98 results on '"Raimondi, Lorenzo"'
Search Results
2. A machine learning application for the automatic recognition of planktonic foraminifera in thin sections
- Author
-
Piva, Andrea, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Rasca, Elisa, Kozmanyan, Arpine, and De Matteis, Mario
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Preliminary simulations of SISSI infrared beamline at Elettra 2.0 diffraction limited storage ring
- Author
-
Birarda, Giovanni, Vaccari, Lisa, Cudin, Ivan, Altissimo, Matteo, Karantzoulis, Emanuel, Castronovo, Davide, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Busetto, Edoardo, and Dumas, Paul
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Generation and measurement of intense few-femtosecond superradiant extreme-ultraviolet free-electron laser pulses
- Author
-
Mirian, Najmeh S., Di Fraia, Michele, Spampinati, Simone, Sottocorona, Filippo, Allaria, Enrico, Badano, Laura, Danailov, Miltcho B., Demidovich, Alexander, De Ninno, Giovanni, Di Mitri, Simone, Penco, Giuseppe, Rebernik Ribič, Primož, Spezzani, Carlo, Gaio, Giulio, Trovó, Mauro, Mahne, Nicola, Manfredda, Michele, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Zangrando, Marco, Plekan, Oksana, Prince, Kevin C., Mazza, Tommaso, Squibb, Richard J., Callegari, Carlo, Yang, Xi, and Giannessi, Luca
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Advances in X-ray optics: From metrology characterization to wavefront sensing-based optimization of active optics
- Author
-
Cocco, Daniele, Idir, Mourad, Morton, Daniel, Raimondi, Lorenzo, and Zangrando, Marco
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Coherent soft X-ray pulses from an echo-enabled harmonic generation free-electron laser
- Author
-
Rebernik Ribič, Primož, Abrami, Alessandro, Badano, Laura, Bossi, Maurizio, Braun, Hans-Heinrich, Bruchon, Niky, Capotondi, Flavio, Castronovo, Davide, Cautero, Marco, Cinquegrana, Paolo, Coreno, Marcello, Couprie, Marie Emmanuelle, Cudin, Ivan, Boyanov Danailov, Miltcho, De Ninno, Giovanni, Demidovich, Alexander, Di Mitri, Simone, Diviacco, Bruno, Fawley, William M., Feng, Chao, Ferianis, Mario, Ferrari, Eugenio, Foglia, Laura, Frassetto, Fabio, Gaio, Giulio, Garzella, David, Ghaith, Amin, Giacuzzo, Fabio, Giannessi, Luca, Grattoni, Vanessa, Grulja, Sandi, Hemsing, Erik, Iazzourene, Fatma, Kurdi, Gabor, Lonza, Marco, Mahne, Nicola, Malvestuto, Marco, Manfredda, Michele, Masciovecchio, Claudio, Miotti, Paolo, Mirian, Najmeh S., Petrov Nikolov, Ivaylo, Penco, Giuseppe Maria, Penn, Gregory, Poletto, Luca, Pop, Mihai, Prat, Eduard, Principi, Emiliano, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Reiche, Sven, Roussel, Eléonore, Sauro, Roberto, Scafuri, Claudio, Sigalotti, Paolo, Spampinati, Simone, Spezzani, Carlo, Sturari, Luca, Svandrlik, Michele, Tanikawa, Takanori, Trovó, Mauro, Veronese, Marco, Vivoda, Davide, Xiang, Dao, Zaccaria, Maurizio, Zangrando, Dino, Zangrando, Marco, and Allaria, Enrico Massimiliano
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. AC/DC: The FERMI FEL Split and Delay Optical Device for Ultrafast X-Rays Science
- Author
-
Pedersoli,Emanuele, Capotondi,Flavio, Pancaldi,Matteo, Manfredda,Michele, Raimondi,Lorenzo, Gaio,Giulio, Menk,Ralf Hendrik, Gerusina,Simone, Gobessi,Riccardo, Fava,Claudio, Simoncig,Alberto, Zangrando,Marco, Abrami,Alessandro, Mahne,Nicola, and De Angelis,Dario
- Subjects
photon-beamline-instrumentation-undulators - Photon beamline instrumentation & undulators ,Accelerator Physics - Abstract
Free-electron lasers (FELs) are currently the most advanced class of light sources, by virtue of their unique capability to lase high-brightness and ultrashort pulses characterized by wavelengths spanning the Extreme-Ultraviolet (EUV), the Soft (SXR) and Hard (HXR) X-Ray spectral domains, alongside with temporal duration lying in the femtosecond (fs) timescale [1]. Specifically, the advent of FELs light sources has recently allowed to perform, in a time-resolved fashion approach, both established spectroscopies, daily employed at synchrotron light sources, and novel non-linear optical methods, mostly combining FELs and laser pulses. Nonetheless, the next step to push the ultrafast X-Ray science standards is widely recognized to be linked to go beyond the current time-resolved schemes, so performing experiments engaging exclusively EUV, SXR and HXR pulses. Indeed, exciting (and probing) matter at its (or nearby) electronic resonance is largely speculated to be one of the key for discriminating and revealing the microscopic mechanisms hiding behind some of the most exotic phases of physical, chemical, and biological systems. Such a challenge calls the design of optical devices capable to both split and delay (in time) FELs pulses, without impacting on their coherence properties, and fully user-friendly in terms of preserving the perfect overlap of the resulting focal spots, even in the few microns spatial domain, a well-known trademark for focusing EUV, SXR and HXR pulses at FELs light sources [2]. At the seeded FERMI FEL (Trieste, Italy) this goal is committed by the novel optical device known as AC/DC, which stands for the Auto Correlator/Delay Creator. AC/DC is purposely designed to double the incoming FEL photon beam into two exact pulse replicas, splitting it by inserting a grazing incidence flat mirror, and further delaying in time, in a controlled way, one of the two pulses, with an intrinsic temporal resolution of approximately 360 attoseconds. A detailed description of AC/DC is highlighted here. Specifically, strong emphasis is dedicated to the opto-mechanical design and the laser-based feedback system, purposely designed and implemented to compensate in real-time any potential drift and pointing mismatch affecting the FEL optical trajectory, ascribable to both mechanical imperfections and residual paraxial errors appearing during a temporal delay scan [3]. [1] Bostedt C., Boutet S., Fritz D.M., Huang Z., Lee H.J., Lemke H.T., Robert A., Schlotter W.F., Turner J.J., Williams G.J., Linac Coherent Light Source: The first five years. Rev. Mod. Phys.88, 015007 (2016) [2] Manfredda M., Fava C., Gobessi R., Mahne N., Raimondi L., Simoncig A., Zangrando M., The evolution of KAOS, a multipurpose active optics system for EUV/Soft X-rays, Synchrotron Radiation News, 0, 0, (2022) DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2022.2066432 . [3] Simoncig A., Manfredda M., Gaio G., Mahne N., Raimondi M., Fava C., Gerusina S., Gobessi R., Abrami A., Capotondi F., De Angelis D., Menk R., Pancaldi M., Pedersoli E., Zangrando M., AC/DC: The FERMI FEL Split and Delay Optical Device for Ultrafast X-rays Science, Photonics, 9(5), 314, 2022
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A WISER way for simulating the performance of gratings.
- Author
-
Manfredda, Michele, Raimondi, Lorenzo, and Cocc, Daniele
- Subjects
- *
MONOCHROMATORS , *PHYSICAL optics , *DIFFRACTION gratings , *SYNCHROTRON radiation sources , *RING lasers , *FREE electron lasers , *SOFT X rays , *SYNCHROTRON radiation - Abstract
Soft X-ray monochromators for synchrotron radiation sources have been continuously developed over the years, improving energy resolution and stability. Great effort has been made in improving the surface quality of the optics involved, reaching values permitting diffraction-limited images. Still, one problem has not been solved, nor fully understood, yet: groove placing errors. Nowadays, these are one of the major factors responsible for resolving the power reduction of diffraction-gratings-based X-ray monochromators. Despite decades of use of gratings, there is not yet a universally established method for predicting and simulating the effect of groove placing errors on monochromator performance. This is especially important in the new scenario of high-coherent X-ray sources, i.e. diffraction-limited storage rings and free-electron lasers. To address this problem, in this article an approach based on WISER (Wavefront propagatIon Simulation codE libRary) is presented. WISER is a physical optics simulation package, also available in the user-friendly Orange Synchrotron Radiation Suite - OASYS. Even though it was originally conceived to assess the focusing performance of X-ray mirrors in the presence of height defects, it perfectly simulates the performance of a periodic (or quasi-periodic) structure like a diffraction grating. In this article, the way to use WISER and its application to a specific case, e.g. the design of a monochromator for the upgrade of a beamline at the Advanced Light Source, are shown. A simple rule for estimating how well the grooves are placed on a grating, based on calculation of the Strehl ratio, is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The MagneDyn beamline at the FERMI free electron laser.
