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Abstract The reproductive process in Octopus maya was analyzed to establish the amount of reactive oxygen species that the embryos inherit from females, during yolk synthesis. At the same time, respiratory metabolism, ROS production, and the expression of some genes of the antioxidant system were monitored to understand the ability of embryos to neutralize maternal ROS and those produced during development. The results indicate that carbonylated proteins and peroxidized lipids (LPO) were transferred from females to the embryos, presumably derived from the metabolic processes carried out during yolk synthesis in the ovary. Along with ROS, females also transferred to embryos glutathione (GSH), a key element of the antioxidant defense system, thus facilitating the neutralization of inherited ROS and those produced during development. Embryos are capable of neutralizing ROS thanks to the early expression of genes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), which give rise to the synthesis of enzymes when the circulatory system is activated. Also, it was observed that the levels of the routine metabolic rate of embryos are almost as high as those of the maximum activity metabolism, which leads, on the one hand, to the elevated production of ROS and suggests that, at this stage of the life cycle in octopuses, energy production is maximum and is physically limited by the biological properties inherent to the structure of embryonic life (oxygen transfer through the chorion, gill surface, pumping capacity, etc.). Due to its role in regulating vascularization, a high expression of HIf-1A during organogenesis suggests that circulatory system development has begun in this phase of embryo development. The results indicate that the routine metabolic rate and the ability of O. maya embryos to neutralize the ROS are probably the maximum possible. Under such circumstances, embryos cannot generate more energy to combat the free radicals produced by their metabolism, even when environmental factors such as high temperatures or contaminants could demand excess energy.

Abstract Acquired perforating dermatosis (APD) is a disorder of transepidermal elimination of keratin, collagen or elastic fibers. APD is mainly associated with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. We present the case of a 66‐year‐old male, poorly controlled diabetic with peripheral arterial disease, obesity, arterial hypertension, Cushing's syndrome and chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis who develops an acquired perforating dermatosis. Due to the patient's comorbidities, treatment with corticosteroids, cyclosporine and phototherapy is not possible. He does not respond to gabapentinoids or allopurinol. The outbreaks of skin lesions and pruritus were accentuated in situations of renal function deterioration; however, hemodialysis did not improve her dermatosis, causing a great deterioration of her quality of life. It was decided to start treatment with dupilumab with the dosage used in atopic dermatitis, achieving a complete response of both pruritus and skin lesions. With this case, we want to show how dupilumab can be an effective tool to treat acquired perforating dermatosis.

Las quemas controladas son comúnmente utilizadas por los agricultores en tierras de vocación forestal para la limpieza del terreno previo al establecimiento de cultivos agrícolas. El presente trabajo experimental tuvo como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento del fuego en quemas controladas en tierras de vocación forestal en la comuna Sancán, provincia de Manabí, Ecuador. Se delimitaron 10 parcelas de 1,18 x 5 m en hileras de combustible y tres parcelas de 20 x 50 m en combustibles dispersos. Durante la quema se midieron las variables temperatura del aire, humedad relativa y velocidad del viento a 0,50 metros de altura del suelo y a más de 3,00 m de distancia del extremo de la parcela por donde se inició el fuego. El material combustible se caracterizó considerando peso, espesura y contenido de humedad antes de la quema. Los parámetros del comportamiento del fuego evaluados fueron velocidad de propagación, intensidad lineal del fuego, alturas de las llamas, altura de secado letal y calor liberado por unidad de área. El comportamiento del fuego mostró valores medios superiores para todos los parámetros en las parcelas ubicadas en las hileras de combustible, excepto para el caso de la velocidad de propagación. Además, en esas parcelas los valores de la desviación estándar obtenidos para cada variable indican mayor dispersión de los datos con respecto a la media lo cual supone un comportamiento del fuego menos homogéneo en sentido general. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser utilizados para fundamentar el uso responsable del fuego en tierras de vocación forestal.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disease reaching pandemic levels worldwide. In parallel, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the two leading causes of dementia in an increasingly long-living Western society. Numerous epidemiological studies support the role of T2D as a risk factor for the development of dementia. However, few basic science studies have focused on the possible mechanisms involved in this relationship. On the other hand, this review of the literature also aims to explore the relationship between T2D, AD and VaD. The data found show that there are several alterations in the central nervous system that may be promoting the development of T2D. In addition, there are some mechanisms by which T2D may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD or VaD.

