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Objectives: The aim of this study was to screen for the presence of β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) from Algerian currency collected from food vendors in Batna city, Algeria. Methods: During two periods (May 2018 and March–April 2019), a total of 408 coins and currency notes of different denominations of Algerian Dinar were randomly recovered from several food vendors. Samples were subjected to selective isolation of extended-spectrum cephalosporin- and carbapenem-resistant GNB. Bacterial species identification was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method. Carbapenemase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes were searched for by real-time PCR, standard PCR and sequencing. The clonal relationship of carbapenemase-producing isolates was investigated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The transferability of the detected carbapenemase-encoding gene was verified by conjugation experiments. Results: Twelve cefotaxime- and/or carbapenem-resistant strains were isolated in this study and were identified as Enterobacter cloacae, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas libanensis and Pseudomonas stutzeri. The blaOXA-48 gene was detected in only one E. cloacae strain belonging to sequence type 108 (ST108), whilst the two R. ornithinolytica isolates harboured blaCTX-M-27 and one E. coli strain carried blaCTX-M-14. The detected blaOXA-48 gene was transferable by conjugation. Conclusions: We report for the first time the detection of an OXA-48-producing E. cloacae isolate from money. This calls for consciousness development on the potential risks associated with poor handling of currency.

The daily interaction between users within online social networks (OSNs) is an effective way to analyze and interpret its context in real time in order to capture the interests, preferences, and concerns of the OSNs users. These offer a unique information source for several applications in several fields such as trendsetting, future prediction, recommendation systems, community detection, and marketing. Most of the existing studies on text classification in OSNs rely on content based approach, in order to capture users interests through exploiting and categorizing the unstructured textual content shared by those users according to their topics. Moreover, users public profiles available on OSNs often reveal their demographic attributes such as age, gender, education, marital status, etc., which can play an essential role in identifying users interests and preferences. User demographic attributes can provide some preferences for some topics of interests. People with different demographic attributes may be interested in different topics, while people with similar demographic attributes may have the same interests. Usually, young people are more interested in technology than old people, who are more interested in the political news than young people. In this paper, we propose a demographic-content-based approach which uses both users demographic attributes and the textual content to classify OSNs posts using six classifiers ANN, k-NN, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, Decision rules and SVM. The experiments are done on a large Facebook dataset in order to analyze the effect of these demographic attributes on the performance of the categorization of the shared textual content in OSNs.

Abstract  The study investigates the direct effect of Epstein-Barr virus infection on the oxidative profile of in vitro cultivated human cells. For this purpose, a panel of human EBV target cells presenting heterogeneity in their cellular and culture types (epithelial cells or lymphocytes; primary culture or continuous cell culture) was selected. These cells are purified human B lymphocytes, DG75, 293, and HepG2 cell lines. The oxidative stress was evaluated during the early stages of infection (2, 12, and 24 h) by measuring malondialdehyde, the end product of the lipid peroxidation, as well as the activities of two antioxidant enzymes: catalase and superoxide dismutase. The obtained results were compared with those of the untreated cells and the K562 cell line which has no interaction with EBV. The incubation of the different target cells with EBV induced an oxidative stress in the purified B lymphocytes, DG75, and 293, but not in HepG2 and K562. This oxidative stress was highlighted by an increase in MDA level (P P  [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2ZB-1.8 model planting barrier seeder was designed by combining the serious soil desertification and difficulties during desert controlling in northern farming-pastoral areas of China. The structure and dimension of rack were determined by combining the working width of machine and structure distribution of all parts. The statics analysis and optimization of rack were analyzed by applying finite element software ANSYS. The result shows that the stability, rigidity and strength will be better when dimension and material of rack are 100mm×80mm×5 mm and 45# square steel, respectively. The stress and strain of machine after loading could meet with the demand of working performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]