- Author
-
Malvestuto, Marco, Caretta, Antonio, Bhardwaj, Richa, Laterza, Simone, Parmigiani, Fulvio, Gessini, Alessandro, Zamolo, Matteo, Galassi, Fabio, Sergo, Rudi, Cautero, Giuseppe, Danailov, Miltcho B., Demidovic, Alexander, Sigalotti, Paolo, Lonza, Marco, Borghes, Roberto, Contillo, Adriano, Simoncig, Alberto, Manfredda, Michele, Raimondi, Lorenzo, and Zangrando, Marco
- Subjects
X-ray emission spectroscopy ,FREE electron lasers ,LASER pumping ,RARE earth metals ,FEMTOSECOND pulses ,FEMTOSECOND lasers ,POLARISCOPE - Abstract
The scope of this paper is to outline the main marks and performances of the MagneDyn beamline, which was designed and built to perform ultrafast magnetodynamic studies in solids. Open to users since 2019, MagneDyn operates with variable circular and linear polarized femtosecond pulses delivered by the externally laser-seeded FERMI free-electron laser (FEL). The very high degree of polarization, the high pulse-to-pulse stability, and the photon energy tunability in the 50–300 eV range allow performing advanced time-resolved magnetic dichroic experiments at the K-edge of light elements, e.g., carbon and at the M- and N-edge of the 3d-transition-metals and rare earth elements, respectively. To this end, two experimental end-stations are available. The first is equipped with an in situ dedicated electromagnet, a cryostat, and an extreme ultraviolet Wollaston-like polarimeter. The second, designed for carry-in user instruments, hosts also a spectrometer for pump-probe resonant x-ray emission and inelastic spectroscopy experiments with a sub-eV energy resolution. A Kirkpatrick-Baez active optics system provides a minimum focus of ∼ 20 × 20 μ m
2 FWHM at the sample. A pump laser setup, synchronized with the FEL-laser seeding system, delivers sub-picosecond pulses with photon energies ranging from the mid-IR to near-UV for optical pump-FEL probe experiments with a minimal pump-probe jitter of few femtoseconds. The overall combination of these features renders MagneDyn a unique state-of-the-art tool for studying ultrafast magnetic and resonant emission phenomena in solids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. AC/DC: The FERMI FEL Split and Delay Optical Device for Ultrafast X-ray Science.
- Author
-
Simoncig, Alberto, Manfredda, Michele, Gaio, Giulio, Mahne, Nicola, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Fava, Claudio, Gerusina, Simone, Gobessi, Riccardo, Abrami, Alessandro, Capotondi, Flavio, De Angelis, Dario, Menk, Ralf Hendrik, Pancaldi, Matteo, Pedersoli, Emanuele, and Zangrando, Marco
- Subjects
OPTICAL devices ,DELAY lines ,FREE electron lasers ,X-rays ,GRAZING incidence ,PHYSICAL optics - Abstract
Free-electron lasers (FELs) are the most advanced class of light-sources, by virtue of their unique capability to lase high-brightness pulses characterized by wavelengths spanning the extreme-ultraviolet, the soft and hard X-ray spectral domains, as well as by temporal lengths lying in the femtosecond (fs) timescale. The next step to push the current standards in ultrafast X-ray science is strongly linked to the possibility of engineering and exploiting time-resolved experiments exclusively for FELs pulses, ideally having different colors tunable at specific electronic resonance of the chemical elements. At the seeded FERMI FEL (Trieste, Italy) this goal is committed to the optical device known as AC/DC, which stands for the auto correlator/delay creator. AC/DC is designed to double the incoming FEL pulse splitting the photon beam by inserting a grazing incidence flat mirror, thus preserving the spectral and temporal properties, and further delaying one of these two pulses in time. It can independently tune the FEL pulses fluence on the two optical paths by means of solid-state filters, too. Here, we present a detailed description about this optical device. Strong emphasis is dedicated to the AC/DC opto-mechanical design and to the laser-based feedback systems implemented to compensate for any mismatch affecting the FEL optical trajectory, ascribable to both mechanical imperfections and paraxial errors rising during a temporal delay scan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. First Lasing of a Free Electron Laser in the Soft X-Ray Spectral Range with Echo Enabled Harmonic Generation
- Author
-
Allaria, Enrico, Abrami, Alessandro, Badano, Laura, Bossi, Maurizio, Braun, Hans-Heinrich, Bruchon, Niky, Capotondi, Flavio, Castronovo, Davide, Cautero, Marco, Cinquegrana, Paolo, Coreno, Marcello, Couprie, Marie-Emmanuelle, Cudin, Ivan, Danailov, Miltcho, De Ninno, Giovanni, Demidovich, Alexander, Di Mitri, Simone, Diviacco, Bruno, Fawley, William, Feng, Chao, Ferianis, Mario, Ferrari, Eugenio, Foglia, Laura, Frassetto, Fabio, Gaio, Giulio, Garzella, David, Ghaith, Amin, Giacuzzo, Fabio, Giannessi, Luca, Grattoni, Vanessa, Grulja, Sandi, Hemsing, Erik, Iazzourene, Fatma, Kurdi, Gabor, Lonza, Marco, Mahne, Nicola, Malvestuto, Marco, Manfredda, Michele, Masciovecchio, Claudio, Miotti, Paolo, Mirian, Najmeh, Nikolov, Ivaylo, Penco, Giuseppe, Penn, Gregory, Poletto, Luca, Pop, Mihai, Prat, Eduard, Principi, Emiliano, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Rebernik Ribič, Primoz, Reiche, Sven, Roussel, Eléonore, Sauro, Roberto, Scafuri, Claudio, Sigalotti, Paolo, Spampinati, Simone, Spezzani, Carlo, Sturari, Luca, Svandrlik, Michele, Tanikawa, Takanori, Trovò, Mauro, Veronese, Marco, Vivoda, Davide, Xiang, Dao, Zaccaria, Maurizio, Zangrando, Dino, Zangrando, Marco, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), and Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
FEL ,electron ,free-electron laser ,experiment ,echo enabled harmonic generation ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph] ,free-electron-laser ,Accelerator Physics ,First Lasing ,laser - Abstract
We report on the successful operation of a Free Electron Laser (FEL) in the Echo Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) scheme at the FERMI facility at Sincrotrone Trieste. The experiment required a modification of the FEL-2 undulator line which, in normal operation, uses two stages of high-gain harmonic generation separated by a delay line. In addition to a new seed laser, the dispersion in the delay-line was increased, the second stage modulator changed and a new manipulator installed in the delay-line chicane hosting additional diagnostic components. With this modified setup we have demonstrated the first evidence of strong exponential gain in a free electron laser operated in EEHG mode at wavelengths as short as 5 nm., Proceedings of the 39th Free Electron Laser Conference, FEL2019, Hamburg, Germany
- Published
- 2019
12. Status and Perspectives of the FERMI FEL Facility (2019)
- Author
-
Giannessi, Luca, Allaria, Enrico, Badano, Laura, Bassanese, Silvano, Bencivenga, Filippo, Callegari, Carlo, Capotondi, Flavio, Castronovo, Davide, Cilento, Federico, Cinquegrana, Paolo, Coreno, Marcello, Cudin, Ivan, D'Auria, Gerardo, Danailov, Miltcho, De Monte, Raffaele, De Ninno, Giovanni, Delgiusto, Paolo, Demidovich, Alexander, Di Fraia, Michele, Di Mitri, Simone, Diviacco, Bruno, Fabris, Alessandro, Fabris, Riccardo, Fawley, William, Ferianis, Mario, Foglia, Laura, Furlan Radivo, Paolo, Gaio, Giulio, Gelmetti, Federico, Iazzourene, Fatma, Krecic, Stefano, Kurdi, Gabor, Lonza, Marco, Mahne, Nicola, Malvestuto, Marco, Manfredda, Michele, Masciovecchio, Claudio, Milloch, Massimo, Mincigrucci, Riccardo, Mirian, Najmeh, Nikolov, Ivaylo, O'Shea, Finn, Penco, Giuseppe, Perucchi, Andrea, Plekan, Oksana, Predonzani, Mauro, Prince, Kevin, Principi, Emiliano, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Rebernik Ribič, Primoz, Rossi, Fabio, Rumiz, Luca, Scafuri, Claudio, Serpico, Claudio, Shafqat, Nuaman, Sigalotti, Paolo, Simoncig, Alberto, Spampinati, Simone, Spezzani, Carlo, Svandrlik, Michele, Trovò, Mauro, Vascotto, Alessandro, Veronese, Marco, Visintini, Roberto, Zangrando, Dino, and Zangrando, Marco
- Subjects
Status of Projects and Facilities ,Accelerator Physics - Abstract
FERMI is the seeded Free Electron Laser (FEL) user facility at the Elettra laboratory in Trieste, operating in the VUV to EUV and soft X-rays spectral range; the radiation produced by the seeded FEL is characterized by wavelength stability, low temporal jitter and longitudinal coherence in the range 100-4 nm. During 2018 a dedicated experiment has shown the potential of the Echo Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) scheme [1] to cover most of this spectral range with a single stage cascade [2]. Such a scheme, combined to an increment of the beam energy and of the accelerator performances, could extend the FERMI operating range toward the oxygen k-edge. With this perspective, we present the development plans under consideration for the next 3 to 5 years. These include an upgrade of the linac and of the existing FEL lines, consisting in the conversion of FEL-1 first, and FEL-2 successively, into EEHG seeded FELs., Proceedings of the 39th Free Electron Laser Conference, FEL2019, Hamburg, Germany
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Status and Perspectives of the FERMI FEL Facility
- Author
-
Giannessi, Luca, Allaria, Enrico, Badano, Laura, Bencivenga, Filippo, Callegari, Carlo, Capotondi, Flavio, Cilento, Federico, Cinquegrana, Paolo, Coreno, Marcello, Cudin, Ivan, D'Auria, Gerardo, Danailov, Miltcho, De Monte, Raffaele, De Ninno, Giovanni, Delgiusto, Paolo, Demidovich, Alexander, Di Fraia, Michele, Di Mitri, Simone, Diviacco, Bruno, Fabris, Alessandro, Fabris, Riccardo, Fawley, William, Ferianis, Mario, Furlan Radivo, Paolo, Gaio, Giulio, Gauthier, David, Gelmetti, Federico, Iazzourene, Fatma, Krecic, Stefano, Lonza, Marco, Mahne, Nicola, Malvestuto, Marco, Masciovecchio, Claudio, Milloch, Massimo, Mirian, Najmeh, Parmigiani, Fulvio, Penco, Giuseppe, Perucchi, Andrea, Pivetta, Lorenzo, Plekan, Oksana, Predonzani, Mauro, Principi, Emiliano, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Rebernik Ribič, Primoz, Rossi, Fabio, Roussel, Eléonore, Rumiz, Luca, Scafuri, Claudio, Serpico, Claudio, Sigalotti, Paolo, Spampinati, Simone, Spezzani, Carlo, Svandrlik, Michele, Trovò, Mauro, Vascotto, Alessandro, Veronese, Marco, Visintini, Roberto, Zangrando, Dino, and Zangrando, Marco
- Subjects
New Lasing & Status of Projects ,Accelerator Physics - Abstract
FERMI is the seeded Free Electron Laser (FEL) user facility at the Elettra laboratory in Trieste, operating in the VUV to EUV and soft X-rays spectral range; the radiation produced by the seeded FEL is characterised by a number of desirable properties, such as wavelength stability, low temporal jitter and longitudinal coherence. In this paper, after an overview of the FELs performances, we will present the development plans under consideration for the next 3 to 5 years. These include an upgrade of the LINAC and of the existing FEL lines, the possibility to perform multi-pulse experiments in different configurations and an Echo Enabled Harmonic Generation experiment on FEL-2, the FEL line extending to 4 nm (310 eV)., Proceedings of the 38th Int. Free Electron Laser Conf., FEL2017, Santa Fe, NM, USA
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Time-resolved observation of transient precursor state of CO on Ru(0001) using carbon K-edge spectroscopy.