Resumen Este trabajo analiza la modernización militar de Antonio Guzmán Blanco a través de las operaciones de la Campaña de Coro, norte de Venezuela, entre 1874 y 1875. La consulta de fuentes de archivo evidencia que hubo una introducción de innovaciones en el Estado Mayor, en la logística y en la sanidad militar. En suma, las fuerzas constitucionales pasaron de la conducción de divisiones pequeña a Cuerpos de Ejército permanentes, de mayor número y mejor dotación en organización y armamento, lo que permitió a Guzmán Blanco consolidarse en el poder por dieciocho años (1870-1888).

Background and Aim: Brucellosis, paratuberculosis (PTb), and infections caused by small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV), formerly known as caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV), adversely affect goat production systems. Nonetheless, commonly used diagnostic tests can only determine one analyte at a time, increasing disease surveillance costs, and limiting their routine use. This study aimed to design and validate a multiplex assay for antibody detection against these three diseases simultaneously. Materials and Methods: Two recombinant proteins from the SRLV (p16 and gp38), the native hapten of Brucella melitensis, and the paratuberculosis-protoplasmic antigen 3 from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) were used to devise and assess a multiplex assay. Conditions for the Luminex® multiplex test were established and validated by sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, and reproducibility parameters. Cut-off points for each antigen were also established. Results: The 3-plex assay had high sensitivity (84%) and specificity (95%). The maximum coefficients of variation were 23.8% and 20.5% for negative and positive control samples, respectively. The p16 and gp38 SRLV antigens are 97% and 95%, similar to the CAEV sequence found in GenBank, respectively. Conclusion: The multiplex test can be effectively used for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against SRLV, MAP and B. melitensis in goats.

Human foreskin fibroblasts are directly reprogrammed into insulin-producing cells using 5 pancreatic transcription factors, without pluripotency induction.

Knowledge of the soil water balance is fundamental for improving crop water use in agricultural fields. Estimates are normally for representative and homogeneous areas where the variability of soil properties is neglected. However, this variability significantly impacts soil water dynamics at the field scale. In this study, the MOHID-Land distributed process-based model was used to compute the spatially explicit soil water dynamics in a 22.6-ha almond field located in southern Portugal. An electromagnetic induction survey was first performed to obtain electromagnetic images of the real soil conductivity in depth, which were related to soil texture. Then, pedotransfer functions were used to convert soil texture into soil hydraulic data. MOHID-Land results included maps of the spatial distribution of soil water contents, actual crop transpiration, actual soil evaporation, percolation below the rootzone, and surface runoff. These allowed identifying preferential flow pathways as well as the main control factors influencing soil water dynamics at the field scale. Some development needs were identified, and overcoming them would enhance the significance of contributions such as this study to the field of precision agriculture.

Las alternativas asociadas a la generación de ingresos económicos en comunidades rurales nacen de la utilización de los Productos Forestales No Maderables. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar el aprovechamiento y las potencialidades de usos de Carludovica palmata Ruiz & Pav. como producto forestal no maderable en la comunidad Pile, Cantón Montecristi. Se realizaron entrevistas para indagar sobre los usos de la especie, ubicación, época y objeto de cosecha; para analizar aspectos ecológicos, incluyendo la diversidad de especies, la densidad poblacional y otros atributos relevantes que caracterizan a las comunidades de palmas se establecieron transectos de 5 m de ancho por 100 m de longitud (500 m²). La categoría de artesanías resultó la más importante con 167 citaciones (97,66 %). La parte de la planta que más utilizan es la hoja; los sombreros son los productos más fabricados con paja toquilla (166 citaciones); los tejidos gruesos y finos son los más usados (79 y 83 citaciones), respectivamente. Entre los aspectos que influyen en la calidad de los productos resaltan el estado de maduración de la paja toquilla y la época del año, 110 y 55 citaciones, respectivamente; el 90,29 % de los entrevistados afirmaron que el aprovechamiento de Carludovica palmata es bajo y que solo utilizan la yema terminal del tallo para confeccionar artesanías. La perspectiva sobre la abundancia de la especie es muy baja, sin embargo, la información obtenida en los transectos reveló 2 503 individuos/ha, lo que refleja la carencia de prácticas de manejo silvicultural donde habita Carludovica palmata en la comunidad Pile. La especie Carludovica palmata no es aprovechada y manejada adecuadamente, sus potencialidades de usos son limitadas.

