas of human occupation. The main objective in this context is the reconstruction of the cultural diachronic processes connected to the emergence, the evolution, and the vanishing of the material cultures connected to human societies in specific environments. Concerning the Mochica (2th-10th century, north coast of Peru), recent archaeological research is pursued in order to explain such processes. In this article, we propose a revision and a synthesis of the given information on the relative chronology of this culture. Moreover, we present an inventory of Mochica 14C dates obtained during the last forty years. Thus the goal here is to reassess the temporal and stylistical data accepted by the archaeological community.
Published: 2015
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11. Analyse préliminaire et discussion sur la nature d’un dépôt dentaire très particulier

Author: Yves Gleize, Dominique Castex, Rémy Chapoulie, and Henri Duday
Subjects: SEM, dental deposit, calcification, tartar, taphonomy, Middle Ages, History of Civilization, CB3-482
Abstract: An unusual dental deposit characterizes a skeleton from the excavation of the medieval graveyard at Clarensac (Gard, France). Its large size led us to investigate its origin, but the results of macroscopic examination alone are inconclusive. It could be either a biological formation such as tartar or a taphonomic process. To further our investigation, we carried out an analysis of the atomic composition of the deposit using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This revealed the presence of atoms which are constituents of the inorganic portion of tartar. However, a post mortem calcification on a tartar deposit which was already present cannot be excluded. The existence of another example in the anthropological series studied, although smaller, indicates the importance of the loss of antagonist teeth in the development of such deposits.
Published: 2005
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12. The Ychsma ceramic provenance from Armatambo, 1250 – 1532 CE (Lima, Peru). A local or imported production?

Author: Dante Pareja, Javier Iñañez, Ayed Ben Amara, Luisa Díaz, Gorka Arana, and Rémy Chapoulie
Subjects: Archeology
Abstract: The Ychsma society was one of the most important civilizations developed between 900 and 1532 CE in Lima, the present Peruvian capital, situated on the central coast of Peru. The Ychsma territory included the lower basin of the Rímac and Lurín valleys in the current city of Lima (Peru). Around 1470 CE, the Ychsma region was conquered and placed under the control of the Inca Empire, which ruled the region until the Spanish conquest in 1532 CE. Despite this, the Inca rule allowed local elites to maintain their position and control of the population. The archaeological site of Armatambo was an important administrative center of the Ychsma society. This site was actively occupied during the Middle Ychsma (1250–1350 CE) and Late Ychsma (1350–1532 CE) phases, and as the capital of the Sullco Curacazgo controlled a large part of the lower Rímac valley. During excavations at this site, many materials associated with ceramic production were found. One aspect crucial to the study of ceramic materials is the reconstruction of ceramic production and distribution networks, which allows us to obtain information linked to the social and economic interaction between communities. To determine the local or non-local origin of the materials found at Armatambo, 61 samples were analyzed using ICP-MS, Petrography, and SEM. The results were compared with archaeological and geological data from the Rímac valley to determine whether or not production there was local or non-local and to identify possible sources of raw materials. The authors would like to acknowledge the funding granted by IDEX-Bordeaux which allowed the realization of the doctoral project. The funding of the Euroregion Nouvelle-Aquitaine/Euskadi-Navarra for the mobility funding (Dossier n°60161). Javier G. Iñañez thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for a Ramon y Cajal contract (RYC-2014-16835).
Published: 2023

13. UV femtosecond laser cleaning of encrusted historical stained-glasses

Author: Evan Maina Maingi, María Pilar Alonso Abad, Germán F. de la Fuente, Stéphan Dubernet, Yannick Lefrais, Rémy Chapoulie, Elodie Vally, and Luis A. Angurel
Subjects: Ultra-short pulse lasers, Archeology, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Laser cleaning, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Cultural heritage, Conservation, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Spectroscopy, Stained-glass
Abstract: Laser irradiation enables the removal of unwanted surface deposits from different materials in a safe and controllable manner. Laser parameters should be carefully selected to achieve the removal of the target contaminants without inducing damage to the substrate. Ultra-short pulse lasers have opened new opportunities for safe and controlled decontamination of cultural heritage materials because the thickness of material that is affected by the laser is limited. In this study, an ultraviolet femtosecond pulsed laser was used for the removal of unwanted encrustation formed on the surface of an historical colourless stained-glass sample from the Cuenca Cathedral in Spain. One of the sides of this glass exhibits a reddish-brown grisaille that also has to be preserved. A laser cleaning process has been designed to avoid heat accumulation while controlling the thickness of ablated material. In this context, a multi-step process was selected in order to be able to eliminate, in a controlled way, the crust layer without damaging the grisaille layer, or the glass substrate. In this case, laser irradiation in beam scanning mode with a pulse repetition frequency of 10kHz proved to be effective for the safe cleaning of the glass. The latter was analysed before and after laser cleaning by optical and confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy, confirming that the crust layer was effectively eliminated without damaging the surface.
Published: 2023

14. What Lies Beyond Sight? Applications of Ultraportable Hyperspectral Imaging (VIS-NIR) for Archaeological Fieldwork

Author: Claudia Sciuto, Federico Cantini, Rémy Chapoulie, Corentin Cou, Hortense De la Codre, Gabriele Gattiglia, Xavier Granier, Aurélie Mounier, Vincenzo Palleschi, Germana Sorrentino, Simona Raneri, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Archéosciences Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L'information visuelle et textuelle en histoire de l'art : nouveaux terrains, corpus, outils (InVisu), INHA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Melting the frontiers between Light, Shape and Matter (MANAO), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Pisa] (CNR PISA), and CNRS 80 Prime - Smart 3D
Subjects: Archeology, near-infrared spectroscopy, multivariate image analysis, nearinfrared spectroscopy, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, in situ archaeometry, acquisition setup, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; This paper discusses the use of a small ultraportable hyperspectral camera in the VIS-NIR (Visible-Near Infrared) range for archaeological fieldwork and its hardware, data processing workflows, and spectral information that can be used for in situ screening. Hyperspectral imaging is a widespread, non-destructive analytical technique used in various disciplines for highlighting invisible patterns and mapping the spectral signatures of selected targets. In archaeology, it has mostly been applied for remote sensing satellite imagery to uncover information about features that are hidden underground. Targeted applications of hyperspectral imaging have been developed in the last few years, opening new perspectives for material analysis based on spectral mapping. Recent advances in portable instrumentation have led to the development of small and rugged cameras that can be used directly in the field for investigating different materials.
Published: 2022
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15. Archaeometric Characterization of the Industrial Production of Porcelains in the Vieillard & Co. Manufactory (Bordeaux, France, 19th Century)