- Author
-
Wang, Hsin-Yi, Schreck, Simon, Weston, Matthew, Liu, Chang, Ogasawara, Hirohito, LaRue, Jerry, Perakis, Fivos, Dell'Angela, Martina, Capotondi, Flavio, Giannessi, Luca, Pedersoli, Emanuele, Naumenko, Denys, Nikolov, Ivaylo, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Spezzani, Carlo, Beye, Martin, Cavalca, Filippo, Liu, Boyang, Gladh, Jörgen, and Koroidov, Sergey
- Abstract
The transient dynamics of carbon monoxide (CO) molecules on a Ru(0001) surface following femtosecond optical laser pump excitation has been studied by monitoring changes in the unoccupied electronic structure using an ultrafast X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) probe. The particular symmetry of perpendicularly chemisorbed CO on the surface is exploited to investigate how the molecular orientation changes with time by varying the polarization of the FEL pulses. The time evolution of spectral features corresponding to the desorption precursor state was well distinguished due to the narrow line-width of the C K-edge in the X-ray absorption (XA) spectrum, illustrating that CO molecules in the precursor state rotated freely and resided on the surface for several picoseconds. Most of the CO molecules trapped in the precursor state ultimately cooled back down to the chemisorbed state, while we estimate that ∼14.5 ± 4.9% of the molecules in the precursor state desorbed into the gas phase. It was also observed that chemisorbed CO molecules diffused over the metal surface from on-top sites toward highly coordinated sites. In addition, a new "vibrationally hot precursor" state was identified in the polarization-dependent XA spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Splitting and delaying fully coherent FELs pulses for advancing ultrafast x-ray science: the AC/DC optical device at the FERMI FEL.
- Author
-
Simoncig, Alberto, Manfredda, Michele, Gaio, Giulio, Mahne, Nicola, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Fava, Claudio, Gerusina, Simone, Gobessi, Riccardo, Abrami, Alessandro, Capotondi, Flavio, De Angelis, Dario, Menk, Ralf Hendrik, Pancaldi, Matteo, Pedersoli, Emanuele, and Zangrando, Marco
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Widely tunable two-colour seeded free-electron laser source for resonant-pump resonant-probe magnetic scattering
- Author
-
Ferrari, Eugenio, Spezzani, Carlo, Fortuna, Franck, Delaunay, Renaud, Vidal, Franck, Nikolov, Ivaylo, Cinquegrana, Paolo, Diviacco, Bruno, Gauthier, David, Penco, Giuseppe, Ribic, Primoz Rebernik, Roussel, Eleonore, Trovo, Marco, Moussy, Jean Baptiste, Pincelli, Tommaso, Lounis, Lounès, Manfredda, Michele, Pedersoli, Emanuele, Capotondi, Flavio, Svetina, Cristian, Mahne, Nicola, Zangrando, Marco, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Demidovich, Alexander, Giannessi, Luca, De Ninno, Giovanni, Danailov, Miltcho Boyanov, Allaria, Enrico, Sacchi, Maurizio, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste, Dipartimento di Fisica ( DIPARTIMENTO DI FISICA ), Università degli studi di Trieste, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides ( LPS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière ( CSNSM ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement ( LCPMR ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Croissance et propriétés de systèmes hybrides en couches minces ( INSP-E8 ), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris ( INSP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service de physique de l'état condensé ( SPEC - UMR3680 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Dipartimento di Fisica (Milano), Università degli studi di Milano [Milano], École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Graduate School of Nanotechnology, CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali ( IOM ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] ( ENEA ), Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Synchrotron SOLEIL ( SSOLEIL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSNSM PS2, Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Croissance et propriétés de systèmes hybrides en couches minces (INSP-E8), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523 (PhLAM), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Nano-Magnétisme et Oxydes (LNO), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University (PSL), CNR Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica [Trieste], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph] ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Physics::Optics ,02 engineering and technology ,Electron ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,law.invention ,Optics ,Optical physics ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat] ,010306 general physics ,Physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Range (particle radiation) ,Multidisciplinary ,[ PHYS ] Physics [physics] ,business.industry ,Scattering ,Free-electron laser ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,Physical sciences ,Applied physics ,Wavelength ,Extreme ultraviolet ,[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] ,Optoelectronics ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
The advent of free-electron laser (FEL) sources delivering two synchronized pulses of different wavelengths (or colours) has made available a whole range of novel pump–probe experiments. This communication describes a major step forward using a new configuration of the FERMI FEL-seeded source to deliver two pulses with different wavelengths, each tunable independently over a broad spectral range with adjustable time delay. The FEL scheme makes use of two seed laser beams of different wavelengths and of a split radiator section to generate two extreme ultraviolet pulses from distinct portions of the same electron bunch. The tunability range of this new two-colour source meets the requirements of double-resonant FEL pump/FEL probe time-resolved studies. We demonstrate its performance in a proof-of-principle magnetic scattering experiment in Fe–Ni compounds, by tuning the FEL wavelengths to the Fe and Ni 3p resonances., Two-colour X-ray free electron laser is a powerful tool for pump–probe measurements, but currently constrained by limited tunability. Here, Ferrari et al. develop a configuration that allows tuning both the pump and the probe to specific electronic excitations, providing element selectivity.
- Published
- 2016
17. Photon transport of the superradiant TeraFERMI THz beamline at the FERMI free-electron laser
- Author
-
Svetina, Cristian, Mahne, Nicola, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Perucchi, Andrea, Di Pietro, Paola, Lupi, Stefano, Schmidt, Bernhard, and Zangrando, Marco
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Photon ,Terahertz radiation ,Physics::Optics ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,free electron laser (FEL) ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation ,TeraFERMI ,Physics ,Radiation ,business.industry ,Free-electron laser ,Undulator ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,Beamline ,coherent transition radiation (CTR) ,FERMI free-electron laser ,terahertz beamline ,Femtosecond ,ddc:540 ,Optoelectronics ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Beam (structure) - Abstract
TeraFERMI is the new terahertz (THz) beamline for pump–probe studies on the femtosecond time-scale, under construction at the FERMI free-electron laser (FEL) facility in Trieste, Italy. The beamline will take advantage of the coherent radiation emitted by the spent electrons from the FEL undulators, before being dumped. This will result in short, coherent, high-power THz pulses to be used as a pump beam, in order to modulate structural properties of matter, thereby inducing phase transitions. The TeraFERMI beamline collects THz radiation in the undulator hall and guides it along a beam pipe which is approximately 30 m long, extending across the safety hutch and two shielding walls. Here the optical design, which will allow the efficient transport of the emitted THz radiation in the experimental hall, is presented.
- Published
- 2016
18. The Fermi Seeded FEL Facility: Operational Experience and Future Perspectives
- Author
-
Giannessi, Luca, Allaria, Enrico, Badano, Laura, Bencivenga, Filippo, Callegari, Carlo, Capotondi, Flavio, Castronovo, Davide, Cinquegrana, Paolo, Coreno, Marcello, Cucini, Riccardo, Cudin, Ivan, D'Auria, Gerardo, Danailov, Miltcho, De Monte, Raffaele, De Ninno, Giovanni, Delgiusto, Paolo, Demidovich, Alexander, Di Mitri, Simone, Diviacco, Bruno, Fabris, Alessandro, Fabris, Riccardo, Fawley, William, Ferianis, Mario, Ferrari, Eugenio, Finetti, Paola, Furlan Radivo, Paolo, Gaio, Giulio, Gauthier, David, Gelmetti, Federico, Iazzourene, Fatma, Kiskinova, Maya, Krecic, Stefano, Lonza, Marco, Mahne, Nicola, Manfredda, Michele, Masciovecchio, Claudio, Milloch, Massimo, Parmigiani, Fulvio, Pedersoli, Emanuele, Penco, Giuseppe, Pivetta, Lorenzo, Plekan, Oksana, Predonzani, Mauro, Prince, Kevin, Principi, Emiliano, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Rebernik Ribič, Primoz, Rossi, Fabio, Roussel, Eléonore, Rumiz, Luca, Scafuri, Claudio, Serpico, Claudio, Sigalotti, Paolo, Svandrlik, Michele, Svetina, Cristian, Trovò, Mauro, Vascotto, Alessandro, Veronese, Marco, Visintini, Roberto, Zangrando, Dino, and Zangrando, Marco
- Subjects
Status of Projects and Facilities ,Accelerator Physics - Abstract
FERMI is the seeded FEL user facility in Trieste, Italy, producing photons from the VUV to the soft X-rays with a high degree of coherence and spectral stability. Both FEL lines, FEL-1 and FEL-2, are available for users, down to the shortest wavelength of 4 nm. We report on the completion of the commissioning of the high energy FEL line, FEL-2, on the most recent progress obtained on FEL-1 and on the operational experience for users, in particular those requiring specific FEL configurations, such as two-colour experiments. We will also give a perspective on the improvements and upgrades which have been triggered based on our experience, aiming to maintain as well as to constantly improve the performance of the facility for our user community., Proceedings of the 37th International Free Electron Laser Conference, FEL2015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Developments of EUV/X-ray wavefront sensors and adaptive optics at Imagine Optic.
