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Background: Incisional hernia remains one of the most prevalent post operative surgical complication with long term incidence of 10-20%, which represent the evidence of poor wound healing in these patients. Objective: To study the risks associated with prolene mesh repair for incisional hernias, how they are managed, and how these risks compare to those in previous research. Setting: Al- Jumhoori Teaching Hospital, Mosul. From Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2007. Materials&Methods: A prospective study of fifty cases with incisional hernia that were treated by prolene mesh repair after elective or emergency surgical operations with follow up between (12-36) months to account for the complications of prolene mesh repair and the management and outcome of these complications was conducted. Results: In 22% of the patients, complications were noted. These complications were categorized as seroma in 8%, deep SSI in 8%, superficial SSI in 4%, and hematoma in 2%. During the observation period of twelve to thirty-six months, there was no sign of a recurrence. Conclusions: The number of complications that arose from our research was manageable and comparable to those of previous investigations. The production of seromas and subsequent infections at the surgical site are the most often reported consequences. The vast majority of these problems are amenable to non-invasive treatments such as wound care in the affected area and antibiotic medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]