Author: Amara, Emmie Beauvoit, Nadia Cantin, Quentin Lemasson, Rémy Chapoulie, and Ayed Ben
Subjects: porcelain, 19th century, Vieillard & Co. manufactory, SEM-EDS, PIXE-PIGE, XRD
Abstract: In this paper, we focus on the industrial production of porcelain in the Bordeaux area (France) in the 19th century. Our main objective is to assess the evolution of production technology of the same manufactory over a period of more than 40 years. A multi-analytical approach was used to investigate glazes and bodies of thirty-four sherds of biscuit and porcelain found in an archaeological context. The microstructural, chemical, and mineralogical characterization was performed using a combination of scanning electron microscopy, coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), particles induced X-ray and gamma emission (PIXE-PIGE), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results obtained on the characterization of the ceramic production technologies and on the chemical modification over time contributes to investigate this industrial production, which is not well documented by the written archives. The examination of the biscuits, rare artifacts, showed that the porcelain bodies were produced by mixing kaolinitic clays, quartz, and potassium feldspars. The mineralogical analysis of the ceramic supports allowed hypotheses to be put forward on the temperatures of the biscuit firing (around 950 °C) and the second firing (over 1200 °C). Furthermore, the treatment of the compositional data, including both glazes and bodies, using multivariate statistical analysis, revealed different types of production corresponding to the different chronological periods of production at Bordeaux throughout the 19th century. These results will enable us to consider the possibility of authenticating non-stamped and undecorated pieces.
Published: 2022
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16. Application of ultra-short pulse lasers in the conservation of historical stained-glass windows

Author: Evan Maina Maingi, María Pilar Alonso Abad, Germán Francisco de la Fuente, Rémy Chapoulie, Stéphan Dubernet, Elodie Vally, and Luis Alberto Angurel
Subjects: Heat accumulation, Conservation, Ultra-short pulsed laser, Stained-glass
Abstract: This research work was presented at the: LVIII Congress of the Spanish Society of Ceramics and Glass – Madrid, Spain May 3-6, 2022. Ps and fs lasers wereused to understand the response of stained-glasses to the radiation, analyzing the different levels of damage that the laser can induce on the glass sample (chemical, mechanical or thermal) depending on the laser wavelength. In addition, the adequate selection of the laser parameters that can limit the maximum temperature reached on the glass surface due to heat accumulation, avoiding crack generation due to thermal stresses created during laser cleaning was presented.
Published: 2022
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17. The paradoxical role of water in Lalibela (Ethiopia): Issues and methods for the conservation of an anthropized natural outcrop

Author: Rémy Chapoulie, Romain Mensan, Loïc Espinasse, Pascal Mora, François Daniel, Emma Lamothe-Dubrocca, Bruno Dutailly, Caroline Delevoie, Vincent Baillet, Kidanemariam Ayalew, Marie-Laure Derat, and Chapoulie, Rémy
Subjects: LALIBELA, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.MUSEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, CONSERVATION, [SHS.STAT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, WATER, 3D TECHNOLOGIES, [PHYS.COND] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], [PHYS] Physics [physics]
Published: 2022

18. Mineralogical transformations due to salt whitening agent in modern Hebron ceramics

Author: Laura Teodorescu, Nadia Cantin, Ayed Ben Amara, Rémy Chapoulie, Valentine Roux, Roux, Valentine, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pitesti, Technologie et Ethnologie des Mondes Préhistoriques (TEMPS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Archeology, [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, XRD, Petrography, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Hebron Salt, Firing process, 0201 civil engineering, NaCl Whitening, SEM-EDX, Colorimetry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of NaCl on the colours and chemical composition of Carich ceramic bodies. The addition of salt to ceramics is a practice that has been observed in several potter communities where the addition of salt is explicitly intended to whiten ceramics. In order to conduct this research and characterize the physico-chemical properties induced by the presence of salt, raw clay material and pot sherds were collected from the modern production at Hebron. Experimental bricks were made using two clayed sediments: one with a low CaO content (
Published: 2022
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19. Characterization of Archaeological Artefacts Using Methods Specific to Materials Science: The Case Study of Dacian Ceramics from 2nd c. BC to 1st c. AD

Author: Marioara Abrudeanu, Carol Terteci, Sorin Ciuca, Laura Teodorescu, Nadia Cantin, Catalin Ducu, Ayed Ben Amara, Claudiu Tulugea, and Rémy Chapoulie
Subjects: Technology, Materials science, materials science, XRD, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, 020101 civil engineering, Cathodoluminescence, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, Article, 0201 civil engineering, petrography, Petrography, 0601 history and archaeology, General Materials Science, Quartz, Microscopy, QC120-168.85, Mineral, 060102 archaeology, Muscovite, QH201-278.5, cathodoluminescence, 06 humanities and the arts, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Archaeology, TK1-9971, SEM–EDX, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, Granulometry, engineering, Dacian archaeological ceramic, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TA1-2040, mineralogy, Biotite
Abstract: Combined analysis methods such as optical microscopy (OM), cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM–EDX) have made it possible to obtain the first physico-chemical data of Dacian potsherds, exhumed at the archeological site of Ocnița-Buridava, Romania, the samples were provided by the “Aurelian Sacerdoțeanu” County Museum Vâlcea, dating from the 2nd century BC to the 1st century AD. The mineralogical and petrographic analyses revealed two types of ceramic pastes, taking into account the granulometry of the inclusions and highlighting the choice of the potter for fabricating the ceramic either by wheel or by hand. All samples showed an abundance in quartz, mica (muscovite and biotite), and feldspars. These observations were confirmed by cathodoluminescence imagery, revealing heterogeneous pastes with varied granulometric distributions. The XRD patterns indicated the presence of the mineral phases, indicating a firing temperature below 900 °C. The wheel-made ceramics have a fine, compact matrix with very fine inclusions (&lt, 40 µm). On the other hand, the hand-made ceramics present a coarse matrix, with inclusions whose granulometry reaches approximately 2 mm. The difference between these two types of ceramics is also confirmed by the mineralogical and chemical analysis. The wheel-made potsherds are more abundant in MgO, Al2O3, and CaO contents.
Published: 2021

20. Revealing the colours of ukiyo-e prints by short wave infrared range hyperspectral imaging (SWIR)

Author: Rémy Chapoulie, Carole Biron, Gwénaëlle Le Bourdon, Laurent Servant, Floréal Daniel, Aurélie Mounier, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)
Subjects: Prussian blue, media_common.quotation_subject, 010401 analytical chemistry, Hyperspectral imaging, 02 engineering and technology, Art, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, 01 natural sciences, Indigo, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Palette (painting), chemistry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Visible range, Short wave infrared, 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Remote sensing, media_common, Hue
Abstract: Japanese woodblock prints, also known as ukiyo-e prints, were mainly produced during the 18th and the 19th centuries. Japanese printers, colours-skilled craftsmen, used a palette composed of traditional pigments (indigo, red safflower or orpiment for instance). This palette was enriched during the 19th century with new pigments such as Prussian blue or, later, with aniline red and violet. Ukiyo-e generally display a vivid and varied hues of colours, obtained from pure colourants or mixtures of pigments. In order to reveal the colouring materials used by Japanese printers, hyperspectral imaging, in both visible and near-infrared ranges (400–1000 nm and 1000–2500 nm) was performed on a triptych designed by Kunisada/Tokugawa III, edited in 1855. This print, composed of three distinct panels, offers a dozen hues from light red to a deep violet. The aim of this work is to assess the information obtained by the hyperspectral camera in the near-infrared range and reinforce data acquired in the visible range. Indeed, the visible spectra are generally useful for the identification of pure colours but are less relevant in the case of mixtures or for some pigments, as for example Prussian blue. Usually used for the identification of binders, near-infrared spectra are also of interest for the colours and may be useful to support and complete hyperspectral data in the visible range, such as Prussian blue mapping.
Published: 2020
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21. CATHODOLUMINESCENCE AND LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE OF CALCIUM CARBONATE: A REVIEW OF SCREENING METHODS FOR RADIOCARBON DATING OF ANCIENT LIME MORTARS