- Author
-
de La Rochefoucauld, Ombeline, Bucourt, Samuel, Cocco, Daniele, Dovillaire, Guillaume, Harms, Fabrice, Idir, Mourad, Korn, Dietmar, Levecq, Xavier, Marmin, Agathe, Nicolas, Lionel, Piponnier, Martin, Raimondi, Lorenzo, and Zeitoun, Philippe
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Kirkpatrick–Baez active optics system at FERMI: system performance analysis.
- Author
-
Raimondi, Lorenzo, Manfredda, Michele, Mahne, Nicola, Cocco, Daniele, Capotondi, Flavio, Pedersoli, Emanuele, Kiskinova, Maya, and Zangrando, Marco
- Subjects
- *
OPTICS , *FOCAL planes , *SYSTEM analysis , *FOCUS (Optics) , *WAVEFRONT sensors , *FREE electron lasers , *AUTOPSY - Abstract
FERMI is the first and only seeded EUV‐SXR free‐electron laser (FEL) facility available to users; it operates at Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste (Italy) and it presents five operating endstations. Three of them, namely LDM (Low Density Matter), DiProI (Diffraction and Projection Imaging) and MagneDyn (Magneto‐Dynamical studies), use a Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) active X‐ray optics system to focus the FEL pulses into the experimental chambers. The present work reports on the final results of the upgraded KB Active Optics Systems (KAOS), which have been mechanically modified in order to improve stability and repeatability with respect to the original design. The results have been obtained on both the FERMI FEL lines, FEL1 and FEL2, and are particularly relevant for the latter as it is the low‐wavelength line recently opened to users. After a thorough description of the new mechanical layout of the system and the aspects that have been improved after the refurbishment, a set of simulations of the optical performances are presented. The code used to simulate the behavior of KAOS is WISEr, a physical‐optics‐based tool, which is freely accessible, and integrated into the Oasys platform, that takes into account the specific surface metrology characterization of the beamline mirrors, including figure errors and microroughness power spectral density. The results of WISEr are then used as a reference for the actual optimization of the optical system. This procedure relies heavily on a wavefront sensor (WFS) mounted out of focus to optimize the refocusing mirrors alignment as well as their curvature bending (by minimization of the coefficients of the Zernike wavefront expansion). Moreover, the WFS data are used to reconstruct the focal spot parameters by means of a back‐propagation of the electric field. Finally, these results are compared with those obtained after the FEL ablation of a PMMA layer positioned on the focal plane, and analyzed ex situ in a post‐mortem fashion. The mechanically refurbished optical system and the multi‐technique alignment approach, aimed at optimizing the mirrors' curvature, pitch and roll angles, allowed a focal spot of 1.8 µm × 2.4 µm at 4.14 nm wavelength (FEL2) to be inferred, confirmed by the PMMA ablation imprints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Focal shift induced by source displacements and optical figure errors.
- Author
-
Manfredda, Michele, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Mahne, Nicola, and Zangrando, Marco
- Subjects
- *
PARABOLIC reflectors , *MIRRORS , *FOCAL planes , *GAUSSIAN beams , *SHIFT systems , *LAGUERRE-Gaussian beams - Abstract
In this work the longitudinal shifts of the focal plane of an ellipsoidal mirror induced by longitudinal shifts of the source and by the optical figure error of the mirror itself are investigated. The case of an ideal mirror illuminated by a Gaussian beam is considered first, deriving an analytical formula predicting the source‐to‐focus shift. Then the realistic case of a mirror affected by surface shape defects is examined, by taking into account metrological data and numerically solving the Huygens–Fresnel integral. The analytical and numerical solutions in the ideal and real cases are compared. Finally, it is shown that an additional dependence of the focal shift is introduced on the wavelength and the pointing angle of the source. Both effects are investigated by numerical computations. We limit the treatment in the XUV spectral range, choosing as a test bench the Kirkpatrick–Baez mirror system of the DiProI and LDM end‐stations and at the FERMI seeded free‐electron laser (FEL). The work is primarily aimed at disentangling the different causes of focal shift at FEL light sources, where source position, wavelength and pointing angle are either tunable or rapidly fluctuating. The method can be easily extended to parabolic reflectors and refractors (lenses) with other kinds of illuminating sources and wavelengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Laser‐slicing at a low‐emittance storage ring.
- Author
-
Di Mitri, Simone, Barletta, William, Bianco, Anna, Cudin, Ivan, Diviacco, Bruno, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Spampinati, Simone, Spezzani, Carlo, and Masciovecchio, Claudio
- Subjects
STORAGE rings ,FREE electron lasers ,HIGH power lasers ,RADIATION sources ,LIGHT sources ,SOFT X rays ,ACHROMATISM - Abstract
Laser‐slicing at a diffraction‐limited storage ring light source in the soft X‐ray region is investigated with theoretical and numerical modelling. It turns out that the slicing efficiency is favoured by the ultra‐low beam emittance, and that slicing can be implemented without interference to the standard multi‐bunch operation. Spatial and spectral separation of the sub‐picosecond radiation pulse from a hundreds of picosecond‐long background is achieved by virtue of 1:1 imaging of the radiation source. The spectral separation is enhanced when the radiator is a transverse gradient undulator. The proposed configuration applied to the Elettra 2.0 six‐bend achromatic lattice envisages total slicing efficiency as high as 10−7, one order of magnitude larger than the demonstrated state‐of‐the‐art, at the expense of pulse durations as long as 0.4 ps FWHM and average laser power as high as ∼40 W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Four-wave-mixing experiments and beyond: The TIMER/mini-TIMER setups at FERMI.
- Author
-
Foglia, Laura, Bencivenga, Filippo, Mincigrucci, Riccardo, Simoncig, Alberto, Calvi, Andrea, Cucini, Riccardo, Principi, Emiliano, Zangrando, Marco, Mahne, Nicola, Manfredda, Michele, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Pedersoli, Emanuele, Capotondi, Flavio, Kiskinova, Maya, and Masciovecchio, Claudio
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. In situ single-shot diffractive fluence mapping for X-ray free-electron laser pulses.
- Author
-
Schneider, Michael, Pfau, Bastian, Günther, Christian M., Eisebitt, Stefan, Capotondi, Flavio, Manfredda, Michele, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Pedersoli, Emanuele, Naumenko, Denys, Zangrando, Marco, and Mahne, Nicola
- Subjects
DIFFRACTIVE scattering ,X-ray lasers ,FREE electron lasers ,LASER pulses ,ULTRAVIOLET radiation - Abstract
Free-electron lasers (FELs) in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and X-ray regime opened up the possibility for experiments at high power densities, in particular allowing for fluencedependent absorption and scattering experiments to reveal non-linear light-matter interactions at ever shorter wavelengths. Findings of such non-linear effects are met with tremendous interest, but prove difficult to understand and model due to the inherent shot-toshot fluctuations in photon intensity and the often structured, non-Gaussian spatial intensity profile of a focused FEL beam. Presently, the focused beam is characterized and optimized separately from the actual experiment. Here, we present the simultaneous measurement of XUV diffraction signals from solid samples in tandem with the corresponding single-shot spatial fluence distribution on the actual sample. Our in situ characterization scheme enables direct monitoring of the sample illumination, providing a basis to optimize and quantitatively understand FEL experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Timing methodologies and studies at the FERMI free-electron laser.
- Author
-
Mincigrucci, Riccardo, Bencivenga, Filippo, Principi, Emiliano, Capotondi, Flavio, Foglia, Laura, Naumenko, Denys, Simoncig, Alberto, Dal Zilio, Simone, Gessini, Alessandro, Kurdi, Gabor, Mahne, Nicola, Manfredda, Michele, Matruglio, Alessia, Nikolov, Ivaylo, Pedersoli, Emanuele, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Sergo, Rudi, Zangrando, Marco, and Masciovecchio, Claudio
- Subjects
FREE electron lasers ,LIGHT absorption ,FEMTOSECOND lasers ,LASER pulses ,CONDUCTION electrons ,CHEMICAL reactions ,POLAR effects (Chemistry) - Abstract
Time-resolved investigations have begun a new era of chemistry and physics, enabling the monitoring in real time of the dynamics of chemical reactions and matter. Induced transient optical absorption is a basic ultrafast electronic effect, originated by a partial depletion of the valence band, that can be triggered by exposing insulators and semiconductors to sub-picosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses. Besides its scientific and fundamental implications, this process is very important as it is routinely applied in free-electron laser (FEL) facilities to achieve the temporal superposition between FEL and optical laser pulses with tens of femtoseconds accuracy. Here, a set of methodologies developed at the FERMI facility based on ultrafast effects in condensed materials and employed to effectively determine the FEL/laser cross correlation are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. X-ray telescope mirrors from surface profile to point spread function
- Author
-
Raimondi, Lorenzo
- Subjects
x-rays, satellite, mirrors, PSF ,FIS/05 ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA ,satellite ,mirrors ,x-rays ,PSF - Published
- 2012
27. Simbol-X, a formation flight, focusing broad-band X-ray telescope:calibrations and simulations critical issue
- Author
-
Raimondi, Lorenzo
- Published
- 2008
28. Polarization Characterization of Soft X-Ray Radiation at FERMI FEL-2.
- Author
-
Roussel, Eléonore, Allaria, Enrico, Callegari, Carlo, Coreno, Marcello, Cucini, Riccardo, Di Mitri, Simone, Diviacco, Bruno, Ferrari, Eugenio, Finetti, Paola, Gauthier, David, Penco, Giuseppe, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Svetina, Cristian, Zangrando, Marco, Beckmann, Andreas, Glaser, Leif, Hartmann, Gregor, Scholz, Frank, Seltmann, Joern, and Shevchuk, Ivan
- Subjects
X-rays ,X-ray polarization ,FERMI level ,TIME-of-flight spectrometry ,OPTICAL polarization - Abstract
The control of polarization state in soft and hard X-ray light is of crucial interest to probe structural and symmetry properties of matter. Thanks to their Apple-II type undulators, the FERMI-Free Electron Lasers are able to provide elliptical, circular or linearly polarized light within the extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray range. In this paper, we report the characterization of the polarization state of FERMI FEL-2 down to 5 nm. The results show a high degree of polarization of the FEL pulses, typically above 95%. The campaign of measurements was performed at the Low Density Matter beamline using an electron Time-Of-Flight based polarimeter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Dynamics of the MnAs α/β-Striped Microstructure and of the Fe Magnetization Reversal in Fe/MnAs/GaAs(001): An Optical-Laser Pump--Free-Electron-Laser Probe Scattering Experiment.