The use of fire by agricultural producers is a common practice that has been used since immemorial times in most countries of the world. The objective of this study was to diagnose the traditional uses of fire in the agricultural activities of the Convento parish, Chone canton, Manabí, Ecuador. The information that forms the diagnosis was obtained by applying a semi-structured survey with open and closed questions to 70 rural producers from the Gaspar site in the Convento parish during the months of October and November 2020. The statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS program (Version 22.0). The results show that the use of fire in the locality is common and that the majority always burn in the same places. Although they proposed not to burn on specific dates, December was the month most frequently mentioned, with the average burned area being 1.82 ha. The most important purposes of the use of fire in the locality were the burning of agricultural crop residues and the clearing of land for sowing or planting. Building gaps around the area to be burned and to observing the speed and direction of the wind were the main prevention measures taken into account in the locality where fire is used. The perception of the producers about the negative effects caused by the fire could be described as very high, since all the respondents said that the fire damages the soil and the environment. The results can be used by decision makers in the field of fire management.

La presente investigación consiste en desarrollar un despliegue DevSecOps que resuelve la necesidad de automatizar de una manera óptima y segura, mediante la utilización de las buenas prácticas DevSecOps. El proceso consiste en que el código implementado de un proyecto con un Framework Laravel se versiona en un repositorio Git y se genere a partir de la rama principal una imagen de contenedor, la misma que se desplegará de manera automática en un clúster de Kubernetes con el uso de flujo de acciones. Así pues, para generar procesos de despliegue de aplicaciones web de una manera segura y rápida, reduciendo procesos de errores o conflictos de versiones, permitiendo procesos de reverso de cambios. Para el uso de las funcionalidades de las diferentes plataformas se utilizan repositorios privados, de esta manera el proyecto publicado se implementará de manera segura. Para el trabajo automatizado se usa tecnología Git, Kubernetes, Actions, Manifiestos, PHP, Composer y Laravel.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a nonarticular rheumatic syndrome which presents as chronic musculoskeletal pain, stiffness and body aches. FMS affects approximately 2.5% of the population, mostly women. FMS causes physical and psychological problems and reduces quality of life. The objective of this study is to identify qualitative evidence about experiences of women diagnosed with FMS about their sexuality. Methods: Metasynthesis of qualitative studies. The search included articles published between 2000 and June 2023 on the PubMed, WOS, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and SCIELO databases. Results: 450 articles were found through the initial search, of which, only nine fulfilled the criteria and were included in the thematic synthesis. From this analysis, three main themes emerged: (1) “I want to, but I can’t”: FMS causes a shift in feminine sexuality. (2) Resetting sex life and intimacy. (3) Taking charge of a “new sexuality.” Conclusions: Women with FMS suffer from limitations of their sexuality that affect their partner. Pain, stiffness and a loss of desire make sexual encounters difficult. Becoming aware of this and striving not to lose their sexuality is key to coping with this problem. Women and their sexual partners can change roles and encourage communication, games, foreplay or touching. The use of lubricants, physical exercise and complementary therapies, along with social, professional and partner support, are key to coping with FMS.

Las productoras audiovisuales en Andalucía atraviesan un difícil momento para su supervivencia condicionadas por la profunda crisis económica que atraviesa España. El descenso generalizado de los ingresos publicitarios en las televisiones, la reducción de los fondos públicos destinados a la Radio Televisión de Andalucía, RTVA, la atomización del sector o la falta de un tejido empresarial autóctono que demande el servicio de estas productoras, algunas de las claves que definen la situación actual de marcha de este sector.

Contexto: La productividad de los sistemas de producción bovina han tenido una tendencia a disminuir, como consecuencia del cambio climático, los pronósticos indican que las lluvias deben reducirse un 60%, por lo que el empleo de árboles leguminosos constituye una vía para mejorar el suministro y calidad de la alimentación. Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento de un sistema silvo-pastoril en pastoreo rotacional de asociación de gramíneas más leguminosa (L. leucocephala) y forrajes (Pennisetum purpureun cv. CT 169 y Sacharum Oficinarum) en una unidad de pre-ceba bovina. Métodos: Se realizó en una Cooperativa de Crédito y Servicios sustentada en un suelo Pardo grisáceo, se aplicó un diseño de bloque al azar, con un peso promedio de 232 kg para el tratamiento A (25 animales) y 236 kg para el tratamiento B (25 animales), la raza utilizada fue mestiza Holstein- Cebú, se pesaron los animales a los 90 días y a los 212, las evaluaciones se hicieron durante la época poco lluviosa se utilizó el paquete estadístico SSPS versión 15.1. Se realizó una valoración económica al final del experimento con los siguientes criterios de evaluación: Gasto por compra de animales, Gasto de salario, Precio de venta, Valor de la producción, Ganancia, Rentabilidad. Resultados: Se obtuvieron aceptables conversiones, buenas ganancias de peso vivo, sobre todo en el tratamiento B que fue de 516 g/día como promedio durante todo el experimento. Los resultados económicos productivos en el sistema silvo-pastoril, fueron superiores a los obtenidos en el sistema tradicional, con una rentabilidad del 23.32% mayor al obtenido en el sistema tradicional. Conclusiones: Los sistemas silvopastoriles, son una alternativa para el pre ceba, de bajos insumos lo que permite obtener ganancias de más de 500g/d al compararlo con el sistema tradicional.