Author: Giulia Ricci, Michael B. Toffolo, Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri, Rémy Chapoulie, Luisa Caneve, Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Toffolo, M. B., Ricci, G., Chapoulie, R., Caneve, L., and Kaplan-Ashiri, I.
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Materials science, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Cathodoluminescence, engineering.material, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Screening method, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 0601 history and archaeology, calcium carbonate, Radiocarbon dating, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Laser-induced fluorescence, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Lime, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, 060102 archaeology, cathodoluminescence, fluorescence, mortar, plaster, 06 humanities and the arts, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 3. Good health, Calcium carbonate, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Mortar, Carbon, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: Accurate radiocarbon (14C) dating of lime mortars requires a thorough mineralogical characterization of binders in order to verify the presence of carbon-bearing contaminants. In the last 20 years, cathodoluminescence (CL) has been widely used for the identification of geologic calcium carbonate (CaCO3) aggregates and unreacted lime lumps within the particle size fraction selected for carbon recovery. These components are major sources of older and younger carbon, respectively, and should be removed to obtain accurate age determinations. More recently, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) has provided another means of investigating the preservation state and composition of CaCO3 binders. Considered the growing interest of the mortar dating community in the latest advancements of these analytical methods, here we review the principles of CL and LIF of CaCO3, their instrument setup, and their application to the characterization of ancient lime mortars used for 14C dating. In addition, we provide examples of SEM-CL and LIF analyses using high-resolution instrumentation, we discuss current issues and propose future lines of research.
Published: 2020
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22. The production of lead glazed tablewares in late medieval Italy and their exportation to Latin Greece: New considerations on 14th-century contexts from Corinth, Peloponnese

Author: Florence Liard, Guy Sanders, Ayed Ben Amara, Bernard Gratuze, Stéphan Dubernet, Rémy Chapoulie, Evangelia Kiriatzi, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), American School of Classical Studies at Athens, IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon (IRAMAT-CEB), Université Bordeaux Montaigne, CNRS Archéovision, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British School at Athens, Univ Barcelone, and Chapoulie, Rémy
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.MUSEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SHS.STAT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, [PHYS.COND] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS] Physics [physics]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

23. Inside an industrial manufactory of ceramic: recipes evolution and production strategies

Author: Beauvoit, E., Nadia Cantin, Bouquillon, A., Pacheco, C., Lemasson, Q., Pichon, L., Moignard, B., Nicolas Tessier-Doyen, Agnès Smith, Rémy Chapoulie, Ayed Ben Amara, IRCER - Axe 1 : procédés céramiques (IRCER-AXE1), Institut de Recherche sur les CERamiques (IRCER), Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and DERORY, BEATRICE
Subjects: [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

24. Industrial production of white earthenware in the Johnston-Vieillard manufactory (19th century): recipes evolution and production strategies

Author: Emmie Beauvoit, Nadia Cantin, Quentin Lemasson, Claire Pacheco, Laurent Pichon, Brice Moignard, Nicolas Tessier-Doyen, Agnès Smith, Rémy Chapoulie, Ayed Ben Amara, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), IRCER - Axe 1 : procédés céramiques (IRCER-AXE1), Institut de Recherche sur les CERamiques (IRCER), Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and BEN AMARA, Ayed
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this paper is to present research conducted on the ceramic productions of a French ceramic manufactory in Bordeaux. The Johnston-Vieillard manufactory produced, between 1845 and 1895, a special type of ceramic called “white earthenware”. Although general documents remain (such as ceramic treatises, World Exhibition's catalogues, lawsuits, correspondences), factory archives (that were either lost or destroyed) are severely lacking in order to document the production techniques (choice of raw materials, recipes, firing conditions, division of labor and life in the manufactory, …). Recently, a lot of pieces and remains of white earthenware (wasted materials and elements used at the different stages of the chaîne opératoire) were discovered during an excavation performed in the ancient factory area. In the present study, we focused specifically on the modifications over time of white earthenware production.We examined six groups of sherds representative of different production periods of the factory. These sherds came from the available and abundant wastes found during the excavation located in the ancient waste dumps of the manufactory. A total of 150 fragments – 70 biscuits and 80 glazed white earthenwares – were selected for analysis. As a matter of fact, composition of bodies and glazes were investigated using a combination of analytical techniques that included Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Particle Induced X-Ray and Gamma Emission (PIXE-PIGE) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD).Analyses showed significant differences on chemical composition of glazes and bodies during the different stages of the factory life. Thus, it is possible to make assumptions concerning the recipes used for paste and glaze during the different chronological periods. Of course, these recipes are compared to those available in the literature of the 19th century. Finally, hypothesis about adaptability of the glaze to the paste are discussed. The correlation between the modifications of glazes and bodies composition with the variations of the coefficient of thermal expansion.The aim of this work is to contribute to document an industrial production of white earthenware throughout the 19th century. Results obtained on the characterization of the ceramic production technologies and on the modification over time of the recipes (glazes and bodies) will be presented.
Published: 2019

25. Un SIG 3D pour l’exploitation de données archéométriques hétérogènes. Application aux grottes ornées

Author: Léna Bassel, Bruno Dutailly, Delphine Lacanette-Puyo, Rémy Chapoulie, Pascal Mora, Feruglio Valerie, Bruno Bousquet, Ferrier Catherine, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), CNRS Archéovision, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Archéotransfert Archéovision, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Univ Montréal, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archeovision CNRS, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

26. Advanced statistical analysis of LIBS spectra for the sourcing of obsidian samples

Author: Marie Orange, Bruno Bousquet, François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec, Delphine Syvilay, Rémy Chapoulie, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of New England (UNE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: education.field_of_study, Data processing, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 010401 analytical chemistry, Population, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Volcanic glass, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Mediterranean area, Statistical analysis, education, Spectroscopy, Geology, Conchoidal fracture, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: International audience; Numerous prehistoric populations around the world have made intensive use of the conchoidal properties of obsidian, a volcanic glass, to make tools and weapons. For archaeologists, knowing the geological origin of these artifacts is vital to reconstruct population movements and interactions. In this paper, we discuss the results obtained by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy [LIBS] on a corpus of 228 geological obsidian samples from the Western Mediterranean area. For the purposes of this study LIBS was undertaken in a laboratory setting. However, handheld LIBS should one day allow an extension of this work directly on site, on archaeological excavations or in a museum setting. The LIBS spectra are analyzed through the supervised multivariate approach called Quadratic Discriminant Analysis [QDA]. The methodology of this advanced data processing approach is detailed and the ability of the resulting model to sort the samples is assessed thanks to several figures of merit. The results obtained for the set of obsidian samples considered in the present study reveal that LIBS data treated by QDA is an efficient approach for answering the question of sourcing in this particular case-study. The same model can be applied to archeological samples from the same geographical area. More generally, the methodology presented here can be considered as a general guideline for any other LIBS-based sorting purposes.
Published: 2019
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27. A multianalytical approach for the study of colored glaze decoration: the case study of Vieillard & Cie Manufactory (France, 19th century)