- Author
-
Vidal, Franck, Lounis, Lounès, Spezzani, Carlo, Ferrari, Eugenio, Delaunay, Renaud, Ciavardini, Alessandra, Popescu, Horia, Eddrief, Mahmoud, Yunlin Zheng, Capotondi, Flavio, Pedersoli, Emanuele, Svetina, Cristian, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Zangrando, Marco, Ivanov, Rosen, Nikolov, Ivaylo, Demidovich, Alexander, Danailov, Miltcho B., De Ninno, Giovanni, and Allaria, Enrico
- Subjects
IRON ,MAGNETIC properties of metals ,MAGNETIZATION ,GALLIUM arsenide ,MANGANESE ,ULTRASHORT laser pulses - Abstract
It was shown recently that the Fe magnetization reversal in the Fe/MnAs/GaAs(001) epitaxial system, attained by temperature control of the regular stripe pattern of the MnAs α-and β-phases, can also be driven by an ultrashort optical laser pulse. In the present time-resolved scattering experiment, we address the dynamics of the MnAs α-β self-organized stripe pattern induced by a 100 fs optical laser pulse, using as a probe the XUV radiation from the FERMI free-electron laser. We observe a loss in the diffraction intensity from the ordered α-β stripes that occurs at two characteristic timescales in the range of ~10
-12 and ~10-10 . We associate the first intensity drop with ultrafast electron-lattice energy exchange processes within the laser-MnAs interaction volume and the second with thermal diffusion towards the MnAs/GaAs interface. With the support of model calculations, the observed dynamics are interpreted in terms of the formation of a laterally homogeneous MnAs overlayer, the thickness of which evolves in time, correlating the MnAs microstructure dynamics with the Fe magnetization response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Element Selective Probe of the Ultra-Fast Magnetic Response to an Element Selective Excitation in Fe-Ni Compounds Using a Two-Color FEL Source.
- Author
-
Ferrari, Eugenio, Spezzani, Carlo, Fortuna, Franck, Delaunay, Renaud, Vidal, Franck, Nikolov, Ivaylo, Cinquegrana, Paolo, Diviacco, Bruno, Gauthier, David, Penco, Giuseppe, Ribič, Primož Rebernik, Roussel, Eléonore, Trovò, Mauro, Moussy, Jean-Baptiste, Pincelli, Tommaso, Lounis, Lounès, Svetina, Cristian, Zangrando, Marco, Mahne, Nicola, and Raimondi, Lorenzo
- Subjects
IRON ,NICKEL compounds ,FREE electron lasers ,KERR electro-optical effect ,ELECTRONIC excitation - Abstract
The potential of the two-color mode implemented at the FERMI free-electron laser (FEL) source for pumping and probing selectively different atomic species has been demonstrated by time-resolved scattering experiments with permalloy (FeNi alloy) and NiFe2O4 samples. We monitored the ultra-fast demagnetization of Ni induced by the pump FEL pulse, by tuning the linearly-polarized FEL probe pulse to the Ni-3p resonance and measuring the scattered intensity in the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect geometry. The measurements were performed by varying the intensity of the FEL pump pulse, tuning its wavelength to and off of the Fe-3p resonance, and by spanning the FEL probe pulse delays across the 300-900 fs range. The obtained results have evidenced that for the case of NiFe2O4, there is a sensible difference in the magnetic response at the Ni site when the pump pulse causes electronic excitations at the Fe site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser FERMI@Elettra.
- Author
-
Zangrando, Marco, Mahne, Nicola, Raimondi, Lorenzo, and Svetina, Cristian
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. DABAM: an open-source database of X-ray mirrors metrology.
- Author
-
del Rio, Manuel Sanchez, Bianchi, Davide, Cocco, Daniele, Glass, Mark, Idir, Mourad, Metz, Jim, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Rebuffi, Luca, Reininger, Ruben, Xianbo Shi, Siewert, Frank, Spielmann-Jaeggi, Sibylle, Takacs, Peter, Tomasset, Muriel, Tonnessen, Tom, Vivo, Amparo, and Yashchuk, Valeriy
- Subjects
OPEN source software ,METROLOGY ,X-ray optics ,COMPUTER software - Abstract
An open-source database containing metrology data for X-ray mirrors is presented. It makes available metrology data (mirror heights and slopes profiles) that can be used with simulation tools for calculating the effects of optical surface errors in the performances of an optical instrument, such as a synchrotron beamline. A typical case is the degradation of the intensity profile at the focal position in a beamline due to mirror surface errors. This database for metrology (DABAM) aims to provide to the users of simulation tools the data of real mirrors. The data included in the database are described in this paper, with details of how the mirror parameters are stored. An accompanying software is provided to allow simple access and processing of these data, calculate the most usual statistical parameters, and also include the option of creating input files for most used simulation codes. Some optics simulations are presented and discussed to illustrate the real use of the profiles from the database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. A novel approach in the free-electron laser diagnosis based on a pixelated phosphor detector.
- Author
-
Matruglio, Alessia, Dal Zilio, Simone, Sergo, Rudi, Mincigrucci, Riccardo, Svetina, Cristian, Principi, Emiliano, Mahne, Nicola, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Turchet, Alessio, Masciovecchio, Claudio, Lazzarino, Marco, Cautero, Giuseppe, and Zangrando, Marco
- Subjects
FREE electron lasers ,DETECTORS ,SOFT X rays - Abstract
A new high-performance method for the free-electron laser (FEL) focused beam diagnosis has been successfully tested at the FERMI FEL in Trieste, Italy. The novel pixelated phosphor detector (PPD) consists of micrometric pixels produced by classical UV lithography and dry etching technique, fabricated on a silicon substrate, arranged in a hexagonal geometry and filled with suitable phosphors. It has been demonstrated that the overall resolution of the system has increased by reducing the diffusion of the light in the phosphors. Various types of PPD have been produced and tested, demonstrating a high resolution in the beam profile and the ability to measure the actual spot size shot-to-shot with an unprecedented resolution. For these reasons, the proposed detector could become a reference technique in the FEL diagnosis field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. MagneDyn: the beamline for magneto dynamics studies at FERMI.
- Author
-
Svetina, Cristian, Mahne, Nicola, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Caretta, Antonio, Casarin, Barbara, Dell'Angela, Martina, Malvestuto, Marco, Parmigiani, Fulvio, and Zangrando, Marco
- Subjects
MAGNETISM ,FREE electron lasers ,X-ray absorption - Abstract
The future Magneto Dynamics (MagneDyn) beamline will be devoted to study the electronic states and the local magnetic properties of excited and transient states of complex systems by means of the time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy technique. The beamline will use FERMI's high-energy source covering the wavelength range from 60 nm down to 1.3 nm. An on-line photon energy spectrometer will allow spectra to be measured with high resolution while delivering most of the beam to the end-stations. Downstream the beam will be possibly split and delayed, by means of a delay line, and then focused with a set of active Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors. These mirrors will be able to focus the radiation in one of the two MagneDyn experimental chambers: the electromagnet end-station and the resonant inelastic X-ray scattering end-station. After an introduction of the MagneDyn scientific case, the layout will be discussed showing the expected performances of the beamline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. PRESTO, the on-line photon energy spectrometer at FERMI: design, features and commissioning results.
- Author
-
Svetina, Cristian, Cocco, Daniele, Mahne, Nicola, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Ferrari, Eugenio, and Zangrando, Marco
- Subjects
FREE electron lasers ,PHOTON emission ,PHOTON beams - Abstract
Measurement of the emission wavelength and the spectral content of the photon radiation is essential information for both machine and experimental physicists at a free-electron laser (FEL) user facility. Knowledge of the photon beam spectral properties is needed during the machine optimization and for performing machine studies ( i.e. monitoring the change of the FEL output as a function of the machine parameters). The experimentalists, on the other hand, need to know the photon beam spectral distribution of the source, shot to shot, to discriminate the acquired data. Consequently, the main requirement for the instrument, supposed to obtain this information, is the capability of working on-line and shot-to-shot, with minimal perturbation of the beam delivered to the experimental stations. Starting from the grating fundamental equations, the conceptual design of the FERMI Pulse-Resolved Energy Spectrometer: Transparent and On-line (PRESTO) is presented, explaining the optical design in detail. The performance of PRESTO, in terms of resolving power, efficiency and spectral response, is also discussed. Finally, some useful features beyond the usual measurement of the energy spectrum are reported, as they have been routinely used by both machine and experimental physicists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The Low Density Matter (LDM) beamline at FERMI: optical layout and first commissioning.