Context: The productivity of cattle production systems has tended to decrease as a consequence of climate change. The forecasts indicate that rainfall must drop by 60%, so the utilization of leguminous trees constitutes a way of improving feed supply and quality. Aim: To evaluate the behavior of a rotational forest-grazing system made of gramineous and leguminous plants (Pennisetum purpureun cv. CT 169 and Sacharum Oficinarum) on a pre-fattening cattle farm. Methods: The study took place at a Cooperative of Credits and Services, on brown-grayish soil. A randomized block design was used. The average weight for treatment A (25 animals) was 232 kg, whereas the animals in treatment B (25 animals) averaged 236 kg (Holstein-Zebu). The animals were weighed on days 90 and 212, and the evaluations were made in the dry season, using SPSS, version 15.1. At the end of the experiment, the following economic criteria were evaluated: Cost of animal purchasing, cost of salary, sales price, the value of production, and cost-effectiveness. Results: The conversions were acceptable, with favorable live-weight gains, especially in treatment B (516 g/day average) throughout the experiment. The economic-productive results of the forest-grazing system were higher than the results observed using the traditional system. Cost-effectiveness was 23.32% higher than the ones produced by the traditional system. Conclusions: Forest-grazing systems are a low-input pre-fattening alternative that permits obtaining gains of over 500g/d when compared to the traditional system.

Analyses of the historical behavior of forest fires provide the basis for effective fire management programs. This descriptive research aimed to analyze when, where and why forest fires occurred in Santa Ana canton, Manabí province, Ecuador, during the period 2012-2018. The data were provided by the Fire Department of that locality. The analysis was carried out considering a spatiotemporal context (years, months, days of the week, localities and vegetation cover). Statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS Statistics for Windows (version 22.0). A significance level of 0.05 was used. In the analyzed period, 91 losses were reported, corresponding to the year 2016 the highest percentage (38.46 %). From July to January 94.50 % of the total number of fires were recorded, associated with low rainfall and increased use of fire by farmers to clear the land. During the day, the highest number of events was recorded from 14:00 to 16:00 hours (27.47 %). In cases where the parish and vegetation cover were specified, the highest percentages corresponded to Ayacucho and weeds with 54.05 and 26.37 %, respectively. The work allowed to establish temporal and spatial patterns of fire occurrence and its causality, constituting an important and relevant contribution on when, where and why fires occur in the canton of Santa Ana, information that can be used by decision makers of integrated fire management activities.

Several noninvasive solutions are available for the assessment of patients at risk of deterioration. Capnography, in the form of end-tidal exhaled CO2 (ETCO2) and perfusion index (PI), could provide relevant information about patient prognosis. The aim of the present project was to determine the association of ETCO2 and PI with mortality of patients admitted to the emergency department (ED). Multicenter, prospective, cohort study of adult patients with acute disease who needed continuous monitoring in the ED. The study included two tertiary hospitals in Spain between October 2022 and June 2023. The primary outcome of the study was in-hospital mortality (all-cause). Demographics, vital signs, ETCO2 and PI were collected. A total of 687 patients were included in the study. The in-hospital mortality rate was 6.8%. The median age was 79 years (IQR: 69–86), and 63.3% were males. The median ETCO2 value was 30 mmHg (26–35) in survivors and 23 mmHg (16–30) in nonsurvivors (p = 0.001). For the PI, the medians were 4.7% (2.8–8.1) for survivors and 2.5% (0.98–4-4) for nonsurvivors (p < 0.001). The model that presented the best AUC was age (odds ratio (OR): 1.02 (1.00–1.05)), the respiratory rate (OR: 1.06 (1.02–1.11)), and the PI (OR: 0.83 (0.75–0.91)), with a result of 0.840 (95% CI: 0.795–0.886); the model with the respiratory rate (OR: 1.05 (1.01–1.10)), the PI (OR: 0.84 (0.76–0.93)), and the ETCO2 (no statistically significant OR), with an AUC of 0.838 (95% CI: 0.787–0.889). The present study showed that the PI and respiratory rate are independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Both the PI and ETCO2 are predictive parameters with improved prognostic performance compared with that of standard vital signs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classical antibacterial drugs were designed to target specific bacterial properties distinct from host human cells to maximize potency and selectivity. These designs were quite effective as they could be easily derivatized to bear next-generation drugs. However, the rapid mutation of bacteria and their associated acquired drug resistance have led to the rise of highly pathogenic superbug bacterial strains for which treatment with first line drugs is no match. More than ever, there is a dire need for antibacterial drug design that goes beyond conventional standards. Taking inspiration by the body’s innate immune response to employ its own supply of labile copper ions in a toxic attack against pathogenic bacteria, which have a very low Cu tolerance, this review article examines the feasibility of Cu-centric strategies for antibacterial preventative and therapeutic applications. Promising results are shown for the use of Cu-containing materials in the hospital setting to minimize patient bacterial infections. Studies directed at disrupting bacterial Cu regulatory pathways elucidate new drug targets that can enable toxic increase of Cu levels and perturb bacterial dependence on iron. Likewise, Cu intracellular chelation/prochelation strategies effectively induce bacterial Cu toxicity. Cu-based small molecules and nanoparticles demonstrate the importance of the Cu ions in their mechanism and display potential synergism with classical drugs.