Author: Emmie Beauvoit, Nadia Cantin, Sireix Christophe, Valérie Marache, Rémy Chapoulie, Ayed Ben Amara, BEN AMARA, Ayed, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), and Service archéologique Bordeaux Métropole
Subjects: SEM-EDS, LIBS, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, hyperspectral imaging, 19th century, [SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, colored glaze, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: International audience; During the second half of the 19th century, fabrication of ceramic pieces decorated with relief glazes occupied a prominent place in French factories of white earthenware. It is through the example of the production of the Vieillard and Cie Manufactory (Bordeaux, France, 19th century) that we will approach the technical study of this decoration process. The purpose of this paper is to better understand the production specificities of this decorative technique. A second part of the presentation concerns the development of optical techniques based on reflectance spectra and hyperspectral imaging. These non-invasive methods are intended to characterize colored glaze and more specifically, to identify the types of pigments used. A corpus of some fragments of glazed earthenware from archaeological excavations, that took place in the waste dumps of the Vieillard and Cie manufactory, has been studied here. Multianalytical methods were carried out in order to characterize both the clay support and the colored glazes. The methodology implemented consists in combining a thorough study of the sherds by destructive analyses with non-invasive techniques (SEM-EDS, Raman microspectrometry, LIBS, hyperspectral imaging). All the data obtained made it possible to better understand the nature of the decoration chromogens and thus, to establish the color palette of the artists who produced this type of decorative objects. Therefore, the aim is to build a database established on hyperspectral imaging, which will then be used when studying objects that must not be sampled. This work is a preliminary step towards the non-invasive study of objects from museums and private collections.
Published: 2019

28. Variability and sampling strategy of cave wall concretion: Case study of the moonmilk found in Leye Cave (Dordogne)

Author: Rémy Chapoulie, Bruno Bousquet, Catherine Ferrier, Léna Bassel, Guilhem Mauran, Delphine Lacanette, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Archeology, History, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Calcite, Sampling (statistics), [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, Moonmilk, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Sampling strategy, Cave Art, Cave, Cave art, Concretion, SEM, engineering, Vézère Valley, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Cave Art is a fragile testimony of past humans societies and the development of modern behaviours. In limestone caves, moonmilk commonly endanger the artworks. It is a calcite-deposit known to present a large variability of chemical composition and morphological structures, hosting numerous microbial communities. The possibility to characterize this deposit on the field would help to get a better understanding of the cave behaviour and set up proper conservation measures. The present study analyses the variability of a moonmilk strip of metric size in the Leye Cave. This cave located in the Vézère valley (Dordogne, France) is not ornate, and has been selected to become a laboratory cave in which in-situ observations and micro-sampling can be carried out, before performing them into cavities hosting parietal artworks. SEM observations of twenty-four samples allowed investigating, for the first time, the variability of the moonmilk deposit over a same wall of few meters dimension. Our observations highlight low variability of moonmilk at the microscopic scale regarding the chemical composition and the morphological structures despite significant macroscopic diversity, thus providing insights to optimize the sampling strategy of moonmilk in ornate caves.
Published: 2019
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29. Characterisation of organic colourants in ukiyo-e prints by Fourier transform near infrared fibre optics reflectance spectroscopy

Author: G. Le Bourdon, Floréal Daniel, Laurent Servant, Carole Biron, Rémy Chapoulie, Biron, Carole, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), and Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Spectrometer, 010401 analytical chemistry, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Hyperspectral imaging, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, symbols.namesake, Fourier transform, [SHS.MUSEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, 11. Sustainability, Principal component analysis, symbols, Specular reflection, 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy, Smoothing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Remote sensing, Mathematics
Abstract: Author Summary: The materials used in Japanese woodblock prints called ukiyo-e, particularly colouring matters, function as indicators on the resources available at a given time and allow us to deepen our knowledge of the cultural purposes and the socio-economic (trading activity, import of new techniques…) impacts of these artworks. The aim of this work is to apply non-invasive near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy which may be helpful for the identification of organic colourings widely employed in ukiyo-e, using fibre optics such as the Fibre Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy (FT-NIR FORS), that has been applied to the cultural heritage field for two decades because of its fast response time in any geometrical configuration. The present work reports results obtained on five organic pigments (indigo, safflower, gamboge, dragon’s blood and cochineal), considered as the first step for the building of a database dedicated to specific Japanese colouring matters in order to interpret future hyperspectral data recorded in the Short Wave InfraRed (SWIR) range on a collection of Japanese ukiyo-e prints. The data were obtained with a FT-NIR spectrometer using a probe to collect the specular reflection within the 11,000–4000 cm–1 range, transformed in pseudo-absorbance with log(1/R) conversion. Because large bands were observed, originating in overtone and combination modes, a pre-processing smoothing and derivative procedure of the data, together with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied to discriminate the pigments, notably dragon’s blood.
Published: 2019

30. The diffusion of pottery products, decorative styles and craft technology in the late medieval Mediterranean: A Greek perspective

Author: Florence Liard, Evangelia Kiriatzi, Mueller Noemi, Ayed Ben Amara, Rémy Chapoulie, Guy Sanders, Fotini Kondyli, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), British School at Athens, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, University of Virginia, University of Virginia [Charlottesville], and BEN AMARA, Ayed
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: International audience; This paper provides insights into commercial, artistic and techno-social interactions during the 14th century, a period of Mediterranean History that is mostly defined by social crises, political instability and conflicts, particularly in Greece. We tackle this question through an integrative study of provenance and technology of sgraffito tablewares, a sophisticated item of material culture that became widely distributed within and beyond the Byzantine world in late medieval times. The focus is on 155 fragments found at Thebes and Corinth, two strategic centers of international commerce and political organization in mainland Greece. We combine archaeological and stylistic approaches with mineralogical, chemical and textural analyses of the ceramic bodies, slips and glazes. The goal is to assess complexity, diversity and overlaps in pottery trade networks, spheres of artistic influences, and corridors of technological transfers, each of which results from a specific type of interaction between peoples during this politically unstable period.
Published: 2018

31. The medieval Aegean between East and West: Assessing glazing technologies at Greek pottery workshops under Byzantine and Latin rules

Author: Florence Liard, Ayed Ben Amara, Rémy Chapoulie, Giancarlo Della Ventura, Armida Sodo, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), British School at Athens, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), and Università degli Studi Roma Tre
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

32. Probing some organic ukiyo-e Japanese pigments and mixtures using non-invasive and mobile infrared spectroscopies

Author: Floréal Daniel, Laurent Servant, Josefina Pérez-Arantegui, Rémy Chapoulie, Carole Biron, Gwénaëlle Le Bourdon, Instituto Universitario en investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), and University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza]
Subjects: Cochineal, Materials science, biology, Infrared, 010401 analytical chemistry, Non invasive, Analytical chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (printing), [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Indigo, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Pigment, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Non-invasive identification of organic colourants in paintings still remains a challenging issue, especially in the case of extremely thin layers of paint on printed paper such as Japanese ukiyo-e prints. Because prints are fragile artworks, various non-invasive analytical methods need to be employed. The present work focuses on results obtained by combining fibre optic reflectance spectroscopy in the near-infrared range (FORS NIR) with mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy. The first step consists of identifying spectroscopic marker bands typical of some organic pigments (indigo, gamboge, cochineal, turmeric, safflower, dragon's blood). Some reference printouts involving paper substrate, binder and pigments (seldom used or as mixtures) were then investigated in order to establish a straightforward way to extract the marker bands of the pigments. Some data post-treatments were applied to the spectra, such as spectral subtraction, in order to abstract the signal from overlapping bands originating from both substrate and binder, and second derivative calculation to emphasise the pigment marker bands' frequency positions. These data treatments turned out to be relevant to extract information on the organic pigments of interest, even within complex mixtures.
Published: 2018
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33. Cussac Cave (Dordogne, France): The role of the rock support in the parietal art distribution, technical choices, and intentional and unintentional marks on the cave walls