- Author
-
Svetina, Cristian, Grazioli, Cesare, Mahne, Nicola, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Fava, Claudio, Zangrando, Marco, Gerusina, Simone, Alagia, Michele, Avaldi, Lorenzo, Cautero, Giuseppe, de Simone, Monica, Devetta, Michele, Di Fraia, Michele, Drabbels, Marcel, Feyer, Vitaliy, Finetti, Paola, Katzy, Raphael, Kivimäki, Antti, Lyamayev, Viktor, and Mazza, Tommaso
- Subjects
FREE electron lasers ,ATOMIC physics ,MOLECULAR physics ,PHOTON transport theory ,X-rays ,WAVELENGTHS - Abstract
The Low Density Matter (LDM) beamline has been built as part of the FERMI free-electron laser (FEL) facility to serve the atomic, molecular and cluster physics community. After the commissioning phase, it received the first external users at the end of 2012. The design and characterization of the LDM photon transport system is described, detailing the optical components of the beamline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Recent results of PADReS, the Photon Analysis Delivery and REduction System, from the FERMI FEL commissioning and user operations.
- Author
-
Zangrando, Marco, Cocco, Daniele, Fava, Claudio, Gerusina, Simone, Gobessi, Riccardo, Mahne, Nicola, Mazzucco, Eric, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Rumiz, Luca, and Svetina, Cristian
- Subjects
X-ray lasers ,OPTICS -- Methodology ,SPECTRUM analysis ,DETECTORS ,DATA analysis - Abstract
The Photon Analysis Delivery and REduction System of FERMI (PADReS) has been routinely used during the machine commissioning and operations of FERMI since 2011. It has also served the needs of several user runs at the facility from late 2012. The system is endowed with online and shot-to-shot diagnostics giving information about intensity, spatial-angular distribution, spectral content, as well as other diagnostics to determine coherence, pulse length etc. Moreover, PADReS is capable of manipulating the beam in terms of intensity and optical parameters. Regarding the optics, besides a standard refocusing system based on an ellipsoidal mirror, the Kirkpatrick-Baez active optics systems are key elements and have been used intensively to meet users' requirements. A general description of the system is given, together with some selected results from the commissioning/operations/user beam time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Multipurpose end-station for coherent diffraction imaging and scattering at FERMI@Elettra free-electron laser facility.
- Author
-
Capotondi, Flavio, Pedersoli, Emanuele, Bencivenga, Filippo, Manfredda, Michele, Mahne, Nicola, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Svetina, Cristian, Zangrando, Marco, Demidovich, Alexander, Nikolov, Ivaylo, Danailov, Miltcho, Masciovecchio, Claudio, and Kiskinova, Maya
- Subjects
DIFFRACTION patterns ,GRAPHICAL projection ,COHERENT radiation ,FERMI energy ,SOFT X rays - Abstract
The Diffraction and Projection Imaging (DiProI) beamline at FERMI, the Elettra free-electron laser (FEL), hosts a multi-purpose station that has been opened to users since the end of 2012. This paper describes the core capabilities of the station, designed to make use of the unique features of the FERMI-FEL for performing a wide range of static and dynamic scattering experiments. The various schemes for time-resolved experiments, employing both soft X-ray FEL and seed laser IR radiation are presented by using selected recent results. The ongoing upgrade is adding a reflection geometry setup for scattering experiments, expanding the application fields by providing both high lateral and depth resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. X-ray beam-shaping via deformable mirrors: Analytical computation of the required mirror profile.
- Author
-
Spiga, Daniele, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Svetina, Cristian, and Zangrando, Marco
- Subjects
- *
OPTICAL mirrors , *DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) , *PROFILOMETER , *X-ray telescopes , *SYNCHROTRON radiation , *SURFACE roughness , *FREE electron lasers - Abstract
Abstract: X-ray mirrors with high focusing performances are in use in both mirror modules for X-ray telescopes and in synchrotron and FEL (Free Electron Laser) beamlines. A degradation of the focus sharpness arises in general from geometrical deformations and surface roughness, the former usually described by geometrical optics and the latter by physical optics. In general, technological developments are aimed at a very tight focusing, which requires the mirror profile to comply with the nominal shape as much as possible and to keep the roughness at a negligible level. However, a deliberate deformation of the mirror can be made to endow the focus with a desired size and distribution, via piezo actuators as done at the EIS-TIMEX beamline of FERMI@Elettra. The resulting profile can be characterized with a Long Trace Profilometer and correlated with the expected optical quality via a wavefront propagation code. However, if the roughness contribution can be neglected, the computation can be performed via a ray-tracing routine, and, under opportune assumptions, the focal spot profile (the Point Spread Function, PSF) can even be predicted analytically. The advantage of this approach is that the analytical relation can be reversed; i.e., from the desired PSF the required mirror profile can be computed easily, thereby avoiding the use of complex and time-consuming numerical codes. The method can also be suited in the case of spatially inhomogeneous beam intensities, as commonly experienced at synchrotrons and FELs. In this work we expose the analytical method and the application to the beam shaping problem. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Coherent Soft X-Ray pulses from an Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation Free-Electron Laser
- Author
-
Rebernik Ribič, Primož, Abrami, Alessandro, Badano, Laura, Bossi, Maurizio, Braun, Hans-Heinrich, Bruchon, Niky, Capotondi, Flavio, Castronovo, Davide, Cautero, Marco, Cinquegrana, Paolo, Coreno, Marcello, Couprie, Marie Emmanuelle, Cudin, Ivan, Boyanov Danailov, Miltcho, De Ninno, Giovanni, Demidovich, Alexander, Di Mitri, Simone, Diviacco, Bruno, Fawley, William M., Feng, Chao, Ferianis, Mario, Ferrari, Eugenio, Foglia, Laura, Frassetto, Fabio, Gaio, Giulio, Garzella, David, Ghaith, Amin, Giacuzzo, Fabio, Giannessi, Luca, Grattoni, Vanessa, Grulja, Sandi, Hemsing, Erik, Iazzourene, Fatma, Kurdi, Gabor, Lonza, Marco, Mahne, Nicola, Malvestuto, Marco, Manfredda, Michele, Masciovecchio, Claudio, Miotti, Paolo, Mirian, Najmeh S., Petrov Nikolov, Ivaylo, Penco, Giuseppe Maria, Penn, Gregory, Poletto, Luca, Pop, Mihai, Prat, Eduard, Principi, Emiliano, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Reiche, Sven, Roussel, Eléonore, Sauro, Roberto, Scafuri, Claudio, Sigalotti, Paolo, Spampinati, Simone, Spezzani, Carlo, Sturari, Luca, Svandrlik, Michele, Tanikawa, Takanori, Trovó, Mauro, Veronese, Marco, Vivoda, Davide, Xiang, Dao, Zaccaria, Maurizio, Zangrando, Dino, Zangrando, Marco, and Allaria, Enrico Massimiliano
- Subjects
7. Clean energy - Abstract
Nature photonics 13(8), 555 - 561 (2019). doi:10.1038/s41566-019-0427-1, X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs), which amplify light emitted by a relativistic electron beam, are extending nonlinear optical techniquesto shorter wavelengths, adding element specificity by exciting and probing electronic transitions from core levels. Thesetechniques would benefit tremendously from having a stable FEL source, generating spectrally pure and wavelength-tunable pulses.We show that such requirements can be met by operating the FEL in the so-called echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) configuration.Here, two external conventional lasers are used to precisely tailor the longitudinal phase space of the electron beambefore emission of X-rays. We demonstrate high-gain EEHG lasing producing stable, intense, nearly fully coherent pulses at wavelengthsas short as 5.9 nm (~211 eV) at the FERMI FEL user facility. Low sensitivity to electron-beam imperfections and observationof stable, narrow-band, coherent emission down to 2.6 nm (~474 eV) make the technique a prime candidate for generatinglaser-like pulses in the X-ray spectral region, opening the door to multidimensional coherent spectroscopies at short wavelengths., Published by Nature Publ. Group, London [u.a.]
41. Corrigendum: X-ray holography with a customizable reference.
- Author
-
Martin, Andrew V., D'Alfonso, Adrian J., Wang, Fenglin, Bean, Richard, Capotondi, Flavio, Kirian, Richard A., Pedersoli, Emanuele, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Stellato, Francesco, Yoon, Chun Hong, and Chapman, Henry N.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. X-ray holography with a customizable reference.