When studying entrepreneur's intentions, researchers have mainly relied on the theory of planned behaviour model developed by Ajzen (1991. "The Theory of Planned Behavior." "Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes" 50 (2): 179-211) which includes personal variables such as subjective norms, attitude and perception of behavioural control. However, it may be affected, mediated or moderated by other variables or situational factors that influence the relationships between these predictors and intention. The aim of the present study is to analyse the moderating effect of attitudes on the link between the perception of behavioural control and intentions. For this purpose, Partial Least Squares Structural Equations Modeling (PLS-SEM) were used in a sample of 654 last year students from an Spanish University. The results highlight the important role that attitudes play as moderator of business intentions, since the direct effect of perceived control behaviour on intentions increases as attitudes increase. It is also worthy to stress the positive effect that the learning process and subjective norms have on entrepreneurs perceived control behaviour.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative pathology, the origin of which is associated with the death of neuronal cells involved in the production of dopamine. The prevalence of PD has increased exponentially. The aim of this review was to describe the novel treatments for PD that are currently under investigation and study and the possible therapeutic targets. The pathophysiology of this disease is based on the formation of alpha-synuclein folds that generate Lewy bodies, which are cytotoxic and reduce dopamine levels. Most pharmacological treatments for PD target alpha-synuclein to reduce the symptoms. These include treatments aimed at reducing the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (epigallocatechin), reducing its clearance via immunotherapy, inhibiting LRRK2, and upregulating cerebrosidase (ambroxol). Parkinson’s disease continues to be a pathology of unknown origin that generates a significant social cost for the patients who suffer from it. Although there is still no definitive cure for this disease at present, there are numerous treatments available aimed at reducing the symptomatology of PD in addition to other therapeutic alternatives that are still under investigation. However, the therapeutic approach to this pathology should include a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies to maximise outcomes and improve symptomatological control in these patients. It is therefore necessary to delve deeper into the pathophysiology of the disease in order to improve these treatments and therefore the quality of life of the patients.

Introduction. We present the first case of pediatric ileocystoplasty using a purely robotic approach in Spain. Case report. 12-year-old male with neurogenic bladder of low capacity and high pressures. After failure of conservative treatment, bladder augmentation with ileum patch was decided upon. Surgery was carried out using a purely robotic approach with 4 robotic and 2 accessory ports. Surgery duration was 380 minutes in total, without intraoperative complications. He was discharged 2 weeks after cystographic control. During 32-months follow-up, he has remained continent. Discussion. The minimal invasion, surgical precision and ergonomics made the robotic approach an optimal option for complex surgical techniques. Given the little availability of the robot and the low pediatric volume, its standardization is a challenge. Our accumulated experience is consistent with the current literature and shows promising surgical and esthetic results. We hope this case report will contribute to the divulgation and progressive introduction of robotic surgery in our daily lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Una de las problemáticas existentes en la formación del profesorado es contar con mecanismos que permitan trabajar con docentes que buscan evolucionar para mejorar su práctica y conocimiento profesional. Fruto de la investigación y de la experiencia se presenta un modelo para programas de Desarrollo Profesional Docente para profesores de matemática construido a la luz de la caracterización de programas efectivos. Se operativiza el modelo en un programa de formación observando las características de efectividad del mismo, mostrando los elementos principales que lo constituyen y observando coherencia y complementariedad entre el modelo y su puesta en juego.