Author: Stéphane Konik, Valérie Feruglio, Marie Ballade, Jacques Jaubert, Camille Bourdier, Catherine Ferrier, Rémy Chapoulie, Alain Queffelec, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Préhistoire (CNP), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Taphonomy, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Geoarchaeology, Lithology, 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Gravettian, Engraving, Parietal art, Petrography, Cave, 0601 history and archaeology, Speleogenesis, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; In this article, we present the relationships observed between the properties of the rock support in Cussac Cave and the choices made by the Paleolithic artists: the lithology of the limestone and the speleogenesis of the cave resulted in the creation of the vast rock surfaces on which the artists realized monumental engravings. The cartography of the formation processes in the cave and the petrographic analysis of samples collected from the ground show that following a superficial dissolution of the limestone, the rock became softer, thus facilitating engraving, even with a soft tool. The analyses (X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Fluorescence, Raman Spectrometry) indicate a relative concentration of goethite, responsible for the orangish patina visible on the wall surfaces. When engraved, the lighter material under this patina is exposed in the bottom of the incised lines, creating contrasting colors that contribute to the visibility of the depictions. Finally, the alteration of the limestone created a surface that also facilitated the realization of more tenuous marks, such as finger-tracings, as well as involuntary marks made by resting hands. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2017
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34. Photons and electrons for the study of a white veil covering some walls in prehistoric caves

Author: Florian Trichard, Philippe Malaurent, Catherine Ferrier, Vincent Rodriguez, Bruno Bousquet, Vincent Motto-Ros, Guilhem Mauran, Léna Bassel, Alain Queffelec, Delphine Lacanette, Rémy Chapoulie, Frédéric Pelascini, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique (LSP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CRITT Bio-Industrie, Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Bordeaux Montaigne, CNRS Archéovision, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CRITT Matériaux Alsace, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Politecnico, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM), Archeovision CNRS, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Taphonomy, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, engineering.material, Moonmilk, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, 01 natural sciences, Archaeological science, Paleontology, Cave, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Concretion, 0601 history and archaeology, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], white veil, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], geography, Léna, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, 060102 archaeology, Mechanical Engineering, taphonomy, prehistoric caves Citation: Rémy Chapoulie, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeology, Cultural heritage, Facies, engineering, archaeometry, Chronology
Abstract: Our research deals with the evolution of wall surfaces in prehistoric caves. The focus of this paper is dedicated to the structural and chemical characterization of a white concretion partially covering some walls in caves. In one of the caves, a non-ornate one which became a laboratory-cave (the Leye cave at Marquay, Dordogne, France) located in the Vézère valley, a set of physical methods has been proposed and tested on the first samples taken: SEM-EDXS, cathodoluminescence and laser-based techniques such as Raman spectroscopy and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and LIBS. Thus two facies mainly composed of calcium carbonate crystals have been determined: moonmilk and coralloids. The identification of theses crystalline phases is the first step of an ambitious research project that plans to understand the development of unexpected layers on the cave walls of the famous ornate caves listed as part of the UNESCO cultural heritage sites. This first set of data provides good insight to the structure and the physico-chemical composition of the involved materials. Future works will be dedicated to bring knowledge about the facies chronology, the climatic conditions of environment (temperature, CO2 rate and air velocities) over a long period.
Published: 2017
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35. Art and cultural heritage—where analytical sciences contribute to preserve our heritage

Author: Rémy Chapoulie, Michel Sablier, Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche pour la Conservation des Collections (CRCC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: spectroscopy, LIBS, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, GC/MS, ComputingMethodologies_MISCELLANEOUS, Environmental ethics, cathodoluminescence, 02 engineering and technology, General Medicine, cultural heritage, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, 0104 chemical sciences, Cultural heritage, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Political science, 11. Sustainability, analytical chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Cultural heritage management, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; For this special issue of ESPR, entitled “Art and cultural heritage – where analytical chemistry may help in preserving our heritage”, contributions were solicited from those participants, who had made an oral or poster presentation at the Euroanalysis 2015. This compilation of application studies is addressed to the broader scientific community interested in cultural heritage issues. We formulate the wish that the publication of this issue will give raise to an increased interest among the heritage scientist community for application of their works to ESPR.
Published: 2017
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36. Chemometrics applied to cathodoluminescence images: a new approach to classify pre-Columbian artefacts from northern Peru

Author: Faten Ammari, Nino Del-Solar-Velarde, Bruno Bousquet, Rémy Chapoulie, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM), Archeovision CNRS, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Université Bordeaux Montaigne, CNRS Archéovision, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Ceramics, 010506 paleontology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Mineralogy, Cathodoluminescence, Fine line, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, 01 natural sciences, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Peru, Environmental Chemistry, 0601 history and archaeology, Polychrome, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, 060102 archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, General Medicine, Pollution, Complex materials, Archaeological ceramics, Archaeology, Geology
Abstract: In most archaeological researches, ceramic cathodoluminescence images are conventionally exploited in a descriptive way (paste colour, inclusions). In this study, a new approach was employed: image's RGB histograms were used in order to differentiate several ceramics recently discovered at the archaeological site of San José de Moro located in northern Peru. Cathodoluminescence coupled with chemometric methods appears as a good method to characterize and particularly to produce a systematic classification of complex materials such as archaeological ceramics. Our results were compared with the archaeological and classical background knowledge and this allowed confirming that Mochica Fine Line and Mochica Polychrome were the most similar archaeological groups, at Mochica times, because of the use of the same raw material for production. However, Highland Cajamarca is the most different ceramic group from the other studied ones due to the use of different raw materials from Cajamarca valley located 100 km east of San José de Moro site.
Published: 2017
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37. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for elemental characterization of calcitic alterations on cave walls