- Author
-
Martin, Andrew V., D'Alfonso, Adrian J., Wang, Fenglin, Bean, Richard, Capotondi, Flavio, Kirian, Richard A., Pedersoli, Emmanuele, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Stellato, Francesco, Yoon, Chun Hong, and Chapman, Henry N.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Ultrafast Adsorbate Excitation Probed with Subpicosecond-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
- Author
-
Denys Naumenko, Filippo Cavalca, Jörgen Gladh, Piter S. Miedema, Elias Diesen, Martina Dell'Angela, Fivos Perakis, Luca Giannessi, Hirohito Ogasawara, Boyang Liu, Tony F. Heinz, Jerry LaRue, Lorenzo Raimondi, Frank Abild-Pedersen, Roberto Costantini, Ivaylo Nikolov, Martin Beye, Emanuele Pedersoli, Sergey Koroidov, Carlo Spezzani, Matthew Weston, Simon Schreck, Flavio Capotondi, Hsin-Yi Wang, Anders Nilsson, Alan C. Luntz, Johannes Voss, Diesen, Elia, Wang, Hsin-Yi, Schreck, Simon, Weston, Matthew, Ogasawara, Hirohito, Larue, Jerry, Perakis, Fivo, Dell'Angela, Martina, Capotondi, Flavio, Giannessi, Luca, Pedersoli, Emanuele, Naumenko, Deny, Nikolov, Ivaylo, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Spezzani, Carlo, Beye, Martin, Cavalca, Filippo, Liu, Boyang, Gladh, Jörgen, Koroidov, Sergey, Miedema, Piter S, Costantini, Roberto, Heinz, Tony F, Abild-Pedersen, Frank, Voss, Johanne, Luntz, Alan C, and Nilsson, Anders
- Subjects
Reactions at surfaces ,education.field_of_study ,Materials science ,Absorption spectroscopy ,Reactions at surface ,Population ,Time evolution ,General Physics and Astronomy ,X-ray absorption spectroscopy ,Ultrafast phenomena ,Laser ,dynamics & catalysis ,law.invention ,Vibronic coupling ,law ,Chemical kineticsM, dynamics & catalysi ,Picosecond ,ddc:530 ,Chemical kineticsM, dynamics & catalysis ,Atomic physics ,education ,Ultrashort pulse ,Excitation ,Chemical kineticsM - Abstract
Physical review letters 127(1), 016802 (2021). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.016802, We use a pump-probe scheme to measure the time evolution of the C K-edge x-ray absorption spectrum from CO/Ru(0001) after excitation by an ultrashort high-intensity optical laser pulse. Because of the short duration of the x-ray probe pulse and precise control of the pulse delay, the excitation-induced dynamics during the first picosecond after the pump can be resolved with unprecedented time resolution. By comparing with density functional theory spectrum calculations, we find high excitation of the internal stretch and frustrated rotation modes occurring within 200 fs of laser excitation, as well as thermalization of the system in the picosecond regime. The ���100 fs initial excitation of these CO vibrational modes is not readily rationalized by traditional theories of nonadiabatic coupling of adsorbates to metal surfaces, e.g., electronic frictions based on first order electron-phonon coupling or transient population of adsorbate resonances. We suggest that coupling of the adsorbate to nonthermalized electron-hole pairs is responsible for the ultrafast initial excitation of the modes., Published by APS, College Park, Md.
- Published
- 2021
44. Time-resolved observation of transient precursor state of CO on Ru(0001) using carbon K-edge spectroscopy
- Author
-
Carlo Spezzani, Boyang Liu, Sergey Koroidov, Matthew Weston, Denys Naumenko, Lars G. M. Pettersson, Ivaylo Nikolov, Filippo Cavalca, Hsin-Yi Wang, Anders Nilsson, Chang Liu, Simon Schreck, Fivos Perakis, Lorenzo Raimondi, Flavio Capotondi, Piter S. Miedema, Jörgen Gladh, Luca Giannessi, Hirohito Ogasawara, Roberto Costantini, Emanuele Pedersoli, Martin Beye, Martina Dell'Angela, Jerry LaRue, Wang, Hsin-Yi, Schreck, Simon, Weston, Matthew, Liu, Chang, Ogasawara, Hirohito, Larue, Jerry, Perakis, Fivo, Dell'Angela, Martina, Capotondi, Flavio, Giannessi, Luca, Pedersoli, Emanuele, Naumenko, Deny, Nikolov, Ivaylo, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Spezzani, Carlo, Beye, Martin, Cavalca, Filippo, Liu, Boyang, Gladh, Jörgen, Koroidov, Sergey, Miedema, Piter S, Costantini, Roberto, Pettersson, Lars G M, and Nilsson, Anders
- Subjects
Materials science ,CO precursor state ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,Electronic structure ,Laser pumping ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Spectral line ,Catalysis ,Catalysi ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Desorption ,0103 physical sciences ,Molecule ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Physics::Chemical Physics ,010306 general physics ,Spectroscopy ,Pump-probe spectroscopy ,Free-electron laser ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,chemistry ,Absorption (chemistry) ,0210 nano-technology ,Carbon monoxide - Abstract
The transient dynamics of carbon monoxide (CO) molecules on a Ru(0001) surface following femtosecond optical laser pump excitation has been studied by monitoring changes in the unoccupied electronic structure using an ultrafast X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) probe. The particular symmetry of perpendicularly chemisorbed CO on the surface is exploited to investigate how the molecular orientation changes with time by varying the polarization of the FEL pulses. The time evolution of spectral features corresponding to the desorption precursor state was well distinguished due to the narrow line-width of the C K-edge in the X-ray absorption (XA) spectrum, illustrating that CO molecules in the precursor state rotated freely and resided on the surface for several picoseconds. Most of the CO molecules trapped in the precursor state ultimately cooled back down to the chemisorbed state, while we estimate that similar to 14.5 +/- 4.9% of the molecules in the precursor state desorbed into the gas phase. It was also observed that chemisorbed CO molecules diffused over the metal surface from on-top sites toward highly coordinated sites. In addition, a new "vibrationally hot precursor" state was identified in the polarization-dependent XA spectra.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. X-ray scattering of periodic and graded multilayers: Comparison of experiments to simulations from surface microroughness characterization.
- Author
-
Salmaso, Bianca, Spiga, Daniele, Canestrari, Rodolfo, and Raimondi, Lorenzo
- Subjects
- *
X-ray scattering , *MULTILAYERS , *COMPUTER simulation , *SURFACE roughness , *X-ray optics , *REFLECTANCE , *SURFACE coatings , *CRITICAL angle (Optics) - Abstract
Abstract: To enhance the reflectivity of X-ray mirrors beyond the critical angle, multilayer coatings are required. Interface imperfections in the multilayer growth process are known to cause non-specular scattering and degrade the mirror optical performance; therefore, it is important to predict the amount of X-ray scattering from the rough topography of the outer surface of the coating, which can be directly measured, e.g., with an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). This kind of characterization, combined with X-ray reflectivity measurements to assess the deep multilayer stack structure, can be used to model the layer roughening during the growth process via a well-known roughness evolution model. In this work, X-ray scattering measurements are performed and compared with simulations obtained from the modeled interfacial Power Spectral Densities (PSDs) and the modeled Crossed Spectral Densities for all the couples of interfaces. We already used this approach in a previous work for periodic multilayers; we now show how this method can be extended to graded multilayers. The upgraded code is validated for both periodic and graded multilayers, with a good accord between experimental data and model findings. Doing this, different kinds of defects observed in AFM scans are included in the PSD analysis. The subsequent data-model comparison enables us to recognize them as surface contamination or interfacial defects that contribute to the X-ray scattering of the multilayer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The Low Density Matter (LDM) beamline at FERMI: optical layout and first commissioning
- Author
-
C. Fava, M. Devetta, R. Katzy, Vitaliy Feyer, Viktor Lyamayev, Lorenzo Avaldi, R. Sergo, Monica de Simone, Stefano Stranges, Paola Finetti, Y. Ovcharenko, Simone Gerusina, Cristian Svetina, Michele Di Fraia, Michele Alagia, Cesare Grazioli, Kevin C. Prince, Lorenzo Raimondi, Thomas Möller, Frank Stienkemeier, Marcel Drabbels, Oksana Plekan, Marco Zangrando, A. Moise, Antti Kivimäki, Nicola Mahne, Paolo Piseri, Patrick O'Keeffe, Tommaso Mazza, Carlo Callegari, Marcello Coreno, Giuseppe Cautero, Svetina, Cristian, Grazioli, Cesare, Mahne, Nicola, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Fava, Claudio, Zangrando, Marco, Gerusina, Simone, Alagia, Michele, Avaldi, Lorenzo, Cautero, Giuseppe, de Simone, Monica, Devetta, Michele, DI FRAIA, Michele, Drabbels, Marcel, Feyer, Vitaliy, Finetti, Paola, Katzy, Raphael, Kivimäki, Antti, Lyamayev, Viktor, Mazza, Tommaso, Moise, Angelica, Möller, Thoma, O'Keeffe, Patrick, Ovcharenko, Yevheniy, Piseri, Paolo, Plekan, Oksana, Prince, Kevin C., Sergo, Rudi, Stienkemeier, Frank, Stranges, Stefano, Coreno, Marcello, and Callegari, Carlo
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Photon ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,beamline ,free-electron laser ,low-density matter ,metrology Special issue on X-ray Free-Electron Lasers ,photon transport ,Instrumentation ,Radiation ,Physics::Medical Physics ,Phase (waves) ,free electron laser ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Optics ,metrology Special issue on X-ray Free-Electron Laser ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,ddc:550 ,molecules ,clusters ,FERMI project ,010306 general physics ,Free-Electron Lasers ,Nuclear and High Energy Physic ,Physics ,Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases ,atoms ,business.industry ,Free-electron laser ,fase gassosa ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,Metrology ,metrology ,Beamline ,ddc:540 ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope - Abstract
A description of the LDM beamline of FERMI is given, with a detailed description of the photon transport., The Low Density Matter (LDM) beamline has been built as part of the FERMI free-electron laser (FEL) facility to serve the atomic, molecular and cluster physics community. After the commissioning phase, it received the first external users at the end of 2012. The design and characterization of the LDM photon transport system is described, detailing the optical components of the beamline.