In response to liver injury, hepatic stellate cells activate and acquire proliferative and contractile features. The regression of liver fibrosis appears to involve the clearance of activated hepatic stellate cells, either by apoptosis or by reversion toward a quiescent-like state, a process called deactivation. Thus, deactivation of active hepatic stellate cells has emerged as a novel and promising therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis. However, our knowledge of the master regulators involved in the deactivation and/or activation of fibrotic hepatic stellate cells is still limited. The transcription factor GATA4 has been previously shown to play an important role in embryonic hepatic stellate cell quiescence. In this work, we show that lack of GATA4 in adult mice caused hepatic stellate cell activation and, consequently, liver fibrosis. During regression of liver fibrosis, Gata4 was reexpressed in deactivated hepatic stellate cells. Overexpression of Gata4 in hepatic stellate cells promoted liver fibrosis regression in CCl4-treated mice. GATA4 induced changes in the expression of fibrogenic and antifibrogenic genes, promoting hepatic stellate cell deactivation. Finally, we show that GATA4 directly repressed EPAS1 transcription in hepatic stellate cells and that stabilization of the HIF2α protein in hepatic stellate cells leads to liver fibrosis.

La tecnología para el desarrollo de vacunas conjugadas preventivas consiste en la unión de polisacáridos bacterianos y una proteína portadora. Este procedimiento constituye uno de los principales desafíos en el mundo de la vacunología y por tanto del Comité Nacional de Expertos en Vacunas. Este órgano, guía y discute las estrategias para el desarrollo e introducción de nuevas vacunas en Cuba. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un análisis de la investigación mundial sobre vacunas conjugadas con la plataforma BD-BiPat (Instituto Finlay de Vacunas, Cuba). La plataforma BD-BiPat permite acceder con formularios de búsqueda directamente a los MeSH a través de PubMed y extraer los datos para su normalización, análisis y visualización. El término usado fue “Vaccines, Conjugate”. El corpus de datos constó de 3852 registros a los que se aplicaron indicadores métricos de co-ocurrencia y visualizaciones en forma de redes. Los resultados del estudio permitieron evidenciar que es una tecnología muy efectiva, que se ha incrementado rápidamente a nivel mundial. Entre los agentes infecciosos asociados a vacunas conjugadas más estudiados están: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae y Salmonella Typhi. Estados Unidos de América y Reino Unido fueron los países más productivos. Los resultados obtenidos podrían tributar a los decisores en política científica de instituciones dedicadas al desarrollo de vacunas, así como su introducción en programas de vacunación. Igualmente, las funcionalidades de la aplicación web BD-BiPat pueden extenderse a los grupos de vigilancia e inteligencia del sector.

The cytokine IFNα is expressed in the islets of individuals with type 1 diabetes and contributes to local inflammation and destruction of beta cells. Here, the authors provide a global multiomics view of IFNα-induced changes in human beta cells at the level of chromatin, mRNA and protein expression.

Blanca Olivia Murillo Ortiz,1 Alma Rosa Fuentes Preciado,2 Joel Ramírez Emiliano,2 Sandra Martínez Garza,1 Edna Ramos Rodríguez,3 Luz Angélica de Alba Macías2 1Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, UMAE No. 1 Bajio, Mexican Institute Social Security, León, Guanajuato, Mexico; 2Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico; 3Regional General Hospital No. 58, Mexican Institute Social Security, León, Guanajuato, MexicoCorrespondence: Blanca Olivia Murillo OrtizUnidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad No. 1 Bajío, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Boulevard López Mateos e Insurgentes s/n, Colonia Los Paraísos, León, Guanajuato, MéxicoTel/Fax +52 4777183039Email bomo907@hotmail.comIntroduction: Malnutrition is common in haemodialysis patients and closely related to morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the effect of twelve weeks of supplementation with resveratrol and curcumin on recovery of bone and muscle mass and protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation on patients with chronic kidney disease and iron overload undergoing hemodialysis, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Methods: We included a total of 40 patients, were randomly assigned to two groups, 20 to the group with antioxidant supplementation (Resveratrol + Curcumin) (Group A), treated with a daily oral dose of 500 mg of Resveratrol and 500 mg of Curcumin, and 20 to the control group treated with placebo (Group B).Results: Significant differences were found in the body composition of the patients between both groups. There was a significant difference in Body Mass Index (BMI) values (p = 0.002), fat percentage (p = 0.007), muscle mass (p = 0.01) bone mass (p = 0.01), as well as in the score of the subjective global evaluation (p = 0.03). Also differences were found between the basal and final serum levels of Triglycerides (TG) (p = 0.01), VLDL (p = 0.003). A significant decrease in the levels of serum ferritin (2003.69 ± 518.73 vs 1795.65 ± 519.00 ng/mL; p = 0.04). Nor were significant differences observed between the baseline and the final Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) values (70.45 ± 69.21 vs 50.19 ± 32.62, p = 0.24). The same results was obtained for carbonyl values (2.67 ± 0.75 vs 2.50 ± 0.85; p = 0.50).Discussion: The present study is the first assay on patients with chronic kidney disease and iron overload that demonstrates the beneficial effects of combined supplementation with Curcumin and Resveratrol on muscle and bone mass. There was a significant decrease in circulating levels of ferritin, to finding that remarkably novel.Keywords: curcumin, resveratrol, chronic kidney disease, recovery of bone and muscle mass