Author: Bruno Bousquet, Vincent Motto-Ros, Faten Ammari, Frédéric Pelascini, Rémy Chapoulie, Catherine Ferrier, Léna Bassel, Florian Trichard, Delphine Lacanette, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CRITT Matériaux Alsace, Institut de Préhistoire et de Géologie du Quaternaire (IPGQ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux, Techniques et Cultures Préhistoriques (IPGQ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie (I2M), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Mineralogy, Speleothem, Context (language use), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Calcium Carbonate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cave, Environmental Chemistry, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Lasers, Spectrum Analysis, 010401 analytical chemistry, General Medicine, Pollution, 0104 chemical sciences, Diagenesis, Characterization (materials science), Caves, Calcium carbonate, chemistry, Archaeology, Geology, Art
Abstract: Cave walls are affected by different kinds of alterations involving preservative issues in the case of ornate caves, in particular regarding the rock art covering the walls. In this context, coralloids correspond to a facies with popcorn-like aspect belonging to the speleothem family, mostly composed of calcium carbonate. The elemental characterization indicates the presence of elements that might be linked to the diagenesis and the expansion of the alterations as demonstrated by prior analyses on stalagmites. In this study, we report the use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to characterize the elemental composition of one coralloid sample with a portable instrument allowing punctual measurements and a laboratory mapping setup delivering elemental images with spatial resolution at the micrometric scale, being particularly attentive to Mg, Sr, and Si identified as elements of interest. The complementarity of both instruments allows the determination of the internal structure of the coralloid. Although a validation based on a reference technique is necessary, LIBS data reveal that the external layer of the coralloid is composed of laminations correlated to variations of the LIBS signal of Si. In addition, an interstitial layer showing high LIBS signals for Fe, Al, and Si is interpreted to be a detrital clay interface between the external and the internal part of the coralloid. These preliminary results sustain a possible formation scenario of the coralloid by migration of the elements from the bedrock.
Published: 2017
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38. Fluorescence-based knife-edge beam diameter measurement to characterize X-ray beam profiles in reflection geometry

Author: Bruno Bousquet, Catherine Ferrier, Léna Bassel, Rémy Chapoulie, Alain Queffelec, Delphine Lacanette, Xavier Tauzin, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche sur les archéomatériaux (IRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, X-ray fluorescence, 01 natural sciences, Beam parameter product, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Transversal plane, symbols.namesake, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Gaussian function, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Beam diameter, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Spectrométrie de fluorescence des rayons X, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, symbols, M squared, Laser beam quality, business, Beam divergence
Abstract: The diameter of an X-ray beam was determined, using the knife-edge technique, widely applied for beam profiling, by taking advantage of the fluorescence emission generated by the X-ray beam. The knife-edge has to be appropriate to the configuration of the device, in our case a double-material target made of plastic and cardboard was scanned in a transversal plane compared to the beam propagation direction. Along the scanning axis, for each position, the intensity of the Kα line of chlorine was recorded. The first derivative of the intensity evolution as a function of the edge position, fitted by a Gaussian function, makes it possible to obtain the beam diameter along the scan direction. We measured a slightly elliptic diameter close to 3 mm. In this note we underline the significance of the knife-edge technique which represents a useful tool, easy to be set up, to control X-ray beam dimensions in portable devices often routinely used by non-specialists.
Published: 2016
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39. Multi-block analysis coupled to laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for sorting geological materials from caves

Author: Catherine Ferrier, Léna Bassel, Delphine Lacanette, Faten Ammari, Bruno Bousquet, Rémy Chapoulie, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Strontium, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Spectrometer, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 010401 analytical chemistry, Sorting (sediment), chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Moonmilk, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry, Cave, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Geological materials, 0210 nano-technology, spectroscopie à plasma induit par laser, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Block (data storage)
Abstract: In this study, multi-block analysis was applied for the first time to LIBS spectra provided by a portable LIBS system (IVEA Solution, France) equipped with three compact Czerny-Turner spectrometers covering the spectral ranges 200–397 nm, 398–571 nm and 572–1000 nm. 41 geological samples taken from a laboratory-cave situated in the “Vezere valley”, an area rich with prehistoric sites and decorated caves listed as a UNESCO world heritage in the south west of France, were analyzed. They were composed of limestone and clay considered as underlying supports and of two types of alterations referred as moonmilk and coralloid. Common Components and Specific Weights Analysis (CCSWA) allowed sorting moonmilk and coralloid samples. The loadings revealed higher amounts of magnesium, silicon, aluminum and strontium in coralloids and the saliences emphasized that among the three spectrometers installed in the LIBS instrument used in this work; that covering the range 572–1000 nm was less contributive. This new approach for processing LIBS data not only provides good results for sorting geological materials but also clearly reveals which spectral range contains most of the information. This specific advantage of multi-block analysis could lead for some applications to simplify the design and to reduce the size of LIBS instruments.
Published: 2016
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40. Towards high resolution ceramic series for production site studies: the case of Loron amphorae (Croatia, 1st–3rd c. A.D.)

Author: Nicolas Frerebeau, Pierre Machut, Rémy Chapoulie, Nadia Cantin, Yolande Marion, François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec, Ayed Ben Amara, Francis Tassaux, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Ausonius-Institut de recherche sur l'Antiquité et le Moyen âge, Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0052,LaScArBx,Using the world in ancient societies : processes and forms of appropriation of space in Long Time(2010), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne
Subjects: Croatie, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Croatia, ceramic, Industrial scale, Fluorescence spectrometry, High resolution, amphores, Conservation, Antiquité, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Epigraphy, 010104 statistics & probability, Production (economics), 0101 mathematics, amphora, Amphora, Antiquity, céramique, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Olive oil
Abstract: From the 1st to the 3rd centuries A.D., the territory of Istria (present-day Croatia) was a prominent area of olive oil production. Archaeologists have identified the so-called Dressel 6B amphora as the main container used in the transport and trade of this oil. So far archaeology and epigraphy have helped identify probable sources of production and two workshops in Istria, and have also allowed the reconstruction of main trade routes through the identification of stamped amphorae. However, much less is known about the organization of the production of these ceramic containers, which may have been conducted on an almost industrial scale. This preliminary study demonstrates how chemical analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) may address this question and provide new answers and avenues of inquiry. Our study of 53 amphorae, produced during two important periods in the history of the workshop of Loron, has evidenced that even in chronologically closely related contexts of production chemical analysis could significantly separate samples according to production groups. This result constitutes a very important first step towards a thorough study of the entire production history of the workshop, involving the creation of a comprehensive geochemical reference group comprising several hundred samples. This in turn will enable us to address an array of hypotheses concerning the economy and ecology of this production site, which are briefly presented in the article. The application of this methodology to the whole corpus of Istrian amphorae is then advocated in light of this study.
Published: 2015
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41. Characterization of unswept and swept quartz crystals for space applications

Author: Olivier Cambon, Gilles Cibiel, Sabine Devautour-Vinot, Christophe Inguimbert, J. Lefèvre, Pierre Guibert, Rémy Chapoulie, Alain Largeteau, D. Picchedda, J.J. Boy, Gérard Demazeau, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Chemistry, Relaxation (NMR), Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Infrared spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Thermoluminescence, Crystal, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Dielectric loss, Irradiation, 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Unswept and vacuum-swept synthetic quartz crystals were investigated in order to determine the mechanisms responsible for the radiation sensitivity of this material. Results were obtained by means of infrared (IR) spectroscopy, dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS), and thermoluminescence (TL). First, the effect of vacuum sweeping was clearly demonstrated in IR absorption by a significant decrease in the amount of hydroxyl ions and in DRS by the disappearance of the dielectric loss peak arising from the relaxation of alkali ions. Second, it was shown that swept quartz is less sensitive to irradiation than the unswept crystal. A sharp decrease in the TL sensitivity of the electrolyzed material was observed in the energy range corresponding to the recombination of alkaline-electronic defects. DRS results indicated that the dielectric signal is shifted toward a lower energy range for both types of crystals, suggesting that the irradiation greatly facilitates the relaxation of alkaline species by creating ...
Published: 2009
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42. Gold leaf decoration on medieval islamic glazed ceramics - in search of technological features with XRD