- Published
- 2015
47. Control of the Polarization of a Vacuum-Ultraviolet, High-Gain, Free-Electron Laser
- Author
-
Joern Seltmann, Jens Buck, Miltcho B. Danailov, Cesare Grazioli, Jens Viefhaus, David Gauthier, W. M. Fawley, P. Rebernik, Eugenio Ferrari, Giuseppe Penco, P. Gessler, Luca Giannessi, Marco Zangrando, Simone Di Mitri, Guillaume Lambert, Paola Finetti, Oksana Plekan, Giovanni De Ninno, Antti Kivimäki, Alberto De Fanis, Enrico Allaria, Michael Meyer, Bruno Diviacco, Flavio Capotondi, Stefan Moeller, Philippe Zeitoun, Markus Ilchen, Jan Lüning, Frank Scholz, Alexander Demidovich, André Knie, Lorenzo Raimondi, Boris Vodungbo, Nicola Mahne, Jan Grünert, Mauro Trovò, Julien Gautier, Tommaso Mazza, Barbara Ressel, Benoît Mahieu, Emanuele Pedersoli, A. Abrami, Ivaylo Nikolov, Cristian Svetina, Carlo Callegari, Marcello Coreno, Leif Glaser, Carlo Spezzani, Sincrotrone Trieste, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratorio TASC, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), School of Applied Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Laboratoire de Sociologie et d'Anthropologie - UFC (EA 3189) (LASA), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNR Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Synchrotron ELETTRA, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Infectious Diseases, Ospedali Galliera, EDF (EDF), CNR-IMIP, CNR-IOM, Institute for Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products, German Weather Service, European XFEL GmbH, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University [Sendai], Institute of Physics and CINSaT, University of Kassel, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research [Minneapolis] (CMRR), University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, NEST-INFM (INFM), Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche [Modena], Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Medical Research Council (MRC)-School of Medicine [Cardiff], Institute of Medical Genetics [Cardiff]-Cardiff University-Institute of Medical Genetics [Cardiff]-Cardiff University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille ( CRCM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), National Institute for Nuclear Physics ( INFN ), Laboratoire de Sociologie et d'Anthropologie - UFC (EA 3189) ( LASA ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée ( LOA ), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées ( Univ. Paris-Saclay, ENSTA ParisTech ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali ( IOM ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste, EDF ( EDF ), Center for Magnetic Resonance Research [Minneapolis] ( CMRR ), NEST-INFM ( INFM ), Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University-Medical Research Council (MRC), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement ( LCPMR ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] ( ENEA ), Giannessi, L., Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Laboratorio TASC (IOM CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratory of Quantum Optics, Dipartimento di Fisica [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, European XFEL Gmbh, Stanford Pulse Institute, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Nanotechnology, Instituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Allaria, Enrico, Diviacco, Bruno, Callegari, Carlo, Finetti, Paola, Mahieu, Benoît, Viefhaus, Jen, Zangrando, Marco, DE NINNO, Giovanni, Lambert, Guillaume, Ferrari, Eugenio, Buck, Jen, Ilchen, Marku, Vodungbo, Bori, Mahne, Nicola, Svetina, Cristian, Spezzani, Carlo, Di Mitri, Simone, Penco, Giuseppe, Trovò, Mauro, Fawley, William M., Rebernik, Primoz R., Gauthier, David, Grazioli, Cesare, Coreno, Marcello, Ressel, Barbara, Kivimäki, Antti, Mazza, Tommaso, Glaser, Leif, Scholz, Frank, Seltmann, Joern, Gessler, Patrick, Grünert, Jan, De Fanis, Alberto, Meyer, Michael, Knie, André, Moeller, Stefan P., Raimondi, Lorenzo, Capotondi, Flavio, Pedersoli, Emanuele, Plekan, Oksana, Danailov, Miltcho B., Demidovich, Alexander, Nikolov, Ivaylo, Abrami, Alessandro, Gautier, Julien, Lüning, Jan, Zeitoun, Philippe, Giannessi, Luca, Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut Paoli-Calmettes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Sociologie et d'Anthropologie - UFC ( LASA ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
- Subjects
Particles and field ,QC1-999 ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph] ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Radiation ,law.invention ,Physics and Astronomy (all) ,Optics ,law ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph] ,ddc:530 ,[ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph] ,Photonics ,Particles and fields ,Interdisciplinary physics ,Physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Interdisciplinary physic ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics] ,[ PHYS ] Physics [physics] ,[ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics] ,business.industry ,Free-electron laser ,Photonic ,Polarimeter ,[ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph] ,Polarization (waves) ,Laser ,Wavelength ,business ,Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope - Abstract
International audience; The two single-pass, externally seeded free-electron lasers (FELs) of the FERMI user facility are designed around Apple-II-type undulators that can operate at arbitrary polarization in the vacuum ultraviolet-to-soft x-ray spectral range. Furthermore, within each FEL tuning range, any output wavelength and polarization can be set in less than a minute of routine operations. We report the first demonstration of the full output polarization capabilities of FERMI FEL-1 in a campaign of experiments where the wavelength and nominal polarization are set to a series of representative values, and the polarization of the emitted intense pulses is thoroughly characterized by three independent instruments and methods, expressly developed for the task. The measured radiation polarization is consistently >90% and is not significantly spoiled by the transport optics; differing, relative transport losses for horizontal and vertical polarization become more prominent at longer wavelengths and lead to a non-negligible ellipticity for an originally circularly polarized state. The results from the different polarimeter setups validate each other, allow a cross-calibration of the instruments, and constitute a benchmark for user experiments.
- Published
- 2014
48. Two-colour generation in a chirped seeded free-electron laser: a close look
- Author
-
William M. Fawley, Cristian Svetina, Luca Giannessi, Marco Zangrando, M. B. Danailov, Giuseppe Penco, M. Trovo, S. Di Mitri, D. Castronovo, C. Spezzani, Enrico Allaria, Lars Fröhlich, Benoît Mahieu, Lorenzo Raimondi, D. Gauthier, Simone Spampinati, Alexander Demidovich, Eugenio Ferrari, Nicola Mahne, G. De Ninno, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules (SPAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA), Graduate School of Nanotechnology, Università degli studi di Trieste, CNR Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile = Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Mahieu, Benoît, Allaria, Enrico, Castronovo, Davide, Danailov, Miltcho B., Demidovich, Alexander, DE NINNO, Giovanni, Di Mitri, Simone, Fawley, William M., Ferrari, Eugenio, Fröhlich, Lar, Gauthier, David, Giannessi, Luca, Mahne, Nicola, Penco, Giuseppe, Raimondi, Lorenzo, Spampinati, Simone, Spezzani, Carlo, Svetina, Cristian, Trovò, Mauro, Zangrando, Marco, and Giannessi, L.
- Subjects
Free-electron lasers (FELs) ,OCIS: 140.2600, 320.1590, 320.5540 ,Materials science ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph] ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Lasers and laser optics ,law.invention ,Ultrafast optics ,010309 optics ,Optics ,Light source ,law ,Atomic and Molecular Physics ,0103 physical sciences ,Chirp ,010306 general physics ,Range (particle radiation) ,Pulse shaping ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics] ,business.industry ,Free-electron laser ,Laser ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Seeding ,and Optics ,business - Abstract
We present the experimental demonstration of a method for generating two spectrally and temporally separated pulses by an externally seeded, single-pass free-electron laser operating in the extreme-ultraviolet spectral range. Our results, collected on the FERMI@Elettra facility and confirmed by numerical simulations, demonstrate the possibility of controlling both the spectral and temporal features of the generated pulses. A free-electron laser operated in this mode becomes a suitable light source for jitter-free, two-colour pump-probe experiments. (c) 2013 Optical Society of America
- Published
- 2013
49. Wave packet dynamics and control in excited states of molecular nitrogen.
- Author
-
Fushitani M, Fujise H, Hishikawa A, You D, Saito S, Luo Y, Ueda K, Ibrahim H, Légaré F, Pratt ST, Eng-Johnsson P, Mauritsson J, Olofsson A, Peschel J, Simpson ER, Carpeggiani PA, Ertel D, Maroju PK, Moioli M, Sansone G, Shah R, Csizmadia T, Dumergue M, Nandiga Gopalakrishna H, Kühn S, Callegari C, Danailov M, Demidovich A, Raimondi L, Zangrando M, De Ninno G, Di Fraia M, Giannessi L, Plekan O, Rebernik Ribic P, and Prince KC
- Abstract
Wave packet interferometry with vacuum ultraviolet light has been used to probe a complex region of the electronic spectrum of molecular nitrogen, N2. Wave packets of Rydberg and valence states were excited by using double pulses of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), free-electron-laser (FEL) light. These wave packets were composed of contributions from multiple electronic states with a moderate principal quantum number (n ∼ 4-9) and a range of vibrational and rotational quantum numbers. The phase relationship of the two FEL pulses varied in time, but as demonstrated previously, a shot-by-shot analysis allows the spectra to be sorted according to the phase between the two pulses. The wave packets were probed by angle-resolved photoionization using an infrared pulse with a variable delay after the pair of excitation pulses. The photoelectron branching fractions and angular distributions display oscillations that depend on both the time delays and the relative phases of the VUV pulses. The combination of frequency, time delay, and phase selection provides significant control over the ionization process and ultimately improves the ability to analyze and assign complex molecular spectra., (© 2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Atom-Specific Probing of Electron Dynamics in an Atomic Adsorbate by Time-Resolved X-Ray Spectroscopy.
- Author
-
Schreck S, Diesen E, Dell'Angela M, Liu C, Weston M, Capotondi F, Ogasawara H, LaRue J, Costantini R, Beye M, Miedema PS, Halldin Stenlid J, Gladh J, Liu B, Wang HY, Perakis F, Cavalca F, Koroidov S, Amann P, Pedersoli E, Naumenko D, Nikolov I, Raimondi L, Abild-Pedersen F, Heinz TF, Voss J, Luntz AC, and Nilsson A
- Abstract
The electronic excitation occurring on adsorbates at ultrafast timescales from optical lasers that initiate surface chemical reactions is still an open question. Here, we report the ultrafast temporal evolution of x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) of a simple well-known adsorbate prototype system, namely carbon (C) atoms adsorbed on a nickel [Ni(100)] surface, following intense laser optical pumping at 400 nm. We observe ultrafast (∼100 fs) changes in both XAS and XES showing clear signatures of the formation of a hot electron-hole pair distribution on the adsorbate. This is followed by slower changes on a few picoseconds timescale, shown to be consistent with thermalization of the complete C/Ni system. Density functional theory spectrum simulations support this interpretation.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.