In 2013, the European Association of Nuclear Medicine Dosimetry Committee recommends a “Standard Operational Procedures for Hyperthyroidism Pre-Therapeutic Dosimetry” based on the assessment of the individual 131I uptake and kinetics. To estimate the 3D dose delivery deviations from prescribed dose during patient specific application of this SOP, a computer Matlab application was developed and verified. It was design to execute: radiopharmaceutical curve fitting, cumulated activity calculations, functional thyroid mass estimation, obtain the therapeutic planning activity to warranty the prescribed dose and produce the 3D planning dose map and related dosimetry parameters. 6 patients with 150-400Gy prescribed dose data planning (average 241,67Gy) were analysed using the developed application. The developed system was verify successfully using a test image phantom and 6 known pharmacokinetics data. The tridimensional thyroid volume cumulated activity and dose distributions were heterogeneous. 3D dose distribution showed standard deviations between 18.01-27.08 % of prescribed dose. The differences between maximum and minimum dose value per voxel/MBq were 74-129%. According to the result, between 50,2 % and 71,4 % of patient’s thyroid will be treat with a dose of DP±20 % of planned dose, the rest will be overdose or sub dose. Conclusions: the 3D treatment planning dose distribution were completely no-homogenous, the significant difference observed should be study in the future more deeply in order to optimized the hyperthyroidism iodine treatment.

Calcium (Ca) is an important driver of community structure in freshwaters. We examined the combined effects of increased temperatures and variations in food quantity on the tolerance to low Ca of Daphnia pulex. The aim was to predict the impact of climate warming on this keystone zooplanktonic species in cold-climate lakes. We conducted a factorial life-history experiment in a clone of North American Daphnia cf. pulex to analyse the interaction effects of a temperature increase (17.5 °C–21 °C) within their physiological preferred range and expected by climate warming over the next few decades and a narrow Ca gradient (0.25–1.74 mg Ca L−1) under stressful vs. abundant food conditions. We found a striking positive synergistic effect of Ca and temperature on D. pulex reproduction at high food conditions. Although the increase in temperature to 21 °C greatly reduced survival, high energy allocation to reproduction at high food levels allowed the population to succeed in poor Ca (−1). Results suggest that climate warming and higher food availability will make the populations of many cold and Ca-limited lakes more tolerant to low Ca levels with higher growth population rates, thereby altering zooplanktonic community structures and inducing potential cascading effects on the food web.

Agricultural management decision-making in salinization-prone environments requires efficient soil salinity monitoring methods. This is the case in the B-XII irrigation district in SW Spain, a heavy clay reclaimed marsh area where a shallow saline water table and intensively irrigated agriculture create a fragile balance between salt accumulation and leaching in the root zone, which might be disrupted by the introduction of new crops and increasing climate variability. We evaluated the potential of electromagnetic induction (EMI) tomography for field-scale soil salinity assessment in this hyper-conductive environment, using EMI and limited analytical soil data measured in 2017 and 2020 under a processing tomato–cotton–sugar beet crop rotation. Salinity effects on crop development were assessed by comparing Sentinel 2 NDVI imagery with inverted depth-specific electrical conductivity (EC). Average apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) for the 1-m depth signal was 20% smaller in 2020 than in 2017, although the spatial ECa pattern was similar for both years. Inverted depth-specific EC showed a strong correlation (R ≈ 0.90) with saturated paste extract EC (ECe), [Na+] and sodium absorption ratio (SAR), resulting in linear calibration equations with R2 ≈ 0.8 for both years and leave-one-out cross validation Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient, ranging from 0.57 to 0.74. Overall, the chemical parameter estimation improved with depth and soil wetness (2017), yielding 0.83 < R