Author: Rémy Chapoulie, Eric Dooryhee, Philippe Goudeau, Claire Pacheco, Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de métallurgie physique (LMP), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers
Subjects: High interest, Central asia, Context (language use), Islamic ceramics, 02 engineering and technology, Ancient history, 01 natural sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Ceramic, Gold leaf, 010302 applied physics, Chemistry, Islam, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, gold leaf, Cultural heritage, firing temperature, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Gold surface, 0210 nano-technology, production process
Abstract: European Powder Diffraction Conference, EPDIC 10; International audience; Considered as luxury earthenware, haft-rangi ceramics are sometimes enlightened with gold leaves. This type of decoration appears on vessels in the Iranian world in the 12th-13th centuries and is exported to Central Asia on architectural tiles in the 14th-15th centuries. The questioning raised by this type of decoration mainly concerns the production process, its genesis and evolution in its well defined geo-chronological context. The innovative approach of the physico-chemical analysis of such a decoration so peculiar to medieval Islamic ceramic is thus essential. The study is concerned with the micro-structural features of the gold leaf itself. Because the studied samples are part of the cultural heritage, the non-destructiveness of the experiments is of very high interest. Therefore, some diffraction patterns, characteristic of the polycrystalline gold surface of the archaeological artefacts, have been obtained by synchrotron radiation at the ESRF. The results show that the diffractograms bear the signature of both mechanical and thermal treatments which the gold leaves underwent.
Published: 2007
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43. Cathodoluminescence of synthetic and natural calcite: the effects of manganese and iron on orange emission

Author: Gérard Villeneuve, Sandrine Cazenave, Rémy Chapoulie, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), and Université Bordeaux Montaigne
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, 010506 paleontology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Cathodoluminescence, Manganese, Calcium, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Neutron activation analysis, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Electron paramagnetic resonance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Calcite, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, Radiochemistry, Geophysics, Calcium carbonate, chemistry, Luminescence
Abstract: The orange cathodoluminescence (CL) of calcite is known to be due to the presence of Mn2+ cations. It has been demonstrated here using CL and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) crossed analysis from synthetic calcite that neither Fe2+ nor Fe3+ ions influence this luminescence emission. More complex natural calcium carbonates have been investigated to check whether or not this conclusion can be applied to them. For this purpose, different white marbles from Greek quarries were analysed with CL. The data are completed with neutron activation analysis (NAA) for manganese and iron contents. Again it is shown that only manganese plays a role in the orange CL of these white marbles. This result provides an important clue in the wide field of provenance determination of calcium carbonate used in ancient art.
Published: 2003

44. P band data collection and investigations utilizing the RAMSES SAR facility

Author: Ph. Paillou, J.-M. Le Caillec, Rémy Chapoulie, Virginie Lafon, I. Champion, H. Cantalloube, O. Duplessis, Hélène Dupuis, Philippe Dreuillet, Colette Coulombeix, Michel Martinaud, C. Titin-Schnaider, Monique Dechambre, Pascale Dubois-Fernandez, L. Pastore, R. Garello, DEMR, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Lab-STICC_TB_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Traitement Algorithmique et Matériel de la Communication, de l'Information et de la Connaissance (TAMCIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne, Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bordeaux Montaigne, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Centre de Développement des Géosciences Appliquées (CDGA), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), DEMR, ONERA [Salon], ONERA, ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Palaiseau], Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Universidade dos Açores, Institut Télécom (Infres), Télécom ParisTech, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Synthetic aperture radar, Meteorology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, law.invention, MOISTURE MEASUREMENT, 0203 mechanical engineering, law, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR, Radar imaging, Bathymetry, Radar, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], RADAR IMAGING, Low-frequency radar, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Remote sensing, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, Plan (archaeology), Flight test, Ultra high frequency, Environmental science, RADAR RAMSES, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; ONERA, the French aerospace research agency, has developed a multi-frequency, full polarimetric and high resolution airborne SAR facility named RAMSES, which has been expanded with a P-band (435 MHz) capability at the end of year 2000. The Gironde area was chosen as a suitable test-site for fieldwork validation of P-band capabilities in coordination with the low frequency radar working group set up by CNES (French Space Agency), the DGA (DOD Procurement Agency) and the CEV (French Flight Test Center). This experiment [1] [2] has explored the capabilities of this low frequency band for sub-surface moisture detection (on the o Pyla much greater than sand dune), biomass assessment (on the Nezer forest), mapping of the ocean bathymetry/salinity (on the much less thanbassin d'Arcachon, estuary of the Gironde), and archeology (imaging of buried roman-era artifacts). After a short description of the radar P and of the experience feedback of campaign "PYLA 2001" on the P-band radar, we present a preliminary synthesis of the results on the different sites. The much less than(PYLA 2001much greater than campaign results are encouraging. We therefore plan further experiments at the beginning of 2004 over Egypt (with simultaneaous band P+L). In conclusion, we present the future research trend at ONERA in the domain of lower frequency (VHF/UHF) SAR.
Published: 2003
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45. The hydrothermal growth of alpha-quartz and the nature of the physico-chemical defects detected in the resulting crystal

Author: P. E. Hickel, Gérard Demazeau, Gérard Villeneuve, F. Bechtel, P. Guibert, R. Arnaud, Rémy Chapoulie, E. Vartanian, B. Capelle, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Bordeaux Montaigne, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Density of defects, Materials science, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Infrared spectroscopy, Hydrothermal crystal growth, Cathodoluminescence, Crystal growth, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, Piezoelectricity, Hydrothermal circulation, law.invention, Crystal, Crystallography, α-quartz, law, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Composite material, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Electron paramagnetic resonance, Quartz, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; The development of α-quartz for high frequencies devices leads to a strong reduction of the thickness of the piezoelectric sheet. Such a thickness is comparable to the size of the defects. Consequently, the main objective for the improvement of the performances of α-quartz used as a piezoelectric material is to reduce the density of physico-chemical defects.Our work has been focussed in two directions:(i) the identification of different physico-chemical defects using the overlap of different techniques (X-ray topography, IR spectroscopy, Cathodoluminescence, Thermo-luminescence, EPR,…)(ii) attempts at improving the correlations between the different parameters governing the hydrothermal crystal growth of a-quartz and the nature or the density of defects.
Published: 2000
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46. Cathodoluminescence and crystal growth of sapphire

Author: Max Schvoerer, C. Capdupuy, Françoise Bechtel, Rémy Chapoulie, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Valence (chemistry), [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, Corundum, Cathodoluminescence, Crystal growth, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Impurity, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, engineering, Sapphire, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Luminescence, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Titanium
Abstract: Even though the luminescence process in sapphire has been widely investigated, the relation between the presence of specific impurities such as titanium and iron, and the way the crystal grows up, is enlightened here thanks to the cathodoluminescence (CL) approach. The role of each impurity, taking into account its different valence states and the correlation between all the possible ions, i.e. Ti 4+ , Ti 3+ , Fe 3+ , and Fe 2+ is tentatively explained: Ti 4+ will act as a blue emitting centre, Ti 3+ as a red one in a complex luminescence process, while Fe 2+ will act as a quenching centre. Thus, the crystal growth process, Verneuil process, can be totally described as for the distribution of the impurities needed to generate the sapphires. Particularly, growth bands find an explanation regarding these distributions of iron and titanium in their different valence states.
Published: 1999