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. The pathophysiology of this disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β, leading to the formation of senile plaques, and by the intracellular presence of neurofibrillary tangles based on hyperphosphorylated tau protein. In the therapeutic approach to AD, we can identify three important fronts: the approved drugs currently available for the treatment of the disease, which include aducanumab, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine, and a combination of memantine and donepezil; therapies under investigation that work mainly on Aβ pathology and tau pathology, and which include γ-secretase inhibitors, β-secretase inhibitors, α-secretase modulators, aggregation inhibitors, metal interfering drugs, drugs that enhance Aβ clearance, inhibitors of tau protein hyperphosphorylation, tau protein aggregation inhibitors, and drugs that promote the clearance of tau, and finally, other alternative therapies designed to improve lifestyle, thus contributing to the prevention of the disease. Therefore, the aim of this review was to analyze and describe current treatments and possible future alternatives in the therapeutic approach to AD.

Este trabajo analiza la percepción de las revoluciones de Europa Oriental de 1989 a través de la prensa chilena, en el contexto del proceso de cambio político que vivía Chile en aquel momento. La investigación se apoya en la revisión crítica de diversos medios contemporáneos: diarios, revistas, testimonios escritos, que permiten aproximarse al impacto producido en la esfera pública, los actores políticos y medios de comunicación. Las revoluciones de 1989 conllevaron a la caída de los gobiernos comunistas en diversos países europeos, que consiguientemente repercutieron en el fin de la Guerra Fría y de la Unión Soviética.

Tourism planning processes are developed under sustainability indicators. For this reason, decision-makers and planners need management tools to assess the degree of sustainability, in particular biological indicators. This research was carried out within the protected area of Machalilla National Park, with the objective of determining sustainability indicators, with emphasis on the conservation status of the tropical dry forest of the commune of Agua Blanca, within the framework of the project "Sustainability indicators for environmental management focused on tourism. Phase 1. Methodological theoretical references". For the identification of species with potentialities for key biological indicators based on their representativeness, singularity and monitoring possibility, a simple random probabilistic sampling was carried out through the establishment of 28 transects of 20 m x 100 m, with a group of variables such as height, abundance, diameter, basal area and frequency. Harvesting practices were also considered in relation to the conservation status of these species. Criteria and indicators were generated for the qualification of conservation objects, as well as the key ecological attributes of the Agua Blanca commune and forest species as biological indicators, aimed at biodiversity conservation, which constitutes a useful tool for restoration in the context of Ecuador's dry forests.

For an assessment of the roles of soil and vegetation in the climate system, a further understanding of the flux components of H2O and CO2 (e.g., transpiration, soil respiration) and their interaction with physical conditions and physiological functioning of plants and ecosystems is necessary. To obtain magnitudes of these flux components, we applied source partitioning approaches after Scanlon and Kustas (2010; SK10) and after Thomas et al. (2008; TH08) to high-frequency eddy covariance measurements of 12 study sites covering different ecosystems (croplands, grasslands, and forests) in different climatic regions. Both partitioning methods are based on higher-order statistics of the H2O and CO2 fluctuations, but proceed differently to estimate transpiration, evaporation, net primary production, and soil respiration. We compared and evaluated the partitioning results obtained with SK10 and TH08, including slight modifications of both approaches. Further, we analyzed the interrelations among the performance of the partitioning methods, turbulence characteristics, and site characteristics (such as plant cover type, canopy height, canopy density, and measurement height). We were able to identify characteristics of a data set that are prerequisites for adequate performance of the partitioning methods. SK10 had the tendency to overestimate and TH08 to underestimate soil flux components. For both methods, the partitioning of CO2 fluxes was less robust than for H2O fluxes. Results derived with SK10 showed relatively large dependencies on estimated water use efficiency (WUE) at the leaf level, which is a required input. Measurements of outgoing longwave radiation used for the estimation of foliage temperature (used in WUE) could slightly increase the quality of the partitioning results. A modification of the TH08 approach, by applying a cluster analysis for the conditional sampling of respiration–evaporation events, performed satisfactorily, but did not result in significant advantages compared to the original method versions developed by Thomas et al. (2008). The performance of each partitioning approach was dependent on meteorological conditions, plant development, canopy height, canopy density, and measurement height. Foremost, the performance of SK10 correlated negatively with the ratio between measurement height and canopy height. The performance of TH08 was more dependent on canopy height and leaf area index. In general, all site characteristics that increase dissimilarities between scalars appeared to enhance partitioning performance for SK10 and TH08.