47. Detection by thermoluminescence of damages created by alpha desintegrations in radionuclear waste glass

Author: Max Schvoerer, Pierre Müller, M. Martinaud, Rémy Chapoulie, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de physique moléculaire optique et hertzienne (CPMOH), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Borosilicate glass, Analytical chemistry, α irradiation, Irradiation, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Luminescence, Waste Management and Disposal, Thermoluminescence, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Study of thermo-stimulated luminescence of an a irradiated natural glass has revealed the formation of a structural defect that cannot be annealed thermally and is therefore cumulative. This phenomenon was again encountered and analysed in synthetic borosilicate glass to be used as radionuclear waste glass. To detect this structural modification, the thermoluminescence signal of an a irradiated sample is traced under certain conditions, Two peak characteristics of a previous a irradiation appear at 230 °C and 320 °C. Their intensity increases at each new experiment, although the a irradiation dose administered remains constant. In other words, despite the successive thermal emptyings, the glass keeps the trace of previous irradiations and consequently gives an increasing signal for constant doses. This study deals with a description of a physical phenomenon concerning the formation of defects within a irradiated glass matrices. This phenomenon was detected after a thermoluminescence (TL) analysis induced by a particles in natural glass (1,2) and it was systematically detected in synthetic horosili-care glass to be used as radionuclear waste glass. It should be remembered that during the fission reaction of uranium 235 in the centre of a nuclear plant, new nuclei and transuranic elements (neptu-nium, plutonium, americium) are generated. The former constitute the major part of nuclear waste, while the latter are long-life a emitters. After waste recycling to extract the uranium and plutonium (which is fissile and can be reused, mainly in fast-breeder reactors), a nitric solution remains containing 99.9% of fission products, 0.5% of generated plutonium and most of the neptunium and americium. Being con
Published: 1989
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48. Characterization of pre-Columbian artefacts in situ through handheld portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry: the case of ceramics from the Mochica site of San José de Moro (Peru)

Author: Nino Del-Solar-Velarde, Luis Jaime Castillo, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, Stan Kinis, and Rémy Chapoulie
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, education.field_of_study, 060102 archaeology, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Population, Fluorescence spectrometry, 06 humanities and the arts, Conservation, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Computer Science Applications, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Portable X-ray, 0601 history and archaeology, Fluorescence spectrometer, Polychrome, Trace element analysis, education, Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The famous archaeological site of San Jose de Moro (SJM) located in the Jequetepeque Valley (JV) represents one of the best-preserved pre-Columbian Mochica cemeteries uncovered along the north coast of Peru. SJM was a regional ritual centre where elites and the general population of all JV met to celebrate ceremonial events. Its role as a place of regional integration and coordination continued long after the disappearance of the Mochica and SJM was continuously occupied throughout the Late Mochica Period (8th–9th c. AD) and into the Transitional Period (9th–10th c. AD). Even though the abandonment of Mochica traditions in SJM (funerary practices and ceramic styles) appears quite rapid, SJM was constantly occupied whereby local traditions were being reshaped. During this time various styles of ritual ceramics from different traditions (Mochica, Cajamarca and Wari) were buried within ceremonial and funerary contexts. This research involves archaeometric studies of excavated painted diagnostic ceramic sherds representing four distinctive pre-Columbian typologies present at this site—Mochica fineline bichrome, Mochica fineline polychrome, coastal Cajamarca and Highland Cajamarca ceramics. For this study handheld portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (HHpXRF) instrumentation was operated in situ in order to (1) perform non-destructive trace element analysis (2) to assess if Cajamarca ceramics were further elaborated using the same raw materials employed by the Mochica potters of SJM, and (3) to establish whether or not Mochica and Cajamarca ceramics were truly technological markers in the lower part of the Jequetepeque valley. The chemical elements detected in the ceramic bodies by the portable technique and used for this analysis were: K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr and Y. All sherds that were identified as aesthetically different also differed chemically with the exception of the Mochica fineline bichrome and the Mochica fineline polychrome, which were produced in a coastal workshop using the same local raw materials. In addition, these sherds were not elaborated employing the same recipe used in the Coastal and Highland Cajamarca productions. Mochica ceramic productions are stylistically and chemically different from both Coastal and Highland Cajamarca productions. Ceramics from San Jose de Moro are technological markers of two cultures (Mochica and Cajamarca) in the lower part of the Jequetepeque Valley that interacted during Late Mochica and through the Transitional periods.
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49. Le diagnostic de fluorose sur des os humains brûlés, apport des méthodes archéométriques

Author: Dominique Castex, Anna Loeff, Rémy Chapoulie, Delphine Syvilay, Ronan Ledevin, Yannick Lefrais, Priscilla Munzi, Jean-Pierre Brun, Henri Duday, Laboratoire d'anthropologie des populations du passé, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bordeaux Montaigne, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS Archéovision, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Ecologie et évolution des populations, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Jean Berard (CJB), Ecole française de Rome (EFR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archeovision CNRS, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience

50. Architectural Polychromy at Hekatomnid Labraunda

Author: Blid, Jesper, Institute for the Study of Ancient Culture (IKAnt), Maud Mulliez, Caroline Delevoie, Rémy Chapoulie, ANR-13-JSH3-0005,VESUVIA,Vivre Ensemble : Société et Urbanisme d'une Ville de l'Italie Antique.(2013), delevoie, caroline, and Jeunes Chercheuses et Jeunes Chercheurs - Vivre Ensemble : Société et Urbanisme d'une Ville de l'Italie Antique. - - VESUVIA2013 - ANR-13-JSH3-0005 - JC - VALID
Subjects: Hekatomnid architecture, ocre jaune, Labraunda, plâtre peint, Carie, yellow and red ochre, bronze, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, bleu égyptien, Egyptian blue, Karia, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, architecture hékatomnide, ocre rouge, painted plaster
Abstract: This article explores old and new discoveries of architectural polychromy in the Hekatomnid building programme at Labraunda in Karia. It addresses the use of painted plaster and marble mouldings, while also scrutinising the abundant decorative role of bronze. I argue that the polychromy of the Hekatomnid buildings, like the architectural design itself, drew on both Asia Minor Ionic and Greek Doric practices. It thus exemplifies the experimental and innovative features of the building programme at large., Cet article est consacré aux découvertes anciennes et plus récentes de la polychromie architecturale dans le programme de construction hékatomnide de Labraunda en Carie. Y sont notamment étudiés l’usage de moulures en plâtre peint et en marbre, ainsi que le rôle décoratif important que joue le bronze. Convaincu que la polychromie des bâtiments Hékatomnides, à l’instar de la conception même de l’architecture, s’est inspirée à la fois des pratiques ioniques d’Asie mineure et doriques grecques, je propose d’illustrer ici les caractéristiques expérimentales et novatrices du programme de construction dans son ensemble.
Published: 2017

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53 results on '"Rémy Chapoulie"'

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